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Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. इंटरनेट मानक !ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-णSatyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda “Invent a New India Using Knowledge” प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफJawaharlal Nehru “Step Out From the Old to the New” जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकारMazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” !ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह Bharthari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” IS/ISO 6873 (1998): Dental Gypsum Products [MHD 8: Dentistry]

IS/ISO 6873 (1998): Dental Gypsum Products · Type 1: Dental plaster, impression Type 2: Dental plaster, model Type 3: Dental stone, model Type 4: Dental stone, die, high strength,

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Page 1: IS/ISO 6873 (1998): Dental Gypsum Products · Type 1: Dental plaster, impression Type 2: Dental plaster, model Type 3: Dental stone, model Type 4: Dental stone, die, high strength,

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS/ISO 6873 (1998): Dental Gypsum Products [MHD 8:Dentistry]

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IS/ISO 6873 : 1998

© BIS 2011

B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D SMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

Hkkjrh; ekud

nar ftIle mRikn

Indian Standard

DENTAL GYPSUM PRODUCTS

ICS 11.060.10

December 2011 Price Group 6

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Dentistry Sectional Committee, MHD 08

This Indian Standard which is identical with ISO 6873 : 1998 ‘Dental gypsum products’ issued by theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standardson the recommendation of the Dentistry Sectional Committee and approval of the Medical Equipmentand Hospital Planning Division Council.

The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard withoutdeviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards.Attention is particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they shouldbe read as ‘Indian Standard’.

b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the currentpractice is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.

In this adopted standard, reference appear to the following International Standard for which IndianStandard also exists. The corresponding Indian Standard which is to be substituted in its place islisted below along with its degree of equivalence for the edition indicated:

International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of Equivalence

ISO 3696: 1987 Water for analyticallaboratory use — Specification andtest methods

IS 1070 : 1992 Reagent grade water— Specification (third revision)

Technically Equivalent

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, thefinal value, observed or calculated expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off inaccordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number ofsignificant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified valuein this standard.

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1 Scope

This International Standard gives a classification of, and specifies requirements for, gypsum products used fordental purposes such as making oral impressions, moulds, casts or dies. It specifies the test methods to beemployed to determine compliance with these requirements. It also includes requirements for the labelling ofpackaging and for adequate instructions to accompany each package.

2 Normative reference

The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of thisInternational Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject torevision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintainregisters of currently valid International Standards.

ISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods.

3 Definition

For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definition applies.

3.1dental gypsum productdental product composed essentially of hemihydrate of calcium sulfate and any necessary modifiers

NOTE Colouring matter and flavouring, if present, are regarded as necessary modifiers.

4 Classification and designation

The five types of gypsum product used in dentistry are classified in accordance with this International Standard asfollows:

Type 1: Dental plaster, impression

Type 2: Dental plaster, model

Type 3: Dental stone, model

Type 4: Dental stone, die, high strength, low expansion

Type 5: Dental stone, die, high strength, high expansion

DENTAL GYPSUM PRODUCTS

Indian Standard

IS/ISO 6873 : 1998

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5 Requirements

5.1 Quality

The material shall be uniform and free from foreign matter and lumps, and when mixed according to themanufacturer's instructions shall produce a homogeneous mix.

5.2 Fluidity at pouring time (Type 1 materials only)

When tested according to 7.2 at a pouring time of 1,25 min, the fluidity of type 1 materials shall be equal to orgreater than 70 mm.

5.3 Setting time

When tested according to 7.3, the setting time of type 1 materials shall be in the range of 2,5 min to 5,0 min and thesetting time of all material types shall be within 20 % of the value claimed by the manufacturer in 8.3 c). If themanufacturer claims a range of setting time, then the midpoint of this range is taken as the value claimed by themanufacturer.

5.4 Linear setting expansion

When tested according to 7.4, the setting expansion shall be within the range listed in table 1.

Table 1

Compressive strength

Type Setting expansion range MPa

% min. max.

