Islamic Medical Association of Islamic Medical Association of North AmericaNorth America

&& International Institute of Islamic International Institute of Islamic

Medicine (IIIM)Medicine (IIIM)

Presents History of Islamic Medicine

Exhibition

Executive Committee

Board of Regents

Convention Committee

CME Committee

IMANA Management

Farooq Selod, M.D. President Rehana Kauser, M.D. President-Elect Sameer Ahmed, M.D. Vice-President Ashraf Sufi, M.D. Secretary Hafizur Rehman, M.D. Treasurer Parvaiz Malik, M.D. Immediate Past- President

Shahid Athar, M.D. Chairman Parvaiz Malik, M.D. Regent Abdul Rauf Mir, M.D. Regent Husain Nagamia, M.D. Regent Faroque Khan, M.D. Regent Hossam Fadel, M.D. Regent

Husain Nagamia, M.D. Chairman Rehana Kauser, M.D. Co-Chairperson Farooq Selod, M.D. Member Parvaiz Malik, M.D. Member Iltifat Alavi, M.D. Member Marriyam Moten, M.D. Member Ayaz Samadani, M.D. Member

Ayaz Samadani, M.D. Chairman Marriyam Moten, M.D. Member Faroque Khan, M.D. Member Iltifat Alavi, M.D. Member Khalid Qazi, M.D. Member Husain Nagamia, M.D. Member Muhammed A.A. Khan, M.D. Member Sheik N. Hassan, M.D. Member

Iltifat Alavi, M.D. Chairman Usman Durrani Manager Anwar Siddiqui Admin. Assistant Shahid Saiyed Admin. Assistant

Islamic Medical Association of North America (IMANA) Founded 1967

Who are we? Organized by a small number of Muslim physicians in 1967, IMANA has since come a long way. It is more simply a professional association. IMANA provides a platform for Muslim physicians and students to discuss issues and share ideas relevant to Muslims in North America and around the world. Members of IMANA enrich their profes-sional knowledge and learn about the theory and practice of Islamic medical ethics. IMANA is a constituent organization of Islamic Society of North America (ISNA). In its pursuit of unity among all Muslims, IMANA supports the vision of the Islamic Shura Council. Aims & Objectives

• To promote a better understanding, appreciation and propagation of Islam. • To encourage professional interaction between Muslim physicians and other Allied Health Professionals

and Physicians. • To assist in the orientation, adjustment and training of Muslim Physicians and Health Professionals new

to North America. • To promote and facilitate medical education, research, publications and improved health care services

throughout the world. • To participate in medical relief work and other charitable activities.

For more information please visit our website www.imana.org

Purpose: Inform Muslims and Non-Muslims about the rich heritage of “History of Islamic Medicine”

Introduction: For one thousand years during the triumphant years of the Islamic Civilization there was no other medicine practiced except “Islamic Medi-cine.” This era started soon after Hijra AH (the start of the Mus-lim Calendar 622 CE) and spanned for almost one thou-sand years. The Exhibit: In this exhibit we trace the origins of this scintil-lating period in Medicine, which was started, with assimi-lation of medical knowledge from existing but declining civi-lizations. The knowledge came mainly from Greek civilization, but also from Byz-antine (Roman), Syriac, Indian and even Chinese sources. All this knowledge was then translated into Arabic either di-rectly or through Syriac. It was then codified, systema-tized, critically analyzed, refined and considerably added to. Finally it was Islamiczied to be acceptable to the masses. It was ultimately con-verted into a scien-tific and rational system of theoreti-

cal and prac-tical medi-cine that was to benefit the common citi-zen of the vast Muslim empire, which stretched from China in the East to Spain in the west, and from the Cas-pian seas in the north to the equatorial Af-rica in the south. In fact in the succeeding centuries its effect were to be felt far beyond the confines of the Islamic empire through Latin and other transla-tions; leaving indelible imprints

on the development of what we today call Modern Medicine. We examine the acquisition of this knowledge, the assimilation, its altera-tion to confirm to the Islamic Standards and its application in day-to-day life of the common citizen, afflicted with a diseased process.

