r%Sateway to ArabicBook Two

Sr. Imran Hamza Alawiye

For kjt-ynner learners of Arabic who have mastered the basics of reading and writing

GenderAll nouns in Arabic are either masculine or feminine, no matter whether they are humans, animals or

objects, Unlike in English, there is no word for 'it' in Arabic. All nouns are referred to as 'he' or 'she',

The following words, which are all to do with school, are divided into two lists, one of masculine words

and the other of feminine words. Read the two lists out loud. What do you notice about the feminine

words?

Feminine

*

Masculine X*

a blackboard

a table aJjU? an exercise jljobook

a stapler i—Ui a pen

a pencil

sharpener

° a8Sk

PjHI

MSI scissorstja L̂f>

a computer

Did you notice how ail the feminine words end in taa marbuta? 3 *- )

Nearly all Arabic words that end with taa marbuta are feminine.

2

Gender

JS, ^1“ H1- it -

-i1 "*"" 13 ^

- & - [ !» 'Ml-

— CS# •- ^ >

0 |— in e^|

,— flE'w-~ *> — |

^- A * oiHocnow JiJU

“ OCCC^.0

^

This is a -La t1 -La

, ,

• " Make sure you learn treThis is (feminine form) aJJfc This is (masculine form) correct spelling!

IJja is pronounced as if it were written with an alif:

oJ-A is pronounced as if it were written with an alif: aitfc

Sf l-L*|

l£ 'iU|

Sf e-i*; 0 aiU

I

In Arabic, when we want to say ‘this is' followed by a noun, the word we use for 'this is' will change,depending on whether the noun is masculine or feminine.

I Jl» is used before a masculine noun. e.g. 1 This is a book.

dJjfc is used before a feminine noun. e.g. a A eJJ& This is a ruler.

Exercls© 2: Complete the sentences below by adding l -L& or d -L& to match the gender of the

following noun.

This is a blackboard.

•fis 5-

9 This is a computer.

» *

This is a pencil fis »SThis is a pen, sharpener. ji

1*0 fi

This is a bait. 11

« , 1* JI oi

This is a pair of scissors. 12 This is a box.

fi -o, „

This is a chair.L

13 This is a desk.

This is a table. 14 This is a bag.fis

fi o This is an exercise fists

This is an eraser. 15 book.

fis *s

This is a book. 16 This is a stapler La

Exercise 3: Copy the words from page 3 into your exercise book, adding the correct Arabic for

'This is' before each word.

4

Adjectives

In Arabic, adjectives (describing words) come after the nouns they describe.

When the noun is masculine, the adjective will also be masculine.

Likewise, when the noun is feminine, the adjective will also be feminine.

Adjectives are written after the nouns they describe.

Exercise 5: Translate the phrases below into Arabic. Make sure the adjectives agree with ire

they describe.

1 . A heavy book.

2. An open door.

3. A new sofa.

4. A light bag.

5. An old radio.

6. A tall candle.

6

It is written as part of the word that it links.J for 'and' in Arabic is

i* ,

tcor i—>L> a door and a window «

J

'And' is not affected by gender,

6; ?iact !se reading the following sentences and make sure you can understand them.

allowing the pattern of the examples above, write a description for each picture below in

.rablc on the line provided.

c. k one this ;s an old lock.

7

Asking Questions ? f V pa

and f , which are written at the beginning of a sentence, are two ways of asking ques^ons Si

1* x ^ J* ,, , O -

as ‘‘Is this...?' in Arabic, e.g. Is this a pen? ? IJufct or ? ^Jl3 IJL&

Note how 1 becomes part of the following word, but is written separately.

In order to answer this type of question, we need to learn the words for yes and no 1

ir. Afar;

Yes = and no = V

.

Note also the shape of the question mark in Arabic: ?

8

What is this? ?®j_A L/> ^MjjSs U

: means 'What?' in Arabic. To ask ’What is this?' you follow it with I Ju& or a Xa

What Is this? (masculine)j

^

A cat IjzJ What is this? (feminine) ? o Jjfc L«

Exercise 10:

Following the pattern of the two exampleson the left, write an appropriate question

on each of the first lines provided, fol-

lowed by the correct answers underneath.

Remember to pay careful attention to the

masculine and feminine forms.

A dog

% A bear

Exercise 1 0 (continued)

a i <s on© of two words used in Arabic to mean 'or. It is used when offering a choice between' r-Ao options,

txetclse 1 1 : Following the pattern of the examples above, write a suitable question in each box onthe first two lines provided, followed by the correct answer underneath,

That is ...

