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Islamic Beliefs in Islamic Beliefs in Healing of Loss and Healing of Loss and
GriefGrief
By Nooria Mehraby
MD Kabul, MM (Pathology) Kabul,
M.Counsel UWS
Counsellor/Project Officer (Middle Eastern Communities
The N.S.W. Service for the Treatment And Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors
(S.T.A.R.T.T.S)
Afghan Refugees/Cross Cultural Counselling
1979 - 1989 RUSSIAN OCCUPATION
1989 - 1992 CIVIL WAR
1992 - 1994 CIVIL WAR (ISLAMIC GOVERNMENT)
1996 Taliban Occupies and destroys KABUL
2001 Taliban rules 85% of the country
(Taliban =“Knowledge Seekers”)
2001 US ‘War against Terror’
26 December 2001 : Interim Government
2 MILLION INTERNALLY DISPLACED
MORE THAN 1.5 MILLION PEOPLE KILLED
5 MILLION AFGHAN REFUGEES AROUND THE WORLD
Afghanistan: MORE THAN 25 YEARS OF WAR
Pashtun 38%
Tajik 25%
Uzbek 6%
Hazara 19%
Minor ethnic groups:
(Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others)
Ethnicity:
Afghan refugee children playing in the Afghan refugee children playing in the cemetery at cemetery at
Naser-Bagh Refugee Camp (Peshawar, Naser-Bagh Refugee Camp (Peshawar, Pakistan)Pakistan) Photo: Nooria Mehraby
Afghan refugees and a general view at Afghan refugees and a general view at
Naser-Bagh Refugee CampNaser-Bagh Refugee CampPhoto: Nooria Mehraby
Mud-brick house at Naser-Bagh Refugee Mud-brick house at Naser-Bagh Refugee CampCamp
Photo: Nooria Mehraby
Repairing a Mud Repairing a Mud
brick house at brick house at
Naser-Bagh Naser-Bagh
Refugee CampRefugee Camp
Photo: Nooria Mehraby
Child helping to build her house at Child helping to build her house at
Naser-Bagh Refugee CampNaser-Bagh Refugee CampPhoto: Nooria Mehraby
Water Supply at Naser-Bagh Refugee Water Supply at Naser-Bagh Refugee CampCamp
Photo: Nooria Mehrabi
Amputee Survivor of the war Amputee Survivor of the war
at Naser-Bagh Refugee Campat Naser-Bagh Refugee CampPhoto: Nooria Mehraby
Dying of cancer at Naser-Bagh Refugee Dying of cancer at Naser-Bagh Refugee CampCamp
Photo: Nooria Mehraby
Children Children
helping their helping their
relatives to relatives to
build a mud-build a mud-
brick house at brick house at
Naser-Bagh Naser-Bagh Refugee CampRefugee Camp
Photo: Nooria Mehraby
Child caring Child caring for her for her
brother at the brother at the “door” of “door” of
their house at their house at Naser-Bagh Naser-Bagh
Refugee CampRefugee Camp
Photo: Nooria Mehraby
Common Psychological Problems
• Post traumatic Stress
Symptoms
• Depression
• Generalized Anxiety
• Panic disorder
• Psychosomatic
problems(50%)
• Grief and loss
• Psychosis
Counselling Afghan Clients
Concept of Counseling
Safety
Exploration
Social reconnection
Practical Assistance
Spiritual Healings
Five Practices:Five Practices:
1.1. The “Shahada” that is bearing witness that there is The “Shahada” that is bearing witness that there is
no God but Allah and that Muhammad, p.b.u.h. no God but Allah and that Muhammad, p.b.u.h.
(Peace be upon him) is the last messenger of Allah,(Peace be upon him) is the last messenger of Allah,
2.2. Establishing regular prayer, (Salat)Establishing regular prayer, (Salat)
3.3. Fasting for the whole month of Ramadan Fasting for the whole month of Ramadan
4.4. Giving to charity regularly (Zakat),Giving to charity regularly (Zakat),
5.5. Pilgrimage to The Holy City of Mecca (Haj) once in a Pilgrimage to The Holy City of Mecca (Haj) once in a
lifetime if one can afford it.lifetime if one can afford it.
