Islamic Art and Architecture 2009

8/3/2019 Islamic Art and Architecture 2009

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Art & Architecture of the Middle

East and North AfricaBy Michelle Peck Williams


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REVIEW of the Middle East Canaan/Israel/Palestine

The Hebrews/Israelites/Jews

Judaism

Monotheism

Abraham (2000 BC?)

Jerusalem

Torah (Old Testament to Christians) Graven Imageconcept

Christianity

Jesus (4BC?)

Builds on Judaism but adds Jesus teachings,belief in Jesus as Messiah

Romans

Expel Jews, destroy temple in 70 AD

Persecute Christians but convert in 300s


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History of Islam 7th Century AD

Religion ofIslam started by Muhammad, in

what is now SaudiArabia. Muslims arefollowers, Islam is the religion.

8th Century AD & on

Islamic empire spreads throughout the MiddleEast, North Africa, Spain, Pakistan, India,

Bangladesh, Indonesia, etc.

1453

Ottoman Turks (Muslims) take overConstantinople & the Byzantine Empire,

renaming it Istanbul. 1492

Christians Ferdinand and Isabella defeat andkick out all the Muslims in Spain.


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Art Strict rules about graven images

meant you could NOT make a

picture of statue of God, a holyperson, etc.

Muhammads face is usually notshown.

Books can show historical

images but they are not forpraying to.

Some rules relaxed later in someplaces, like Iran (Persians).

So, instead, Islamic art focused onREPETITION, using: Geometric patterns

Arabesques

Calligraphy


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Geometric patterns


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Arabesques (curved designs)


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Calligraphy:Fancy Writing


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IslamicArchitecture

Mosque: place of worship


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Many mosques feature columns,domes and arches.


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Islamic architecture often uses anatrium plan.


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Minarets arethe towers

where themuezzin callspeople to

prayer.


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Inside, mosques are carpeted andyou must remove your shoes.


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Famous Mosques

The Kaaba, in Mecca, Saudi Arabia


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Famous Mosques

Medina


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Famous Mosques

The Dome of the Rock, inJerusalem, Israel


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More Dome of the Rock


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Dome of the Rock Interior


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Famous Mosques

The Great Mosque of Cordoba inSpain


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Other Famous Architecture:

The Taj Mahal in India

Its a tomb, but it looks like aMosque.

Built by Shah Jahan, a Muslim rulerof India in the 1600s.


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Other Famous Architecture

TheAlhambra in Spain

Its a palace (house).

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More Alhambra

lh b


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More Alhambra

M Alh b


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More Alhambra

M Alh b


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More Alhambra

W t


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Water Because they were a

desert culture, the earlyMuslims valued waterhighly, and oftenincorporated it intoarchitectural design.

Water is used forwashing before prayers,5 times a day.


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Y PROJECT


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Your PROJECT

Create an Islamic-style GeometricKaleidoscope design.

It must have RADIAL BALANCE.

You must color the whole thingwith RADIAL BALANCE with 3 or

more colors to get full credit.

I l i E it Sli


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Islamic Exit Slips

A. Explain ONE way the

BELIEFS of Islaminfluence the ART.

B. Explain ONE way youused Islamic style to

create your design.

Documents

Islamic Art and Architecture 2009