' jl „ 'ii' Make sure you learnThatjs (feminine form): LL That is (masculine form): correct speii'hrV

Is pronounced as if it were written with an alif: jJJii 2^1In Arabic, when we want to say 'that is' followed by a noun, the word we use for ’that is’ will changedepending on whether the noun Is masculine or feminine.

dUi Is used before a masculine noun. e g. jjji That is a crescent,

is used before a feminine noun. e.g. ijjjj That is a star

14

The Definite Article: The

Do you remember your sun and moon letters and how they are affected when 'al' (the Arabic word for

'the') comes before them? You may wish to check pages 61 and 62 of 'Gateway to Arabic Book One'(Starter Book) to refresh your memory. In short, the rules are as follows:

J| joins onto the word It defines.

The I in J| is a weak letter. Therefore it is always silent (i.e not pronounced) unless it occurs at the

beginning of a sentence.

When is followed by a word beginning with a moon letter, then it is written with a sukun or

the laam: Jl .

When J|is followed by a word beginning with a sun letter, then the loam is written without a sukun

and It becomes silent (not pronounced). The sun letter after J| takes a shadda'

i"+ *

The word defined by Jl loses its tanween . Instead, the last letter of the word will fake eithe

*

fatha, kasra or damma: ,

There is one more point to note. Although there is no verb 'to be’ in the present tense in Arabic

('am', 'are' and 'is'), it must be added when translating Arabic into English for the sentence or

phrase to make sense. See below for examples.

16

Pfonouns

Exercise 1 4: Following the pattern of the two examples provided, select one word from each columnin the table above, working from right to left, to make ten of your own pairs of sentences,and write them out on the lines below.

6 1

7;

2

8 3

9_ _ _ _ 4

10..... .. .5

19

Singular Attached Pronouns

Certain letters can be added to the end of nouns to show to whom the noun belongs These letter? are

known as attached pronouns. The singular attached pronouns are shown below. We will look at the

others forms (dual and plural) later in the series.

(sU)

/*"i ^

r~ V V Jmy lT

This is my cat. This is my book.

your (masc.)

This is your (m.) cat. . tiJljaS e -La This is your (m ) book. . utiulxS” 'h'sA

your (fern.) *1

This is your (f.) cat. . o Ju* This is your (f.) book

his, itsThis is his cat.

. Alii® oSj* This is his book. . 4j\sS i Jj6

her, its This is her cat.. i o J-& This is her book. . i jj&

Exercise 1 5: Make sentences saying "This is my ..." using each of the people in the vocabulary box

above. Pay attention to the masculine and feminine forms of "This Is".

^ e.g. This is my husba nd. . 1 Jjfc

7

_8

9

_ JO

20

As with other adjectives, colours in Arabic have masculine and feminine forms. When a noun is masculine,

’he coiour describing it will also be masculine. Likewise, when a noun is feminine, the colour describing it

will also be feminine.

Some Items of clothing

a sock J 1» /0 /

a headscarf f uUp-

a shoe

if

f-ljo-

pyjamas

a watch fta belt

fir-

Some Forms of Transport

A bicycle -Jo A bus

Rainbow

Prepositions

Serially speaking, nouns in the singular form coming immediatelyafter prepositions such as Those on the right will end with a kasra.

* s j I laytP-LnJ I a _T—~ i I , o I

The car is on the bridge. The lion and the squirrel are in the car.

Some basic prepositions

in. at

under, below

on, over, above

in front of

i_3jJ

»C= l

behind

Exercise 20; Study the three pictures carefully, then write a description in Arabic of what you see in each

picture. Remember to use the colours and prepositions you have learnt,

Family and Friends

Go jar, we have learnt how to ask 'What is.., 0 ' using the word

To ask. ‘Who is we use the word ?

Who is tnat° (masculine) ? uJJi *^ Who is this? (masculine) 91 ju*

5 0 y .

'A ho stoat? (feminine) ? AUj • Who is this? (feminine) V $ Jjfc

Dialogue 1

Vocabulary

Lord Vj

Allah ttJJl-

The Creator

Prophet

Religions*

Islam

Enemyft

Satan (Shaytan) blaliji

Teacher: Who is your Lord?

Hasan: My Lord is Allah.

9 a v sc

Teacher: Who is the Creator?9 , o « -

• 0-*

Hasan: Allah Is the Creator.. 4-Ul

Teacher: Who is your Prophet?