We will look at some of the “players”: the Physi-cians who contributed to its development. In-cluded in the exhibit are the manuscripts and books or “Medical En-cyclopedias” which they wrote, describing

their observations, their experiences, their method of analysis and experi-mentation, and the remedies they pre-scribed, for these ailments. They also documented if the prescriptions were effective or ineffec-tive. In addition they described with strong emphasis, methods of prophy-laxis, the role of

diet, exercise, non-polluted envi-ronment, cleanliness, hygiene in preservation of health and preven-tion of disease. We will look at the Institutions that developed, including medical schools, hospitals, libraries, phar-macies and dispensaries. We will also look at the system of health administration, licensing and con-trol of medical practice and phar-macy.

Finally we will also look as to how this knowledge happen to pass on to Europe in early 14th and 15th centuries through Spain and Africa by translation into Latin and give rise to enlightenment of Europe, which until then was in the grips of the dark ages. Therein sparking the flame of “Renaissance” or awaken-ing of Europe from its slumber, and ultimately leading to the founda-tions that have built the theory and practice of medicine of today which we now call “Modern Medicine.”

This stained glass win-dow in the Princeton University Chapel com-memorates the contribu-tion of Al-Razi (Rhazes) to the science of medi-cine.

Facade of al Mansouri Hospital (built by Sultan Qalaoun al Mansour -Cairo, 1284)*

* All illustrations and pictures in this manual are strictly copyright of IIIM and cannot be reproduced in any form without the permission of IIIM

IIIM EXHIBITION

“JIMA” (Journal of Islamic Medicine Association) and member of Board of Regents, was elected to serve as Chairman of the Institute. Dr. Tajuddin Ahmed was elected to serve as treasurer. IIIM’s main purpose was to research, redefine, re-index, and publicize the historical aspects of Medicine during the

Islamic period. IIIM Council

The IIIM Council presently consists of the following members

Board of Advisors Over the years, and throughout the world, the following scholars have been recognized as having made great contributions to the “History of Islamic Medicine”. In recognition of their great achievements and contributions to this subject the Council decided

Historical The International Institute of Islamic Medicine was formed by a mandate given by the Executive Committee of Islamic Medical Association of North America at its executive meeting held in Orlando, Florida in February 1993. Dr. Nagamia had initially presented the concept at a paper read at the International Conference of IMANA in Nerja, Spain in 1990. Subsequently the concept was formulated and IIIM council was formed consisting mostly of the past-presidents of the IMANA who consented to serve on the council. At that time Dr. Husain Nagamia past-president of IMANA, past-editor-in-chief on

Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (known in the West as Haly Abbas, d. 994). He was the author of Al-Kitab Al-Maliki (The Royal Book) it became the standard textbook of medicine for all medical student of his time

Galen’s introductory treatise on the skeletal system, “On Bones for Beginners” (De assibus ad tirones) was translated into Arabic by Hu-nayn ibn Ishaq. This manuscript contains, among other treatises, a very rare copy of Hu-nayn’s Arabic translation. NLM MS P.26. opening at fols. 62b-63a

Abu Ali Al Husayn Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980-1037). He was not only a physician par excellence but also a philosopher, mathematician and an astronomer.

International Institute of Islamic Medicine (IIIM)

Founded 1993 A project of IMANA with global implications

publications of the golden pe-riod of “History of Islamic Medicine”.

4. To develop a curriculum for all medical schools in the Is-lamic countries to teach “History of Islamic Medicine” as an independent and important

subject.

5. Offer an-nual accred-ited courses in Islamic Medicine so that we can propagate this knowledge.

6. Develop and maintain a web page on the History of Islamic Medi-cine so that it is available for the knowl-edge of the Muslim popu-lation and all humanity in general.

7. Create a subset of research into “Islamic Medical Ethics” and encourage research and de-velopment of this very impor-tant aspect of a practice of a Muslim physician.

8. Encourage the development of Islamic Medical University and Hospitals in the North American continent and world-wide. Achievements of the Institute

1. So far IIIM has achieved

Honorary Advisory Council The following serve on this Board: Dr Sami Hamarneh, Dr Hossein Nasr . International Board of advisors The following serve on this Board: Dr Abdel Nasser Kaadan, Dr Ibrahim Shaikh, Dr Sharif Kaf al-Ghazal Functions of the Institute 1.The functions of the Institute have been to gather together as much data as possible on the History of Medicine during the Islamic period.

