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7/27/2019 Islamic Urbanism Principles
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
WHAT ARE THE FUNDEMENTALS??????
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION
PROPHET
THE FORTH CALIPH (632-661)
THE UMAYYAD (661 - 750)
THE FATIMIDS(909-1071)
THE ABBASID (750 - 1258)
THE SPANISH UMMAYYAD (756 - 1031)
THE OTTOMAN(1342-1924)
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Spain North
Africa
Egypt Syria Arabia Yemen Turkey Bagh-
dad
Iraq Iran Trans-
Oxania
Afgha
nistan
India
AD
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
Byzantines
UMAYYADS 661-750
Damascus
UMAYYADS
756 -1031
Cordova
NASRIDS
1230-1492
Granada
ABBASIDS 749-1258
Baghdad
IDRISIDS
789-926
Fez
AGHLABIDS
800-900
Qairawan TULUNIDS 868-905 Cairo
Almoravids1056-1147
Marakesh, Seville
Almohads
1130-1269
Marakesh, Seville
Hafsids
1228-1574
Tunis
Zengids
1127-1222
Aleppo
FATIMIDS
969-1171
Cairo
AYYUBIDS
1171-1250
Cairo Damascuss
MAMLUKS
1250-1517
Cairo, Damascuss
RASULIDS
1229-1454
Taizz
OTTOMANS
1290-1924
Busra, Edrine, IstanbulOTTOMANS
1290-1924
Busra, Edrine, Istanbul
ZAYDI
IMAMS
UMAYYADS 661-750
Damascus
ABBASIDS
749-1258
Baghdad
BUYIDS
932-1062
Baghdad, Siraz
SAMANIDS
819-1005
Bukhara
GHAZNAVIDS
962-1186
Ghazni
SELJUKS 1038-1194
Baghdad
IL-KHANIDS (MONGOLA)
1256-1353
Sultaniyya, Tabriz)
TURCOMANS
1378-1601
Tabriz
TIMURIDS
1370-1506
Samarkand, Herat
SAFAVIDS
1501-1772
Busra, Edrine, Istanbul
MUGHALS
1526-1858
Delhi, Agra
QAJARS
1779-1924
Tehran
GHURIDS 1148-1215 Ghazni
SELJUKS OF
RUM
MOSUL
CRUSADERS in Jurusalem
1099 -1187
Himyarites Sasanians
THE FOURTH CALIPH 632-661 THE FOURTH CALIPH 632-661
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
WHY?????
ISLAM ENCOURAGE URBANISATION PROCESSAND THE ISLAMIC CITY PLAY ROLE AS CENTRE
FOR
DAWAH ISLAMIYYAH
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
FUNDEMENTAL
MAN
ALLAH SWT
MAN ENVIRONMENT
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
THREE FUNDEMENTAL IMAGES
Dar al-ImanCity as a community of
believer whose
individual and
community are to live in
the framework of Islamic
belief
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
THREE FUNDEMENTAL IMAGES
Dar al-QuranCity as a medium of
quranic guidance
(Hidayah): The quran as
knowledge (ilm) that
structures the reality of
existence.
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
THREE FUNDEMENTAL IMAGES
Dar as-Sunnah City as a crucible forrealising the prophetic
model as the individual
(uswah) as well as the
collective model
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(1) City of divine
trusteeship
(AMANAH)
Islamic City is a microcosm created by man in
the fashion of God's creation of the world.There is individual freedom contained byresponsibility to the collective (Ummah),there is trust with answerability to God. TheIslamic city is a representative outpost ofGod's scheme that is man watching his affairsunder the title of trusteeship (Khilafat) ofGod. In Islamic City the criterion for right
and wrong is not from man but from God andthere is little room for the arrogance ofsecular humanism.
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(2) City of Law
Islamic environment is to provide the supportstructure for Shariah and in turn be formedby it. There is to be a delicate equilibriumbetween the rights of the collective againstthose of the individual such that one is notantagonistic to the other. Such anenvironment will provide security andprotection not so much by imposed controls
as by social responsibility and mutualaccountability.
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(3) City of
Justice
An environment that both by its morphology andits institutions establishes egalitarianism withoutimposing grey uniformity. An environmentthat breaks down class structures withoutdestroying natural hierarchies sanctioned byethical tradition. Such an environment encouragesselfhood without selfishness and pride withoutconceit. No wrongs are done, no rights are curbed
and no lies are told - in social, intellectual as well asphysical realms. There is no tyranny in eitherthought or deed.