Hasan: Muhammad (may the blessing andas, >4 is <fi $ s 9

aJJI

peace of Allah be upon him

)

'

Teacher: What is your religion? Vdilo U

Hasan: My religion is Islam,

Teacher: Who is your enemy? V^JjllPC

Ja

Hasan: My enemy Is Satan.s e S t S s

. L)U2-w^Ji

30

Dialogue 2

wk m

U**‘'" Ti^Il

Direction of prayer XL3

Towards (preposition)

The Ka'bah ’C&\

Noble Makkah,4^9 o 9 4^, ,

Xa 2iD»

Enlightened Madinahs 4 s 9 o

3^ I 4JLj -i-oJ i

Mosque9 o .

Al-Aqsa(Name of the third most

important mosque in Islam)

cr-2-5^ 1

Jerusalem ^jUJI

Palestine o-LL-U

Where is vour qiblah? YdJhU*

Vy ciDlah is towards the Kcrboh.. 4^«tSjl iL?

e Ka’boh? YJ-JJkJ!

al-Mukarramah..Xa

A^3

. J> 53 9

e Prophet's mosque? A**.^.* A

i/Vh ©i© is the Ka’bah?

n Makkah al-Mukarramah.

n Madinat al-Munawwarah,

Where is al-Aqsa mosque?

Where is Jerusalem?

s O ^ 9 3 ^ -- O ^

? ^ * /? 3 ifl l

C 9 0

J0 9 0 s 3,

^.jrwjjLii hyjl

.•, !•? - .. la j

Family and Friends

Exercise 23; Translate the following passage into Arabic on the lines provided below, using the

example above to help you.

My name is Yasmin. I have a brother. His name is Jalal.

My father is tail and thin. His name is Khalid and he is a teacher in my school.

My mother (she) is a nurse in the hospital. She is a short and beautiful woman. Her name is Lavia.

I have a friend. Her name is Fatima.

32

33

Exercise 26: Have a go at describing your own bedroom in Arabic! Don't forget to use son i0 of tr-f-

adjectives, including colours, that you have learnt.

34

Parts of the BodyWe leornt at the beginning of this book that almost all nouns ending in taa marbuta are feminine,

however, some feminine nouns do not end in taa marbuta, What is more, a few Arabic nouns can beeither masculine or feminine!

Feminine Nouns

j

;

naii eyei*

j

° :'r

i*

eary s »

Oil

!

: oray ^

Ju> lip

i» v v

AjL3->

]

isg

i* o

tooth$

'cot- tongue* -

ULJ

knee ** v forehead

Qs

'

j

Note that many (though not all) of the parts of

|the body that occur in pairs are feminine.

Exercise 27:

y: & the following phrases into Arabic, Makes-jit- The adjectives Ggree with the nouns. You"hay choc*e whether to treat tongue and arm as'•-^scuiine or feminine nouns,

i A long face.

2. A tmj head.

3 Anaval eye,

Soft hair.

ca i:p.

A crcokeo nose

' A TOT cheek,

8. A while tooth

9. A small mouth.

10. A narrow chin.

Masculine Nouns

body1* 0

1

head1* 0/

u“b

chest j-W3 face1*0 „

4J>~J

stomach nosei* 3

i

cJjJl

armi* ^

cheek5 ^

shoulder lisS" mouthi* .

elbow1* c

o

JV tongue1* ^

jLJ

wrist

* , 0

chin

i*

thumb neckJ* JUi

finger

1* ,0

back1*0

1 1 , A long neck.

12. A long tongue,

13. A straight back.

14. A broad chest.

15. A fat stomach.

16. A long arm.

17. A short thumb.

18. A thin finger

19. A short leg,

20. A big foot.

35

Number: The Dual

There are three categories of number tn Arabic. So far, all the nouns we have learned have been n thei;

singular form, The plural form starts from three in Arabic, For now, we are going tc learn the dual fc-nn,

which Is used when talking about two of something.

The basic dual form is made by adding the endings or to a singular noun.

You will learn later in the series when to use each of these two dual endings.

iS ^ c ^

For example, 'a book', can be made into 'two books' by adding 0^ or /jj

s s 0 s s f ss S S

i.e. or . Feminine nouns follow the same rules: 3 S (S&Ji ^

Note how the final o in feminine words changes into an open taa J or as in

/ s' s' s' 9/ / /

2^i_i j ljLa *- before the dual endings ore added.