1 0 to 0,15 4,0 8,0

2 0 to 0,30 9,0 —

3 0 to 0,20 20,0 —

4 0 to 0,15 35,0 —

5 0,16 to 0,30 35,0 —

5.5 Fracture (Type 1 materials only)

When broken in accordance with 7.5, Type 1 impression plaster shall break with a clean fracture and be readilyreassembled to form the shape and size of the original unbroken specimen.

5.6 Compressive strength

When tested according to 7.6, the compressive strength shall meet the requirements of table 1.

5.7 Reproduction of detail

Types 1 and 2 when tested according to 7.7, line (c) in figure 3 a) shall be reproduced.

Types 3, 4 and 5 when tested according to 7.7, line (a) in figure 3 a) shall be reproduced.

IS/ISO 6873 : 1998

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6 Sampling

6.1 Sampling

Material selected for testing shall be from one batch and shall not be tested beyond its "Use Before" date [8.2.1 g)].Powder from broken or damaged containers shall not be used for testing.

6.2 Test conditions

All mixing and testing of the dental gypsum product shall be carried out at (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 10) % relativehumidity. All apparatus and instruments used in mixing and testing shall be clean, dry and free from particles ofgypsum. Before testing begins, material and test apparatus shall be held for at least 15 h at the test temperature.

6.3 Mixing method

Mix by one of the methods (hand or mechanical) specified by the manufacturer in the instructions [8.3 b)], usingwater which meets the requirements of ISO 3696.

7 Test methods

7.1 Inspection

Determine compliance with the requirements given in 5.1, 5.5 and 5.7 by visual inspection (without magnification,unless as stated in 7.7).

7.2 Fluidity at pouring time for Type 1 materials

7.2.1 Apparatus

7.2.1.1 Cylindrical mould, clean and dry, having a length of (50,0 ± 0,1) mm and an inside diameter of(35,0 ± 0,1) mm constructed from a corrosion-resistant, non-absorbent material.

7.2.1.2 Glass plate, clean, dry and smooth, with sides of length at least 100 mm.

7.2.1.3 Means of measuring the major and minor diameters of the slumped mix to the nearest millimetre, such asa micrometer caliper.

7.2.2 Procedure

Rest the glass plate (7.2.1.2) on a surface that is free of vibration. Place the mould (7.2.1.1) upright on the centre ofthe plate. Add (100 ± 0,1) g of the sample to the manufacturer’s recommended quantity of water and mix asdescribed in 6.3. Completely fill the mould and level off the mixed material so that it is flush with the top of themould. At 1,25 min after the start of mixing, lift the mould vertically from the plate at a rate of approximately 10 mm/sand allow the mix to slump or spread over the plate. One minute after the mould is lifted, measure the major andminor axes of the slumped material to the nearest millimetre. Record the average of these two diameters as thefluidity at pouring time.

7.2.3 Evaluation

Carry out the test two times. If both average values meet the requirements for fluidity at pouring time listed in 5.2,then the material meets the requirement for fluidity of this International Standard. If neither meets the requirementlisted in table 1, then the material fails to meet the requirement. If one average value meets the requirement for

IS/ISO 6873 : 1998

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fluidity and the other fails, carry out three more tests. If all three of these average values meet the requirement forfluidity (5.2), then the material meets the requirement for fluidity of this International Standard. Otherwise it fails.

7.3 Setting time

7.3.1 Apparatus

7.3.1.1 Vicat needle apparatus , an example of which is shown in figure 1, meeting the following requirements:

a) Vicat needle (C), 50 mm long, of circular cross-section and with a diameter of (1 6 0,05) mm.

b) Rod (B), of approximate dimensions 270 mm long and 10 mm in diameter.

c) Total mass of the rod and needle (A, B and C in figure 1) shall be (300 6 1) g.

d) Scale (D), graduated in millimetres.

e) Baseplate (H) of plate glass, measuring about 100 mm × 100 mm.

7.3.1.2 Clean, dry conical ring mould, constructed from a corrosion-resistant, nonabsorbent material, having aninside diameter of 70 mm at the top and 60 mm at the base, and a height of 40 mm.