2. To collect all books, manu-scripts, texts, folios and illus-trations relevant to the period and the subject of Islamic Medicine and its history and create a Reference Library “History of Islamic Medi-cine”.

3. Encourage research and

to appoint them as Honorary Advisors to IIIM. Two of these advisors the late Hakim Mohammed Said and Hakim Said have since passed away to their heavenly homes. May Allah grant them a place in heaven for their dedicated work.

A tonsillectomy. From the Turkish version of al-Zahrawi’s surgical chapter prepared in 1465 AD for the Ottaman ruler Mehmet the Conquerer. Paris, Biblothèque Nationale, ms suppl. Turc. 693, pt. 2, fol. 76b

The Canon of Medicine (Kitab al-Qanun fi al-tibb) by Ibn Sina (d. 1037/428 H). A rare complete copy made in Iran probably at the beginning of the 15th century. NLM MS A53, fol. 368b, the illuminated opening of the 4th book

The figure of a pregnant woman from the oldest copy of the Persian anatomi-cal manual by Mansur Ibn Ilyas. The figure was constructed from the arterial figure, minus labels, superimposed with the oval gravid uterus having the foetus in a breach or traverse position. NLM MS P18, fol. 39b. Copy date 8th Dec. 1488 [4 Muharram 894 A.H.]

quite a few of its objectives al-ready. There have been seven international and national con-ferences of the International Institute of Islamic Medicine (IIIM) that were held independ-ent but under the auspices of IMANA. Subsequently about 4 have been held as a subsection of the IMANA conferences. The International conferences were held in Orlando, FL (twice); Birmingham, England; Hydera-bad, India and Karachi, Paki-stan, Dubai UAE.

2. A comprehensive Library has been created at the HQ of IIIM. It has a large number of books, journals, illustrations, digital collections related to History of Medicine and Islamic Medicine.

3. IIIM web page was created in the year 1997 and has been visited by a large number of Internet visitors. We have received positive com-ments about this page from all over the World including China, Japan, India, and Malaysia, Indonesia etc…The web page will be to-tally re-vamped in 2005

text is due publi-cation 2006 Future aspirations of the Institute The IIIM can become a very important part of IMANA. In fact it can play a leading role in all future develop-ments of IMANA. This is because the “History of Is-lamic Medi-cine” is so scin-

tillating that it can truly be considered as a foundation and basis of modern medicine. The lack of documentation of this in the Historical as well as Medical textbooks is a very de-ploring fact of life. The main reason of this is our own igno-rance of our rich heritage! We have argued back and forth many times that the only people that are going to bring about a change to this disparity are the Muslim physicians because nobody else is going to under-take this task for them. Thus the Islamic Medical Association of North America which is the largest body of Muslim physi-cians in the United States, and world wide has to dynamically get involved in building this Institute with a very solid foun-dation and let it achieve the same caliber as the other Insti-

4. Many articles on History of Is-lamic Medicine have already been published under the auspices of IIIM. Most of these have been published in the Journal of Islamic Medical Associa-tion of North America or JIMA adding to addi-tional wealth to this cadre of knowledge:

A few examples are: Article on “History of Islamic Medicine” Published in Islamic Review, 2002 Also on the web site:

www.iiim.org Article of “Ibn Nafees” published JIMA Feb 2003 Article of “Islamization of Medicine” in Hamdard Medicus 1996.

5. Under the IIIM web site we hope to publish a “Journal of Islamic Medicine” (JIM) a web journal solely dedicated to the History of Islamic Medicine, that will be posted on the web and available to all subscribers at a very reasonable fee. 6. Department of Transla-tion has been established, to translate some original texts on History of Islamic Medicine. The first such

Abul-Qasim Khalaf Ibn Abbas Al Ansari Az-Zahrawi (Albucasis) 936-1013 CE can truly br called the “Father of Surgery”. His Tasrif de-scribed and illustrated many surgical instruments for op-erations he devised and de-scribed. His book was used as standard surgical text for 400 years, even in European uni-versities.

Instruments for excisions and ampu-tations. From a copy of al-Zahrawi's chapter on Surgery

Spain.