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY(4) City of
Causality and
accountability
An environment that instigates and nurtures the attitudethat every act has consequences which must always bepartitioned as beneficial or harmful. In Islamic frameworkit is rare to find a benign act. The individual as well as thecollective are to concern themselves continuously withwhether what they do is beneficial in the short term andharmful in the long term or beneficial to an individual butharmful, to society or nature. When citizens think of causesand effects, acts and consequences, benefits and harms itbecomes an environment of responsibility andaccountability to self and to God.
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(5) City of
Purpose
The city is to be like a human body - millions of tiny partsbound together fn one cooperative purpose. There is a civicsense of unity in purpose but diversity in processes. Opposingtrends in various processes, for example housing andcommerce, are to seek a balance and not to pursue selfishdomination of one over the others. Cancer cells are fearfulexamples of selfishness: they grow with abject ruthlessnessuntil they destroy their host body and thus commit suicide.
45
Islamic environment is to take all measures to prevent suchenvironmental, economic, social or architectural cancers.Such environment is internally cooperative and synergeticand thus its reality goes beyond the sum of its physical parts.
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(6) City of care
Islamic environment which is created by collectivevision and individual effort is to always serve as aplace of rest, refuge, care and protection for thosewho are less fortunate or handicapped. It is acollective duty of the able to care for the disabled,
for the knowledgeable to guide the ignorant and forthe strong to protect the weak. Public welfare andsocial institutions, though being a natural part ofthe Islamic milieu, are to be such that they do notstart a cult of dependence.
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(6) City of Life
and Energy
An environment that is ascending and progressive in the sense that itis always struggling towards its ideal of being a City of God. Apurposeful environment that becomes a means of implementingIslam's inwardly consolidating and outwardly expressive energy.Such an environment is responsive to internal feedback of thecitizenry, adaptive to cultural change but resistant to compromise at
the level of fundamental principles.
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(7) City of
ecological
harmonyAn environment that is in a symbiotic, mutually enhancingrelationship with nature. Key values are to conserve not waste; toseek enhancement of the art of life rather than the entropicdecay; to seek the ideal that every short-term consumption leadsto long-term rejuvenation or creation of new resources; to changethe attitude from the survival of the fittest to the survival of themost beneficial. It is an environment that puts great v'alue on
physical and mental health. But more than anything else itnurtures the attitude that every situation of apparent conflictbetween man and nature is an opportunity to design such that thesolution is of benefit to both man and nature.
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY(8) City ofknowledge
It is important to recognise that environment can excite the state,of wonder, it can spark novel images and constructs, it can provide
clues and answers and it can intrigue one to search forever - anexcellent teacher indeed. As the Prophet likened himself to the Cityof Knowledge (Madina-tul-i l m), we get the most complete image ofthe ideal Islamic environment as a source book, a fountainhead ofman's perennial thirst for knowledge. '
The Islamic environment will be a fertile ground for scientificinquiry and technological development. Unlike its secular,materialistic counterpart it will distinguish itself by its value
orientation. The pursuit of knowledge in such an environment willenhance the belief in God's Divine Schema rather than weaken it.There will be little risk of setting the `student' on a regressive pathof agnosticism and atheism that eventually leads to a society ofscientific absolutism whereby eventually man considers himself tobe sole master of his destiny.
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY
(9) City of
simplicity,
humility, piety An environment that values simplicity as economy of
means towards generosity of ends. That stressesavoidance of arrogance and extravagance andencourages graciousness and sensitivity. Anenvironment that creates a sense of place which, thoughbeing of this realm, is continuously indicative ofresponsibility towards the hereafter throughhighlighting our duties to God and fellow man. The builtform celebrates the rituals of man's subservience to God
and supports the social acts of service to the fellow man.It is an environment where a mosque, a madrassah, apublic bath and a garden can exist in harmony and all besupported by the bazaar.
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY10) City of
beauty
Islamic environment is the medium of beauty arrangedby man and presented as an offering to the One andOnly God Who wills all that is beautiful. It is beauty asthe Perfection of an Idea and therefore the ultimateformative value in any human endeavour; a sense of
order that inspires aesthetic response; a beauty that ishidden, elusive, transcendental - a beauty beyond oursense-bound and fashion-dependent normative tastes.
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PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
ATTRIBUTE OF ISLAMIC CITY11) City of
ingenuity and
craft
Islamic city is a problem-solving environment that valuesskills, hard work and ingenuity. It is an environmentwhere creativity and craft are a form of worship, ahomage by the believer to the Creator of all the man'sabilities. It is an environment that upholds self-relianceand discourages unnatural dependencies. There is a
direct, tactile, constructive interaction with one's ownsurroundings be it the building of a mud house, thesewing of a garment or the care of a garden.