Exercise 28: Turn the following singular nouns Into dual nouns by adding the dual endings.

Duai Demonstrative Pronouns

These two are, those two are...

So fa' we have come across the following demonstrative pronouns: this is (masc,), this Is (fern,),

that is (masc.) and that is (fern.) ,*jjj t ^ aJji t IJjh which are used when referring to

singula? nouns, When referring to two objects or people, these words must take the following dual forms:

[

Dual ji

\(Those two are)

Dual 01

(Those two are)

Singular

(That is, m.& f.)

Ox

Dual

(These two are)

Dual jl

(These two are)

Singular

(this Is, m,& f.)

1 ... mgm1 .LUji U!-Ls> IJla

- * '

£1 ;

L4Jji3 .

4JUb- l)Ij L& 3 —

' -.

"

37

Dual AdjectivesWe have already learnt that adjectives have to agree with the nouns they describe in terms or whether

they are masculine or feminine. e,g. 5^ . ^ 24 ^

.,s ,jv__r

An adjective describing a noun in the dual form must also take the same dual ending as the noun '

describes, e.g. two big houses:.

^<’.1 4 Ol_^S" jbU

two small cots: . --uis 4 Jli rJo^> OlxlzS

Note that for feminine colours ending in t in the singular, the homza changes into o j in the dua !

> s 0 s its s O

e.g, one white ruler:r

l , j U ... «

two white rulers: * t Qlj l .A>°

,

.. ..

Exercise 30: Translate the English first into the singular Arabic form, and then into the two forms of the

dual in the table below. The first one has been done for you.

Dual Dual 01 Singular

0 S ^ 0 //

. jj jJ i . jljja<1* , » „ 1

A thin boy

A smali girl'

An open door :

|

A fast trail's i

A tea doctor pm.) ;

A thin nurse (f .)

A new bog

A black pen

A red cat

A green opn ;e ;

i

A stow tortoise i

i

I

38

Nierifes: Ihe Plural

As we cseacty rrj^rtioned briefly, the plural in Arabic starts from the number three. There are three

Arod*c‘ the sound (or regular) masculine plural, the sound (or regular) feminine plural,

<3id mE- tma&Fi »or ??eg*3laf> plural.

the 5mss?3 f^£®cu§r>e Rural

ftesQOTdrroBcrfrieF plural is relatively easy to learn. As far as nouns are concerned, the sound masculinepteSefw* onJy be teed for male human beings, on the whole, It con also be used to form many adjectives.

Vocabulary: ihe new words below can all take the sound masculine plural endings, Please learn them,

and mer try the exercise at the beginning of the next page,

s

f

Adjectives Nouns Nouns

|

hard. vs* *o »

farmer, peasantt! J ,

believer

fi a S

j*y

i care-ess

tJJ 0

J—

p

cook, cheffi iy

Muslim

fi.o S

ighfeou- barber muezzin

ta v jj

truthful JbU^> pilot jCl? butcher

*a £8-

jlrf

|

cerefi

4 >

i'/mg sailor

& i s

baker

jjt Ji ^

famousJJ4^* radio/TV presenter

<fl4

Ji

grocer

unknown* .

* o X

obscure <J policeman tailor

CJ?v. OOh

i t ied lJ *11^**^ driver, chauffeur

3> ^

r_jt teacher

in J

39

Number: The Plural

Exercise 31 ; Translate the English first into the singular Arabic form, and then into the two forms of the

sound masculine plural in the table below. The first one has been done for you

The Sound Feminine Plural

The sound feminine plural is also easy to learn. It is used for nouns which have no sound masec^e phjra !

or broken plural, whether they are femaie human beings, animals, inanimate objects or abstract nounsHowever, a sound feminine plural noun is usually followed by an adjective in the feminine singular, unless

the noun is a human being, in which case the adjective will take a feminine plural form.

The sound feminine plural is made by adding or o! to the singular noun,

o .# i# ^ o .* c s

e.g. A Muslim (woman): Muslim (women): oUJLw» or C.A - *

patient [fern,, adj.) ijjUa patient Muslim (women): CjLJ-—

«

or O' oU

A new fridge: jjj> new fridges: Soo>- oW-*Aj °r 3 oUrVl

•» /

An explanation of when to use oi and when to use Ol will be given later in the series.