7. History of Medicine Li-brary in Paris, France.

8. Topkapi Museum Library and collection in Istanbul, Turkey.

9. Suleiman History of Medi-cine library in Istanbul, Tur-key.

10. Institute of History of Arab Sciences in Aleppo, Syria.

11. History of Medicine Foundation at the tomb of Ibn Sina in Hamdaan, Iran.

12. Khuda Baksh Library in Patna, India.

13. Rampur Library of His-tory including History of Medicine in India.

14. Osmania Library and Ba-hadur Jung Museum Library, Hyerabad, India.

15. The ISATAC Library and Museum in Kaula Lumpur Malaysia.

16. The “Baitul Hikma” Li-brary of Medi-cine in Kara-chi Pakistan.

These are some of the well-known institutes and foundations, which have devoted their time to histori-

cal research and contain a lot of information regarding the His-tory of Medicine during the Is-lamic period. It is for us the Muslim Physicians of the United States and members of the Islamic Medical Associa-tion of North America (IMANA) to solidify the devel-opment of an International In-stitute of Islamic Medicine (IIIM) in the North American Continent. Islamic Medical As-sociation can thus achieve the stature of a body that not only supports annual conventions and periodic discussions about contemporary medicine but also gets accredited for the develop-ment of a full-fledged historical and research facility in the form of IIIM. This is to preserve our heritage and teach our children and encourages them to con-tinue ongoing research. This will also encourage the future development of the Science and Bio-Ethics of Islamic medicine.

Financial outlays

International Insti-tute of Islamic Medicine (IIIM) can become a fully functional and world-renowned Institute and will continue to func-tion if it is funded properly. The minimum en-dowment necessary for this purpose has to be at least a mil-lion dollars. IMANA needs to

tutes founded by Western and other civilizations in various parts of the world, to name a few:

1.Welcome Institute of the History of Medicine in Lon-don, England

2. The Medical History wing of the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Mary-land, United States

3. National Library of Con-gress Washington DC which includes many of the Islamic historical medical manu-scripts. 4. British Museum in London, England.

5. Radcliffe History of Medi-cine library in Oxford, Eng-land.

6. Escorial Library in Madrid,

Ibn Al Nafis 1208-1288 Discov-erer of pulmonary circulation a full 200 years before being de-scribed by Servetus and Colombo

An illuminated opening from the al-chemical treatise "The Proof Regarding Secrets of the Science of the Balance". Undated copy made in Morocco in the late 19th century. This work is con-cerned to a large extent with the classifi-cation of plants, animals, and minerals, and with the alchemist concept of 'balance'. [NLM MS A7, part 1, fols. 1b-2a]

grants and schol-arships to students who undertake research and pub-lications in this subject. Fiscal responsibility

IIIM has shown fiscal responsibil-ity from time of its inception. The endowment fund has never been depleted for its day-to-day func-

tion and operations, with the result that the fund has in-creased in succeeding years de-spite a yearly expense of $ 20,000 to $ 30,000 incurred in secretarial and operational ex-penses.

Conclusion

The Muslims built a Bait ul Hikma in the 10th Century that led to the Renaissance in Medicine which helped the whole world. IMANA can build a IIIM, Institute Al-Hikma in the 20th Century and benefit the masses!

sible to all schol-ars and students through the inter-net. This is rela-tively inexpen-sive way of col-lecting rare books and manu-scripts for re-search without having to spend funds to acquire very expensive original material and “sources of knowledge.”

2. Development of a “Museum of History of Islamic Medicine” where ac-tual artifacts or replicas from the “golden Period” can be

displayed and be avail-able to visit by Mus-lims and Non-Muslims alike.

3. Development of a “Department of Translation” where systematic translations of the important and pertinent texts can be undertaken. This will revolutionize the His-tory of Medicine by enlightening the world of the contributions that the “Golden pe-riod” made to the de-velopment of Medicine and which at this time lie buried in the World Libraries.

4. “Department of Research”: Which would award research

raise and appropriate this money. This has to be ear-marked for the development of the Institute. With the large economic base that the Muslim Physicians have in the USA, with good efforts and dedicated fund raising activity by IMANA, it would be easy to convince many Muslim physicians to donate gener-ously to this IIIM Endow-ment Fund and raise the en-dowment to 10 million dol-lars within a few years Inshal-lah. According to the Charter of Institute the capital of the endowment is never be used. Only the income from it will be used. The projects that the Institute can undertake from the in-come gener-ated are as follows:

