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Islam Review. Identifications. Muslim: person who follows Islam Ka ’ aba: Islam ’ s holiest shrine – located in Mecca – Arabic for cube Bedouin: desert nomads Hadith: sayings and teachings of Muhammad that did not come directly from the Angel Gabriel - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Islam Review
IdentificationsMuslim: person who follows Islam
Ka’aba: Islam’s holiest shrine – located in Mecca – Arabic for cube
Bedouin: desert nomads
Hadith: sayings and teachings of Muhammad that did not come directly from the Angel Gabriel
Mecca: birthplace of Islam; holiest site2
IdentificationsMosque: Muslim place of worship
Medina: first Islamic community, 2nd Holy city, Muhammad gains political and religious power
Hejira: 622 – Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina; marks first expansion of Islam
Ramadan: Muslim religious holiday of fasting and prayer: commemorates when
Muhammad first received the Qur’an from the Angel Gabriel
IdentificationsNight of Power: holiest night in Islam: Gabriel first
appears to MuhammadEid ul-Fitr: Muslim feast that celebrates end of RamadanPeople of the Book: Islamic term for Jews and ChristiansShariah: Islamic law = Qur’an and HadithJihad: inner struggle to fulfill one’s religious duties + holy war in defense of Islam
IdentificationsHalal: “permissible,” with respect to food and drink: no pork or alcoholAllah: Arabic word for GodSunni: sect of Islam: believed caliph could be anyone qualifiedShi’ite: believed caliph should be direct descendant of MuhammadCaliph: religious and secular leader of Islam
IdentificationsUmayyad Caliphate: Capital was Damascus, Syria Predominantly Sunni Emphasis on Arab language and culture
IdentificationsAbbassid Caliphate: Capital was Baghdad More inclusive of other people: Persians, Turks,
Indians First 100 years was known as the Golden Age of
Muslim Rule
Identify the Five Pillars of Islam
1. Declaration of Faith (Shahada)
“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His Prophet.”
2. Prayers (Salah) 5 X/day: face Mecca
3. Charity (Sawm): give to the old & poor
4. Fasting (Zakat): during Ramadan
5 .Pilgrimage (Hajj): must complete a pilgrimage to Mecca
What are the two major sects of Islam: Reason for split?Two main branches of Islam:Sunni: caliph can be anyone qualifiedShi’ite = caliph must be a direct descendant of Muhammad
Give three reasons for the spread of Islam in the 7th century.1. The Arab armies were united in their beliefs2. Weakness of Byzantine and Sassanid Empires3. Many people welcomed the Arabs as liberators4. Imposition of the jizya, or non-believer tax5. Jihad or Holy War
List three lasting contributions of Islamic CivilizationMade advances in medicine, mathematics, and
architectureImprovements in navigation: mariner’s compass
and astrolabeBeautiful poetry Arabian Nights, The Rubaiyat
Muslim scholars preserved much Classical Knowledge
List three similarities between the three monotheistic religions:1. Concept of social justice and human equality2. Belief in an afterlife3. Recognized many of the same Prophets4. Holy Bible was considered holy5. Both emphasized prayer and charity
The Dome of the Rock
The Ka’aba
The Alhambra
The Taj Mahal
The Al Masjid Mosque in Mecca
True/False QuestionsExamples:1. The Hadith is a sacred text in Islam, because it
is the direct word of God communicated to Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel.
2. The Abbassid Caliphate was short-lived because it did not allow people of other ethnic backgrounds into positions of power.
Multi-Blank Multiple Choice
Example:Muhammad was a __________ who, at the age of 40, was first visited by __________. He then began to recite the ________.a) Soldier; God; the Holy Bibleb) merchant; the Angel Gabriel; the Qur’anc) Farmer; the Angel Gabriel; Hadithd) Bedouin tribesman; Abraham; the Torah