7.3.2 Procedure

Add 400 g of the sample to the manufacturer's recommended quantity of distilled water and mix as described in 6.3.Fill the mould (7.3.1.2) completely and level the specimen flush with the top of the mould. Using the Vicat needleapparatus (7.3.1.1) and beginning 1 min or 2 min prior to the anticipated setting time (usually at the loss of gloss orexcess water), allow the needle to penetrate the mix at (15 ± 1) s intervals as follows.

a) Move the mould to allow the next penetration to be in a new area which is at least 5 mm from the mould walland from any other penetration mark.

b) Wipe the needle clean and then bring its tip into contact with the surface of the mix and lock the rod in positionwith the lock screw.

c) Read the scale and, at the appropriate time, release the rod. Note the new position of the scale and calculatethe depth of penetration.

d) Record the setting time as the total time from the start of mixing to the time when the needle first fails topenetrate the specimen to a depth of at least 2 mm.

7.3.3 Evaluation

Carry out the test two times. If both measurements meet the requirement for setting time (5.3), then the materialmeets the requirement for setting time of this International Standard. If neither meets the requirement for settingtime, then the material fails to meet the requirements for setting time of this International Standard. If onemeasurement meets the requirement for setting time and the other fails, carry out three more tests. If all three ofthese measurements meet the requirement for setting time, then the material meets the requirement for setting timeof this International Standard. Otherwise the material fails.

IS/ISO 6873 : 1998

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Key

A Additional weight

B Rod

C Vicat needle

D Scale

E Lock screw

F Support bracket

G Conical ring mould

H Baseplate

Figure 1 — Typical Vicat needle apparatus (see 7.3.1.1)

IS/ISO 6873 : 1998

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7.4 Linear setting expansion

7.4.1 Apparatus and materials

7.4.1.1 Extensometer , as shown in figure 2, and producing a specimen with a length of 100 mm. The apparatus isfitted with a device which measures change in length to within 0,01 mm and exerts a measuring force which is nogreater than 0,8 N. The internal cross-section of the trough shall be an isosceles triangle with internal side lengthsof (30 ± 1) mm. One end of the trough shall be blocked with an immovable endpiece and the other with a movableendpiece having a mass of (200 ± 10) g.

On the inside of this trough a horizontal line shall be scribed so as to define a triangle with included sides of length(25 ± 1) mm.

7.4.1.2 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sheet; 0,1 mm to 0,2 mm thick.

7.4.1.3 Mould-release agent.

Dimensions in millimetres

Key

A Trough

B PTFE sheet

C Movable endpiece

D Gauge support

E Dial gauge or equivalent

F Immovable endpiece

Figure 2 — Example of suitable extensometer

IS/ISO 6873 : 1998

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7.4.2 Procedure

Line the trough with the PTFE sheet (7.4.1.2).

Apply the mould-release agent (7.4.1.3) to the trough endpieces that contact the material being tested. Pour themix, prepared as described in 6.3, into the trough until the dental gypsum product is level with the scribed line in thetrough. Cover the top surface of the trough with PTFE sheet. Measure the initial length of the specimen. Take theinitial reading (60 ± 1) s prior to the setting time as determined in 7.3.

Take the final reading at (120 ± 1) min from the beginning of the mix and determine the change in length to thenearest 0,01 mm. Calculate the setting expansion as a percentage of the original length to the nearest 0,01 %.

7.4.3 Evaluation

Perform two tests. If both measurements meet the requirement for linear setting expansion listed in table 1, then thematerial meets the requirement for linear setting expansion of this International Standard. If neither meets therequirement listed in table 1, then the material fails to meet the requirements for linear setting expansion of thisInternational Standard. If one measurement meets the requirement for linear setting expansion and the other fails,carry out three more tests. If all three of these measurements meet the requirement listed in table 1, then thematerial meets the requirement for linear setting expansion of this International Standard. Otherwise it fails.

7.5 Fracture

7.5.1 Procedure

Add (100 ± 1) g of Type 1 impression plaster to the recommended quantity of distilled water and mix as described in6.3. Pour the mix into a mould which will form a specimen approximately 25 mm × 12 mm × 3 mm. Two minutesafter the setting time specified by the manufacturer [8.3 c)], break the specimen, in bending, by hand into two piecesapproximately 12 mm × 12 mm × 3 mm. Carry out the test two times.

