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ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Mike Palladino & Deke KassabianUniversity of Pennsylvania
Educause National 2006October 2006
Production Quality Open Source VoIP: Next Generation
Telephony at Penn
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Copyright Michael Palladino & Dikran Kassabian [2006]. This work is the intellectual property of the authors. Permission is granted for this material to be shared for non-commercial, educational purposes, provided that this copyright statement appears on the reproduced materials and notice is given that the copying is by permission of the author. To disseminate otherwise or to republish requires written permission from the authors.
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Agenda
• Background, Organization, Business and Motivation Discussion – Mike Palladino
• Project and Technology – Deke Kassabian
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Background: Penn
• A private, Ivy League university in Philadelphia, PA founded in 1740
• 22,000 students/4,000 faculty/13,000 staff
• 7500 students live on campus• 9000+ students, staff and faculty live in the surrounding community
• Health System has separate management–IT division outsourced/15,000 users
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Background: Information Systems & Computing
• ISC is the central computing group– 300 technical staff/contractors
• CIO (Robin Beck) reports to Provost and EVP for administration– Three main groups
• Administrative Systems• Support & Security• Networking & Telecommunications
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Background: Networking & Telecommunications
• 100 technical staff/contractors• 100% direct charge budget • 25,000 phone lines/12,000 voicemail users• 50,000 IP addresses/14,000 email accounts• 9,000 analog video connections• 40+ services from wiring, to digital video, to R&D for emerging technologies
• Internet2 GigaPop (MAGPI)/38 institutional subscribers
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Our Vision
• A unified staff delivering excellent, integrated (data, voice and video) systems and services over one converged, highly reliable, robust IP network capable of handling today’s applications and tomorrow’s innovations.
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Leadership Role-Convergence Readiness
• Organizational• Technical • Financial
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Organization
• Networking, Telecommunications and Video Groups merged in 2000
• Much staff re-education has taken place
• In the past 6 years, 109 staff/contractors changed
• New organization is nearly fully integrated and increasingly well cross-trained
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Organizational Convergence• Consciously avoided silos through
integration of data, voice and video staff with similar jobs– Centralized Finance Group– Consolidated asset and contract management
– Centralized help desk – Single Operations & Infrastructure Groups
– Single Video Group (analog, streaming, digital, production, podcasts)
– Single Network Management Group– Emerging services group developing
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Technical Convergence
• Implemented through Next Generation PennNet Project– Provide infrastructure foundation for next generation data, voice and video services
– Eliminate single points of failure– Network redundancy to every campus building
– Reduce catastrophic disaster recovery time from 2 weeks to under 2 hours
– Self-healing routing core and services
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Campus Map
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
NAP5WESTERN TIER
LEVY
NAP3SOUTHERN TIER
MOD5
NAP1EASTERN TIER
VAGELOS
NAP4NORTHERN TIERSANSOM EAST
NAP2CENTRAL TIER
HUNTSMANNAP-CH
COLLEGE HALL NODE ROOM
Next Generation PennNet
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Financial Convergence
• All budgets consolidated into one• 100% direct charge budget • No capital budget• Replacement cycles built into the charges
• All services financially self-sufficient.