40

Number: The Plural

The Sroken Plural

'he broken or irregular plural is one of ttie more challenging areas of learning Arabic. The plurals of somemorels that are similar in structure may follow a common pattern, and the student will learn to recognise

these with experience. For now, it Is best if you learn each plural alongside Its singular form, The plurals of

most of the irregular nouns and adjectives you have learned so far in this book are given below, alongwith their singular.

Piura! Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular

cupboardsi

9 U U 9 s s

*u\y>- stomachs fathers

4*

j*Ll

48 ,

V*

i

&O girls

9 ss

oLc4.« S

sons sUjt48 B

oh)

9 99 1* 0, l8 S S O 48 ^ 0

1 clrciss Syb houses Oj*-> ^-tH thumbs o>L<>l_£jl (O» 9 ^ 6 9 9 $9 49 s a 48 ^

bears apples oU-liJ £-\Ju brothersc'

9 » '

'

9 s o 48 - , 7 18 0 9

exercise books crocodiles X^Uj ^L^w<kJ sisters kU1\ tjS’- \ d^l

4* st> ^ 4* 9 s

•ehg-onc jLdt W ” snakes ears Obi Oil

45 9 0 , fi 19 s 4«7 O, 1< so s

j

arms foreheads HrT rabbits* \*

)« -ox fi ss V> o 9 I* 7 9 9 9 4« ,

1

chins Olid! walls jlj Hons o 1 JO!

19 9 9 4* 9 9 9 4*0 48,.2

i>/» j

-leadbU“jjj orb bridges

->r~^ families &j*M 1

1 men Xjti ji /

camels JO <-0 namesi« / 0 /

(

£. |

48 0

r")4* » c

i9 0 4« ^ 0 t- 9 , s 48 ^0

legs ukj 1 socks 'Sjf? fingers *jL*iO £r*\4* , 0 x 4* 0 4*-- Os 4* 4« 9ss 0

Wives 7- U il cm scarves A

1

• •women ol

9 4? .7 0 ^ 4* 48 s 6 9 ?S ji

t rO'jsersJ’JLr- shoes Aj -L>-l fJ-O mothers oL$-4 f

9 9 9 48 0*

>9 x 49 48 0.

beds belts noses o& jj 1 t^JS-h

9 sO s $ 4*- 0 sf

* . 0 , 18

tee horses A_Lv2j>-I jU^>- doors

windo -.-vs iXwCiiB,

i!Li bagsji 9 s

m'

A_OL>- parrots

48 s s <ss

Orjt*_o-8 s 0 s

£.lx_*J

•a:;

5* s , 9s 0 s

oy*-Z* cheekst» 9 9

JO oranges oVULj48 ,^9o 9

JUS^J

41

Plural Singular Plurai Sing o:

feet ffJl > ui lips

if ,»

fluLS. 5jLi

monkeys-fis ,

V ships

•i* . - 1

!

trains

* ^ <oljtki jO*i devils

cats

If i

sU rockets

t *1

?- 4;Ui? ;

hearts

if ff if O'

Ji chests

if t f

! ;

pensS' 0 '

r15 friends (m.)

4*

shirts

if ' 0 f + <

boxesv >.e>

j

w'

e

>1

books^ ff •f s

^hS frogs r'blAurfif o

j

y

shoulders tiUSlif

a doctors

V*- U.

chairs

i

backsif f f

jj-$S-So '

j£>

dogs L>ysif 0 'US enemies

if ' ct

p! Js-’

-5 > - i

*UP-

j

tonguesif f O'

o~-”

if '

01 s roomst' t

H.* ,P |

colours

if ' O'

Olgil

if 0 '

necks

if -0 ..

JU‘

triangles oliJjb*f S'f

uALa eyesif f? ..A . !

;-X

mirrors\>$S

if^s

31jA mouths O'

-j

squaress , z, f

OUtJjAIf u>

Zr elephantsif

,so,:

JUit

Broken Plurals Of Adjectives: These are usually used for describing male human beings. Use soundfeminine singular adjectives to describe plural objects, and sound feminine plural adjectives to describe

plural female humans.

Examples

Tall boysif. ' if £ .0 ^

Jj bV«l Plural Singular Plural Singular Plurai Singular

,v

s , *t

" VI, • y

Tali girls

* x if slow »U»j

if ' if

small

if f f if

tall SUif , .j,

Long penst' *' °i<lLjyia

fat 0^0-*'*’

* / «'

.

new i Jj>-

if '

Aj

Vl

shori jLuU

-*.

j-l-A&S)

-

Long rulers

if' / ^ , /

AL ykS J^U^Athin fast oy- big

r'-f

42

Plural Demonstrative Pronouns

•b o=i€* aH' '-hose ore...