Islamic Burial and Death Islamic Burial and Death CustomsCustoms
BurialBurial
FuneralFuneral
MourningMourning
Type of lossType of loss
Babies and children Babies and children
Still BirthStill Birth
Miscarriage and abortionMiscarriage and abortion
SpouseSpouse
Parents Parents
Suicide Suicide
The Qur’an says” Do not The Qur’an says” Do not
Commit Suicide ,as God is Commit Suicide ,as God is
merciful to you merciful to you
“(Qur’an:Surah 4,verse 29)“(Qur’an:Surah 4,verse 29)
Predominant AffectsPredominant Affects
Muslims consider a person who committed Muslims consider a person who committed suicide, as someone who has turned suicide, as someone who has turned his/her back on Islam; his/her back on Islam;
ShameShame
Guilt Guilt
AngerAnger
DisgraceDisgrace
StigmaStigma
FearFear
A Hadith states that the actions of a A Hadith states that the actions of a person, acting out of a disturbed person, acting out of a disturbed mind cannot be held against the mind cannot be held against the person.person.
““If a person has in the heart the goodness If a person has in the heart the goodness to the weight of one atom, and has said, to the weight of one atom, and has said, there is no God but Me, he/she shall there is no God but Me, he/she shall come out of Hell-fire” Qur’an (21:47)come out of Hell-fire” Qur’an (21:47)
Quotes from Scriptures..Quotes from Scriptures..
Divine DecreeDivine Decree
Muslims believe that Allah Muslims believe that Allah
creates every soul and life, creates every soul and life,
and that life is a gift from God.and that life is a gift from God.
Divine Decree cont…
Muslims believe that there is life after death,
that Allah appoints
a time for each person to pass from this
existence into the next and that death is
unavoidable and will take place when the
time is right.
Trial and TestTrial and Test
“Be sure we shall test you with something of
fear and hunger, some loss in goods, lives and
the fruits of your toil, but give glad tiding to
those who patiently persevere. Who say, when
afflicted with calamity: To Allah we belong, and
to Him is our return”
(Qur’an: 2:155).
Patience Brings Reward
“I have no reward other than paradise for my believing
servant who is patient when I take away one of his beloved
from among his companions of the world”
Qur’an: 63
“what ever trouble, illness, anxiety, grief, pain and sorrow
afflicts a Muslim, even if it is the pricking of a thorn-Allah
removes some of his sins because of it”Hadith
Self InitiativeSelf Initiative
““Surely God does not change Surely God does not change
the condition in which people the condition in which people
are until they change that are until they change that
which is in which is in
themselves”Qur’an (13:11)themselves”Qur’an (13:11)..
Positive ThinkingPositive Thinking
• ““So the fact is that along with every So the fact is that along with every hardship there is also ease, indeed, with hardship there is also ease, indeed, with every hardship there is also ease” every hardship there is also ease” Qur’an(94:5-6)Qur’an(94:5-6)
• ““It may well be that Allah brings about It may well be that Allah brings about ease after hardship” Qur’an(65:7).ease after hardship” Qur’an(65:7).
• ““You should know that victory comes with You should know that victory comes with patience, and relief comes after distress, patience, and relief comes after distress, and that with every hardship there is also and that with every hardship there is also ease”.ease”.HadithHadith
Devotion to Allah
“He guides to Himself those who turn to Him in
penitence, those who believe and whose heart has
rest in the remembrance of Allah. Verily in
remembrance of Allah, do hearts find rest. (Qur’an
13:27-28).
Mercy and ForgivenessMercy and Forgiveness
““And I have said: seek And I have said: seek
forgiveness from your Lord. forgiveness from your Lord.
He was ever forgiving”He was ever forgiving”
Qur’an 7Qur’an 71:101:10
Professional Professional AssistanceAssistance
““Seek treatment’s slaves of Allah, for Seek treatment’s slaves of Allah, for
Allah did not create a disease except Allah did not create a disease except
He created a cure for it”He created a cure for it”HadithHadith
““Looking after your self is the Looking after your self is the
obligation of each Muslim”.obligation of each Muslim”. Hadith Hadith
Culturally Appropriate Counselling Culturally Appropriate Counselling Techniques…Techniques…
Challenging and reframing Challenging and reframing distorted thinkingdistorted thinking
Prayer for God’s mercy and Prayer for God’s mercy and forgivenessforgiveness
Psycho-spiritual educationPsycho-spiritual education