• User participation & full budget transparency through Network Planning Task Force (www.upenn.edu/computing/group/nptf)
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Voice Services at Penn Today
• Most users have Centrex service– Local Exchange Carrier -provided business telephone service
– Long list of available features– Switch at Telco Central Office– On-campus copper cabling
• Some departments have PBXs and small key systems
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Telecommunications Infrastructure
• Local Exchange Carrier brings copper loop infrastructure to campus Rate Demarcation Points (RDPs)
• Penn maintains in-ground and in-building copper cable infrastructure from RDP to building, building to closet, closet to wallplate
• This infrastructure is very old, and in some cases is failing resulting in outages and requiring expensive repairs
• Replacement of these cables would be $3-5M
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Rate Demarcation Points
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Business Drivers• Aging phone-cabling infrastructure
– In-ground cabling is 25-75 years old– Cable faults are increasing– Cable repairs are expensive and time consuming
• Operational inefficiencies– Separate cabling infrastructure– Moves, adds and changes are time consuming and costly (3000/yr @ $125= $375k)
• Legacy services costly to support– ACD– Voice mail
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Business Drivers (Continued)
• Vendor Management– Service delivery issues– High usage rates – Limited application integration/flexibility
– Prefer vendor independence– Prefer open standards– Prefer open source
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Voice Services Goals• To convert 25,000 analog voice customers to Integrated Communications (VoIP, Voicemail, etc.) on a converged IP network with added functionality and lower costs in 5 years or less
• Cost–effective, reliable voice communications
• Vendor independence• Single integrated network infrastructure• Flexibility and new functionality to meet evolving demands
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Voice Services Strategy
• Negotiate low-cost phone line and usage contracts
• Develop architecture to enable competition among service providers for connectivity and usage
• Eliminate legacy voice services and position for Integrated Communications (ACDs, Voicemail, etc.)
• Programs with 2 cellular phone service providers– Over $125k of revenue-sharing annually – Over $300k savings annually to Penn community
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Leadership Challenges: VoIP
• Penn’s research into integrated communication and VoIP started in late 1990s
• There was a lot of activity with minimal progress
• Focused leadership was required– Integrated Communications was made our top departmental priority
– A program director whose sole responsibility was the VoIP project was hired
– Project teams were immediately set up
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Deke KassabianDirector, Engineering & Services
University of Pennsylvania
Project and Technology
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
History of VoIP at Penn
• Protocol research dates back to late 1990s• Worked first with H.323-based VoIP, and later with Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
• Worked with a range of applications:– Cisco Call Manager, an enterprise solution (2001-2002)
– BroadSoft’s Broadworks, a carrier-class VoIP software solution, piloted on campus (2001-2003)
– Externally hosted IP Centrex solutions (2003-2004)
– Open-source SIP Express Router with Asterisk Comedian Voice Mail (2003-Present)
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Key Open Source Question
• Does IP Telephony lend itself to open source server software?– Can it be reliable enough?– Will we have the feature set we need?– Will we be able to maintain it well?
• Experience with open source server software for Email and Web services encouraged us to take this as a serious option
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
The Breakthrough
• Held a VoIP Project launch meeting with managers and team leads
• Identified biggest issues• Committed significant local staff resources
• Hired a project manager
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Project TeamsSteering
Committee
Technical Process BusinessFacilities
Network Architecture
Application Architecture
Telephony Architecture
InstallationsOperations
IntakeSupport
Billing
Provisioning
Communications
Penn iPhone
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Open Source Strategy• Avoid over-customization
– Use existing functionality where possible
– Maintain active relationship with developers
– Try to get any essential changes of general interest built back into mainline code
• Notable Asterisk customization– IMAP access to voice mail message store for true unified messaging from phones and email clients
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
VoIP Building Blocks
• SIP Clients or User Agents
• SIP Proxy Servers• Media & Feature Servers
• Gateways and ITSP services
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
SIP User Agents (UAs)
• Hardware SIP phone, in the familiar desk set form factor. Penn currently uses the Cisco 7940 phone.
• Software that acts as a SIP client or user agent and runs on a desktop, laptop or handheld. Shown here is eyeBeam from Counterpath.