^ rave come across toe singular and dual demonstrative pronouns. We are now going to learn

>*. "a jse demonstrative pronouns to refer to plural nouns Vou need to follow different rules depending•

• . --er you are referring to objects/items, or people.

Demonstrative pronouns with objects

-e Angular ferni nine demonstrative pronouns o -Lfc and are used when referring to plural

non-human items, no matter whether they are masculine or feminine.

j> * aThese are spoons • These are pens .

Jt ^ s x o ^ y s 0

Those are giraffes . Those are rabbits . u.—>ljl dJ-U

2. Demonstrative pronouns with people

•Kbai demonstrative pronouns are used when referring to humans in the plural,

ija means "These are" and is used both for masculine and feminine people,

i D means Those are" and is also used both for masculine and feminine people.

* t" sS' *\[° *

'

These rye giris, cIjLj g.

j

These are boys . 1 jjl g

* " ' < i ^ s r0i '

\ 1 i’ - ose are girls

. dJ-SJjl Those are b°vs . JJjt dLSJy

se ore nurses (f.). g j tfc These are doctors (m.)

. g 2J_&

:.>* a=e teachers ft.). ouID DuJji Those o,e teachers cm -) . j diiJjt

Plural Dual Singular Summary: This Is... /These are...

, a Jj*> . jCJi oiJu*>.pis ui Masculine object(s)

-i jjb . jUjucl* jlili Feminine object(s)

.DD . oTaij oUla . jjj fti Masculine person/people

. Db -vD . jL>L&1* 0

. fiJU* Feminine person/people

43

Exercise 32: Study the rules governing demonstrative pronouns on the previous pages carefully. Then

copy out each word from the box at the bottom of the page under the correct heading in the tabie

below, There are fourteen appropriate words for each column heading. Your mission is to find them*

Numbers from 1 to 10

46

Numbers in Use

I

1

j$*s provesand fneir number of rak'ahs

.. - , s s ? 0 s 0 ? S ss

The Dawn Prayer: two rak'ahs

Tr-Zy Moon Prayer: four rak'ahs OL*fTj J&zi] 5*^Ca

me Afternoon Prayer: four rak'ahs

, , 0 s 0 fi s

oLo j

The Sunset Prayer: three rak'ahs 0 L0 J S^w?

|

? , ening Prayer; four rak'ahs

i

1 .

S S S > *9 * ' 0 -i

oIa5*j A-jjt ^LjuxJI 3^-v^

47

We have created you all out of a male and a female, and have made you into nations and tribes, soj

that you might come to know one another. Verily, the noblest of you in the sight of God is the one who|

is most deeply conscious of Him, (Surat al-Hujurat, ayah 13)j

Where are you from?

0x x Ox 0

- Where are you (m.) from?

-1 am from Jordan.

+ o 2 O X XX

. 0^j lii —

1 am Jordanian.

5 Ji 0 > XX

• ^ ui

-Where is she from?x x O.X 0

0?-

-She is from Pakistan ob—ru —

She is Pakistani.

xO XX

Selected Countries

Arabic in your exercise books.

1.

Where is he from?

He is from Iraq. He Is Iraqi,

2. Where is she from? *

She is from Syria. She is Syrian.

3. Is she British?

Yes, she is British.

4. is he Nigerian?

No, he is Somalian.

5. Are you (m.) from Bangladesh?

No, I'm from India, I am Indian.

6. Are you (f .)Palestinian?

No, I'm from Jordan. I am Jordanian.

7. Where are you (f.) from?

I am from Egypt. I am Egyptian,

8. Where are you (m.) from?

I am from Pakistan. I am Pakistani.

Afghanistan JUit Saudi Arabia

Pakistan;Kuwait x_, Xi!

Bangladesh Iraq

Malaysia Jordan

Indonesia X>\1 Emirates C'l

;to! •

Nigefia Qatar .M

Senegal Oman ju«X-

Kenyai

Egypt

India Yemen

Britain Palestine

England o Syria “XX

Scotland Lebanon

Ireland 3-uJjJ Sudan

America 1 Algeria u>?J-X x •

Canada Morocco

Australia

X X 9 i

‘^Lr~v*^ Tunisia j^r

China : Somalia Jlx*

Japan ObLJIj Turj<ey

France *-^r i Iran j ! i|

48