Isfahan-In the 15th century was divided between Jamai-Sunnis and Shi’is

- Was a great Iranian metropolis, was reduced by half in the end of the 18th century. Athough it was still active in exporting products to the west.

-In 1599, ‘Abbas moved his (Safavi) capital to Isfahan, which he drew on all the creative resources that the previous 2 or 3 centuries had produced. It was a symbol of the artistic flowering of the time.-There was a Isfahan school of philosophy that was impregnated with Shi’ism

Shah Isma’il-was a Shah of Iran[5][6] and the founder of the Safavid dynasty which survived until 1736. Isma'il started his campaign in Azerbaijan in 1500 as the leader of the Safaviyya, an Twelver Shia militant religious order and unified all of Iran by 1509.[7] Born in Ardabil in Northwestern Iran, he reigned as Shah Ismail I of Iran from 1502 to 1524.

Ismail played a key role in the rise of Twelver Islam; he converted Iran from Sunni and Ismaili Shi'i Islam, importing religious authorities from the Levant.[8] In Alism Shah Ismail remains revered as a spiritual guide.

Jadidis-A teaching method that appeared in the latter part of the 19th century, in Tatar urban circles. They resisted the old-line way of teaching the Qur’an was called the new, jadid, method. It’s proponents (aka Modernists) were called “Jadidis” They had a new approach to literature, science, social life, and economic activity. They completely assimilated to Russian patterns.Jama’at-e Islami- The most developed neo-Shar’I, Led by Abu-l-Ala Maududi from India and Pakistan. He opposed the creation of Pakistan because it would bring secular Modernists to power. It sought to make Pakistan a pure Islamic state. In striving to elucidate what Islam really meant and what defined a Muslim, they had to point out dissident Muslims, like the heretical Ahmadiyyah sect. They were declared non-Muslim this led to riots.Jamal al-Din Afghani-Most famous intellectual reformer of Islam in his time, he combined an ardent pan-Islamic vision with scorn for the conventional ‘ulama and zeal for the spread of European sciencesJannisaris- The most highly trained infantry corps, they formed the heart of the army. They were carefully conscripted from the sons of Christian families. It was a class of ‘military’ imperial servant. Though some of the officers rose to the very high rankings. They were unofficially connected to the Shi’I Bektashi tariqah, which was against sharia mindedness

Jinnah -leader of the Muslim league for several years. He made it a more popular movement. Popular amongst politically minded educated young muslims. He was known as Qaid al-‘Azam (Great Leader) (I would never call him that). He supported the British which increased him in popularity.Khilafat Movement- (1919–1924) was a pan-Islamic, political protest campaign launched by Muslims in British India to influence the British government and to protect the Ottoman Empire during the aftermath of World War I.Rudyard Kipling- On the advent of the modern age, he commente don’t the development gap who has, from the beginning, divided the world into two sets of peoples who have been inescapably bound together. “East is East and West is West and never the twain shall meet.Qizilbash- (1511)Turkish followers of Ismail (aka Red Heads) they believed he was the perfect Sufi master,(murshid e kamil) They believed by following his military command they fulfilling their spiritual disciplineLord Macaulay- Under his leadership, there were great reforms in launching English education, criminal law and education, were made to conform to British standards under him.League of Nations- an association of countries established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles to promote international cooperation and achieve international peace and security. It was powerless to stop Italian, German, and Japanese expansionism leading to World War II and was replaced by the United Nations in 1945.Kemalism- The history of the concept of Kemalism can be traced back to the Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire. The political experience of the Ottoman Empire, through Tanzimat, and the First Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire were synthesized into Kemalism. Two of its principles are secularization and reformationMawdudi-Developer of the Neo-Shar’I theory, leader of the Jamaat e Islami. He initiated a campaign to make Pakistan truly an Islamic state.Mehmed Ali- An ottoman general that was sent against Napolean, Originally Albanian, 1769-1848. Restored the Egyptian governer to its former greatness. Prevented the British from intervening. He retained French advisors, set up an administration on modern presuppositions, which made it very effective. Established marketing monopoly over all commercial industries and crops. He made Egyptian society into one linked complentarily with EuropeanMevlevis- a Sufi order founded in Konya (in present-day Turkey) by the followers of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi, a 13th century Persian poet, Islamic jurist, and theologian. They are also known as the Whirling Dervishes due to their famous practice of whirling as a form of dhikr (remembrance of God).

Illumination/Ishraq-The Ishraqis followed yahya Suhrawardi’s thesis that true wisdom calls for accepting Aristotle and then going beyond them. This is one of the schools of the tradition of FalsafahMughals- The Mughal Empire began in 1526; at the height of their power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled most of the Indian Subcontinent. The "classic period" of the empire started in 1556 with the accession of Jalaluddin Mohammad Akbar, better known as Akbar the Great. Under the rule of Akbar the Great, India enjoyed much cultural and economic progress as well as religious harmony.Muhammad Abduh- was an Egyptian jurist, religious scholar and liberal reformer, regarded as the founder of Islamic Modernism.M. Baqir Majlisi- Under the guidance of Muhammad Baqir Majlisi (1616–98, one of the most important Shiite clerics of all time), who devoted himself to (among other things) the eradication of Sunnism in Iran,[59] the Safavid state made major efforts, in the 17th century to Persianize Shiite practice and culture in order to facilitate its spread in Iran among its Sunni populace.[60] It was only under Majlisi that Shi'a Islam truly took hold among the masses.Modern Technical Age-is characterized by the presence within it of fully-fledged technicalization in at least some portion of mankind, and by the decisive effects of that presence upon the rest of mankind (see page 201 for more clarity…)

Compare the writings of Abu’l A’la Mawdudi and Murad Hoffman on the issue of “Islam and Democracy” in Islam in Transition. Do you happen to agree more with one or the other? Is there a different formulation altogether that you prefer? 262&296-I agree with Murad Hoffman when he argues that democracy and Islam are compatible. And that those who say other wise don’t know Islam or democracy The way he defines democracy “Muslim. should realize that the primary goal of democracy-preventing the abuse of power through systematic control of government and a balance of power- is a key Islmaic concern. The fact that

What are some of the social and psychological implications of the transition from the Agrarian Age to the Modern Technical Age? Reply in reference to the five “modern problems across the development gap” presented by Hodgson.