7.5.2 Evaluation

Evaluate as described in 5.5. If both tests meet the requirements of 5.5 then the material passes, and if neithermeets the requirements then the material fails. If one meets the requirement and one does not, then perform thetest three more times. If all three of these tests meet the requirement, then the material meets the requirement.Otherwise it fails.

7.6 Compressive strength

7.6.1 Apparatus

7.6.1.1 Clean, dry moulds , constructed from nonabsorbent corrosion-resistant material, sufficient to produce fivespecimens. Each mould shall have a diameter of (20 ± 0,2) mm and a length of (40 ± 0,4 mm).

7.6.1.2 Glass plates, of sufficient number and size to cover the top and bottom of each mould.

7.6.1.3 Compressive strength tester , adjusted to give a loading rate of (5 ± 2) kN/min.

NOTE When using a testing machine with a constant cross-head rate, this rate is adjusted so the average rate of loadingbetween the initial application of the load and the failure of the specimen is (5 ± 2) kN/min. Trial specimens are run todetermine the appropriate cross-head speed.

7.6.2 Procedure

Add (300 ± 1) g of sample to the recommended quantity of distilled water and mix as described in 6.3. If necessaryto facilitate the production of defect free specimens, use more than one such mix. Pour the mix down the inside of

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each inclined mould (7.6.1.1) retained on a glass plate (7.6.1.2) and overfill each mould slightly. Vibrate the mouldgently while filling (maximum 30 s) in order to minimize the formation of air bubbles. Before the glossy surface hasdisappeared from the mix, level the specimen flush with the top of the mould by pressing the second glass platefirmly into contact with the top surface of the mould. At (45 ± 1) min from the start of mixing, split the moulds,remove the specimens and store in air at (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 10) % relative humidity. At (60 ± 5) min after thestart of mixing, test five specimens to failure using the compressive strength tester (7.6.1.3) and record themaximum force (F) applied.

NOTE The compressive strength of individual specimens of certain type 4 and type 5 materials can exceed not only therequirement of this specification but also the capacity of the available testing equipment. If specimens, when tested, reach thecapacity of the testing equipment without failing and if the load applied would allow the minimum requirement for compressivestrength to be met, then they do not need to be tested to failure. The maximum load applied should be used to calculate thevalue of S for the specimen involved.

7.6.3 Evaluation

For each specimen tested, calculate the maximum stress (S) expressed in megapascals, using the recordedmaximum force (F) expressed in newtons as follows:

S = F/314

If four of the five specimens tested meet the requirement for compressive strength listed in table 1, then the materialmeets the requirement of this International Standard for compressive strength. If only three of the five specimensmeet the requirement listed in table 1, then a second series of five specimens shall be tested. If all five of thissecond series meet the requirement for compressive strength listed in table 1, then the material meets therequirement of this International Standard for compressive strength. Otherwise it fails.

7.7. Reproduction of detail

7.7.1 Apparatus

7.7.1.1 Test block and various auxiliary components as shown in figure 3.

7.7.1.2 Dental silicone duplicating material and instructions for its use.

7.7.1.3 Flat metal or glass plate, sufficiently large to cover the testing components described in 7.7.1.1.

7.7.1.4 Suitable instrument or other means of applying a 1500 g load .

7.7.1.5 Microscope, with a magnification of 43 to 63 and a light source capable of providing low-angleillumination.

7.7.2 Procedure

7.7.2.1 Preparation of an impression of the ruled block

The ring mould [figure 3 b)] may be coated with mould-release agent. Clean the ruled block [figure 3 a)] with asolvent before use but do not lubricate. If the duplicating material adheres to the block, lightly dust the block withtalcum powder as an aid to separation. Blow away excess powder.

Place the mould (b) upon the test block (a). Mix the duplicating material according to the instructions for its use andslightly overfill the mould (b). Immediately cover the mould with the flat plate (7.7.1.3) and apply a load of(1500 ± 5) g for (5 ± 1) s. Remove the load and allow the duplicating material to set. Remove the plate and separatethe mould and test block in such a way as to minimize distortion.

