Islam and Geography

Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

Deserts • Only a small __________ of _____________ land in

____________ of ____________ _____________

• Few ___________

• The rest is ____________

Bedouins

• _____________ who live in the desert

• Organized into tribes and _________

– Clans give ______________ and

_______________ since they live in

______________ conditions

– __________________ themselves from

other __________ who wanted

____________, ____________ territory,

______________________ or food supplies

Islamic Way of Life

• Bedouin _____________

– ____________

– ____________to family

– Warrior _________

• This would ____________

to _________________

way of __________.

Trade Routes• Many __________

__________ connected

_____________ to major

_________ and

_________ trade

_________

• Extreme _________

of the peninsula

– To the

______________ in

the north

– ______________

____________ went

to the _________

__________ in the

east

– Transported

_________ to the

west

Middle East& Islamic World

Mecca

• Located in ____________ _________

• ________________ __________ on trade routes

• During _________ ____________, caravans stopped

in Mecca and this brought ________________

pilgrims who came to _____________ at

the_____________

Kaaba

* Over the years many

__________________ gods and

___________ were

__________________ here

• Had over ________ idols

brought by many _________

• After Muhammad __________ some Muslims

– __________________ to pay _________

– Tried to say they were __________________ themselves

– Some tribes ________________ Islam

• In order to get things under ________________ , Abu-Bakr used the ______________ to get ________________

Notes: The Spread Of Islam

100%Islam

• Muhammad dies in __________

• Muslims now had to find a new _______________

• Muhammad did _________ ______________ a

_______________________

CrisisSolution

• Muslims chose _________

_________ who was a

loyal _______________of

____________________

• He became the first

_____________

• Caliph – (kay-lif) _______

______________________

______________________

Abu-Bakr

Muslim State• By the time Abu ____________, the Muslim state controlled _______ of _______________

• Under the next 2 caliphs they took:

– ___________

– Lower ______________

– Parts of _________________

• By ___________ they controlled from the __________________ Ocean to the _____________ River (2x the width

of the ___________!!)

Muslim Troops

• They were successful because they were

– Willing to ________________ till the end for ______________

– Well _________________________

– Expertly ___________________

• __________________ were not used to their style of __________________Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

Byzantine and Persia • The ______________________ and _______________ were already weak from long time _______________

• The people _________________ Islam

Treatment of Conquered People

• Muslims were _________________ of _________________ people

• The Quran forbids _________________ conversion

– They let others keep their _________________ if they paid a __________ ________

– People who did not ___________________ were not allowed to ____________ their own ____________________

Internal ConflictInternal Conflict•The 2 __________ after Abu Bakr were __________•________ their assassinations, the __________ system of __________ caliphs ________

Umayyads•A __________ that came to power in 661 •They set up a ___________ _________ of getting new __________•They moved the __________ __________ to ___________•_____________ themselves with ________•Some Muslims did not ________ with the __________ and _______

The Split•Muslims split into two groups:1. 2.

SHI’AThought the __________ should be a __________ of __________

SUNNIThis __________ followed the Umayyad rule and followed __________ example.

SufiAnother group who __________ against the _______ life of the __________They led a life of __________ and __________ to the __________ life of ________They __________ and __________ Focused on the __________

Muslim Achievement: Cultural Contributions

Muslim Architecture

Cultural Blending

• It is in _________________ that

the ___________ __________

__________ can be seen

• Already __________ buildings

were __________ by

__________ Ideals

• Islamic Features:

– Multi-lobed ______________

arches

– __________

– ______________

– Large ________________

• __________ built from

where __________ are called

to ____________ 5 times a

day

Minarets

Mosaics

• ______________ created using tiny pieces of __________ glass __________

• Muslims use __________ to create ______________

__________________ on ____________

Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

Arabic Alphabet

• ____________ was ________ used to

____________ the ____________ of

the ____________ (The Holy Book of

__________)

• Written from ____________ to

____________ Made up of _____

letters

Calligraphy

• Art of beautiful ____________ In

Islam, showing __________

things in _______ was not

____________

• So ____________ turned to

calligraphy to ____________

themselves.

• Turn to page 247 in books

• Muhammad ____________

believed in the ________ of

____________

• This led to ____________of

places of learning by ________

Leaders

• Qualified ____________ = treat

the sick

• Mathematicians and Astronomers

= ____________ times for

_________

Universities

Muslim Achievement Part 2: Scientific Contributions

Math

• Arabic ____________ were

__________ from ________

• Included the number _________

• _______ to study of __________

which helped _______________

lenses for _______________ and

__________________

Medical Advances

• The __________________

Book – An

___________________ of

______________ using

knowledge from Greek,

__________, Arabic and

_________ sources of

knowledge

Science • Relied on Scientific

________________ and

___________________

• Translated and studied

___________ texts

Astrolabe?

• What is it?

• What does it measure?

• What is it compared to?

• Describe this device.

Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.