1. Develop-ment of a “Virtual Cy-ber library” of Islamic medical Manuscripts monographs, books jour-nals and peri-odicals col-lected from various parts of the world, and these can be put on a “Cyber” da-tabase acces-

An illustrated presentation copy of one of the more popu-lar treatise on Prophetic Medicine that of the religious scholar Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (d. 1505 A.D./911A.H.) The style of the calligraphy and illumination is typical of Timurid workshops in Iran ca. 1500 AD. This undated copy could have been produced within the author’s lifetime and is the earliest recorded copy of the treatise. NLM MS A41, opening show-ing folio 1b-2a

This is the excision of the hemorrhoids. It is from a Turkish version of al-Zahrawi’s surgical chapter that was prepared in 1465 AD by Serefeddin Sabuncuaglu for the Ottoman ruler Mehmet the Conqueror. This manuscript was prepared as a presentation copy to a ruler rather than for the use of a physician. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, ms suppl. Turc. 693, pt. 2, fol. 124a.

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International Institute of Islamic Medicine (IIIM)

Endowment Donation Form*

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Diamond Fellow $1,000/yr until $10,000 paid Platinum Fellow $500/yr until $5,000 paid Gold Fellow $200/yr until $2,000 paid Silver Fellow $100/yr until $1,000 paid

Any of the Patron/ Fellow can be upgraded to the next higher category by payment of the differ-ence. I pledge $_____________ over the next ___ years Amount Enclosed $____________ Signature _________________________ Full Name ________________________ Gifts over $2,000 may be designated for a development program of your choice. Gifts of $2,000 or less will be designated to the IIIM General Endowment Fund. Please designate my gift to help:

Cyberspace Exhibition Encyclopedia of Islamic Medicine Museum of History of Islamic Medicine Curricula of Islamic Medicine of Medical Schools IIIM library and Islamic Medical Manuscripts IIIM Endowment

Planned Giving Invest in the future of IIIM by including us in your Will or Living Trust:

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\ÇàxÜÇtà|ÉÇtÄ \Çáà|àâàx Éy \áÄtÅ|v `xw|v|Çx Under the auspices of

Islamic Medical Association of North America P.O. Box 160 Brandon, FL 33509-0160

Tel: 813-661-6161 Fax: 813-684-5500

Email: info.iiim@verizon.net Web: www.iiim.org

Presidential Council Husain Nagamia, M.D. Chairman Tajuddin Ahmed, M.D. Treasurer Members M. Bashir Ahmad, M.D. Wahaj D. Ahmad, M.D. Abdul R.C. Amine, M.D. Shahid Athar, M.D. M. Saleem Bajwa, M.D. Mohammed A. Bari, M.D. Safdar H. Chadda, D.D.S. G. Jeelani Dhar, M.D. Hossam Fadel, M.D. Nabil Haffar, M.D. Hamid Abdul Hai M.D. Muzzaffar Husain, M.D. Faroque A. Khan, M.D. Pervaiz Malik, M.D. Abdul Rauf Mir, M.D. Ahmad H. Muraywid, M.D. Haroon Qazi, M.D. Khalid J. Qazi M.D. Ayman Rayes, M.D. Farooq Selod, M.D. Mohammed A. Toor M.D. Syed Abdul Zahir M.D. Bashir A. Zikria, M.D. Executive Secretary to IIIM: Shahid K. Saiyed

International Advisory Board Sami K. Hamarneh, Ph.D. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Ph.D. Abdul Nasr Kaadan, M.D., Ph.D. Ibrahim Shaikh, M.D.

Would you like to host the IIIM Exhibition in your City?

IIIM Exhibition has been already held in the following cities and was viewed by a large number

of physicians: Chicago, Illinois Orlando, Florida Detroit, Michigan IIIM Exhibition is to be held in Dubai U.A.E. from Jan 24th-30th 2005. If you like the Exhibition to be held in your City/At your chapter meeting, this can be arranged. Please fill and send this form to us by fax, email or snail mail Attn: Shahid, Executive Secretary, IIIM Your Name: _________________________________________ Your Address: _______________________________________ Tel No: ____________________________________________ Email: _____________________________________________ Chapter Name or Organization Name: ___________________________________________________

IIIM P.O. Box 160 Brandon, FL 33509-0160 Tel. No. 813-661-6161 Fax. No. 813-684-5500 Email: info.iiim@verizon.net www.iiim.org