Using the microscope (7.7.1.5), view the impression of the test block with the lines formed from the baseplateuppermost. Make sure that the line being evaluated [figure 3 a)] has been clearly reproduced for the full lengthbetween the lines (d). If the line has not been clearly reproduced, repeat the preparation of the impression with anynecessary changes in technique until a satisfactory impression is obtained.

IS/ISO 6873 : 1998

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Dimensions in millimetres, unless otherwise specifiedTolerances: ± 0,1 mm, unless otherwise specified

Surface roughness (values in micrometres) of ruled surface: 0,1; other surfaces: 0,4

Figure 3 — Apparatus for detail reproduction

IS/ISO 6873 : 1998

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7.7.2.2 Preparation of gypsum cast

Take the mould (b) which retains the impression and fit the mould (c) (figure 3) to it.

After the time given in the manufacturer's instructions for the separation of the model from an impression, add(300 ± 1) g of the dental gypsum product being tested to the manufacturer's recommended quantity of distilled waterand mix as described in 6.3. Pour the mixed gypsum product against the impression with gentle vibration so as tocompletely fill the mould. Store the poured impression in air at (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 10) % relative humidity for(60 ± 1) min.

Separate the gypsum cast from the duplicating material and examine under low-angle illumination using themicroscope (7.7.1.5). Report the condition of the line.

7.7.3 Evaluation

If the line (5.7) is complete, then the material meets this requirement for reproduction of detail of this InternationalStandard. If the line is not complete, then repeat this test two more times. If either test gives an incomplete line, thenthe material does not meet the requirements for reproduction of detail of this International Standard. If both repeattests give a complete line, then the material meets this requirement for reproduction of detail of this InternationalStandard.

8 Packaging, marking and information to be supplied by the manufacturer

8.1 Packaging

The material shall be packed in protective, moisture-proof containers that will neither contaminate nor alter thephysical properties of the material.

8.2 Labelling

8.2.1 External container

Each external container of material shall be clearly marked with the following information:

a) trade or brand name of the material;

b) manufacturer's name and address and/or that of the agent in the country of sale;

c) type of material and its application;

d) colour, if other than white;

e) flavour, if any;

f) net mass of the contents, in SI units;

g) the "Use Before" date, beyond which the material may not exhibit optimum properties;

h) recommended storage conditions;

i) a statement that gypsum products are subject to deterioration when exposed to the atmosphere, particularly ifthe humidity is high.

j) the manufacturer's batch reference number.

IS/ISO 6873 : 1998

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8.2.2 Individual packets

When an external container contains packets that are intended to be individual units of use, each packet shall bemarked with at least the following information:

a) brand or trade name of the material;

b) name or trademark of the manufacturer and/or supplier and their address;

c) net mass of the contents, in grams;

d) required amount of liquid, in millilitres.

e) manufacturer's batch reference number;

f) type of material and its application.

8.3 Information to be supplied by the manufacturer

Instructions for manipulation and use shall accompany each external package and shall include the followinginformation:

a) recommended water/powder ratio, expressed as millilitres of liquid to grams of powder;

b) recommended mixing technique, including the recommended equipment, equipment settings where appropriateand the times allowed for adding the powder to the water, soaking the powder and spatulating the mix by handand/or mechanical spatulation.

c) setting time;

d) setting expansion;

e) any special working methods or treatment recommended by the manufacturer.

IS/ISO 6873 : 1998

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Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promoteharmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification ofgoods and attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of the these publications may be reproduced inany form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in thecourse of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or gradedesignations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards arealso reviewed periodically; a standard alongwith amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicatesthat no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision.Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments oredition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:

Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002Telephones: 2323 0131, 2323 3375, 2323 9402 Website: www.bis.org.in

Regional Offices: Telephones

Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 2323 7617NEW DELHI 110002 2323 3841

Eastern : 1/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Kankurgachi 2337 8499, 2337 8561KOLKATA 700054 2337 8626, 2337 9120

Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 260 3843260 9285

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Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. DEHRADUN.FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW.NAGPUR. PARWANOO. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.VISAKHAPATNAM.

Published by BIS, New Delhi

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: MHD 08 (0103).