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
SIP Proxy Servers
• Server that accepts “registration” from valid users
• Allows client to signal their call information
• Handles call set up and gets out of the way
• Penn uses SER (iptel.org)and OpenSER (openser.org)
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Media & Feature Servers
• Server that handles “media” such as voice mail and music on hold
• Provides for some additional call features
• Co-exists with provisioning services
• Penn currently uses Asterisk (www.digium.com)
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Gateway
IP ISDN PRIs
PSTNCampusNetwork
Gateway
• Interconnect between campus network and PSTN
• Penn currently uses a Cisco 36xx router
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
General VoIP Design
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
VoIP Topology
Educause National 2006
Penn iPhone Roadmap
Phase 1.X• IMAP Message Store
• Limited Multi-line Pilots
• PiPS Maintenance
• Security Recommendations
• Handset Recommendations
• 600+ phones deployed
Phase 2.0• Feature Release 2.0
• Softphone Pilots - I
• Centrex-Asterisk Pilot(s)
• ITSP/LNP Production
• New Handset Testing
Phase 3.0• Octel voice mail migration
• New Handset Production
• Softphone Pilots - II
• iPhone Communications
• Multi-line Pilots
• 2000 phones deployed
Phase 1.0• VoIP Campus Pilot Begins
• Penn iPhone web portal
• Penn Directory lookups from iPhone
Phase 3.0Phase 1.X Phase 2.0
1H 2006 2H 2006
GeneralAvailabilityPhase 1.0
1H 2007 2H 2007
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Campus-wide Pilot Rollout Deployed Penn iPhones
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2005-012005-022005-032005-042005-052005-062005-072005-082005-092005-102005-112005-122006-012006-022006-032006-042006-052006-062006-072006-082006-09
Month
total iPhones
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Current State of Service
• Production-grade– Redundant servers, gateways and PRIs– Single-line features, email/voicemail integration
– 911 support equal to legacy system
• Layer 2 QoS, separate VLANs & subnets
• Full service- installation, support & billing
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Managing Penn iPhone
• Web “provisioning interface” to allow– Installation staff to configure phones for deployment
– Support staff to provide local support
– End-users to select and maintain configuration options
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Penn iPhone Web Services (Phase 1.0)
Self-serviceVoice mail
Change Email
Password
Do Not Disturb
Call Forward
Reject Anon.
Blocked Caller ID
More . . .
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Unified Messaging
• Some users prefer getting voice mail in email. Others really need to access voice mail by phone.
• Wanted to access voice mail via email and via the telephone without message replication
• Penn-developed extension to Asterisk for IMAP access to voice mail for true unified messaging from phones and email clients– included in version 1.4 with Fall 2006 release
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Emergency Services & Location
• Ability to route 511/911 calls, including support for location information
• Three phases towards improvement– Phase 1 - Fixed location phones– Phase 2 - VoIP phones movable by IT Staff, with web form location reporting
– Phase 3 - Dynamic location updates
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Security & Privacy
• Key project elements for S&P– Configuration security - protecting phone configuration and user details
– Gateway security - securing gateways so only authorized users make calls
– Call privacy - minimizing the eavesdrop risks
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Current Development Projects
• Multi-line and ring-group support• Using ITSPs (Internet Telephony Service Providers) for off campus calls
• Migrating Centrex users to our next generation voice mail
• Power Over Ethernet (PoE) network designs
• Evaluating additional VoIP handsets
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
New Roles for Campus IT Staff?
• Local tech support staff troubleshoot basic connectivity, occasionally power cycle phones
• Submit trouble tickets when necessary
• Act as proxy for the user in the web interface, to change feature settings and forwarding numbers
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Collaboration within Higher-Ed
• Several Internet2 universities are using a very similar approach
• Sharing plans, code and best practices through monthly collaboration calls
• Open to participation by other groups seriously engaged in similar efforts
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
A Few Key Challenges• “Recruiting” pilot customers that fit the service profile, are in a suitable location, and can provide detailed feedback
• Identifying supportable, high function VoIP handsets
• Managing very substantial staff workload
• Moving fast enough to avoid costly telephone cable upgrades
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Lessons & Recommendations
• Make project a priority across the organization
• Cross-train staff, and allow time for adjustment. Augment staff with consultants in key areas
• Pilot one technology at a time (open-source vs. in house commercial vs IP centrex)
• Create/maintain a voice development environment
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Lessons & Recommendations• Roll out pilot and new features in your
own department first, as a pre-pilot• Replace existing phones with VoIP
phones on users desk (don’t simply add)• Structure installations to be “cookie
cutter”• Pilot not only technology, but full
support and communications process. Involve all service delivery and support personnel
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Looking To The Future
• With the elimination of legacy services and networks, we anticipate:– Increased reliability– Improved functionality– Higher levels of operational efficiencies
– Telecommunications cost reductions of 10-30%
– Better customer service
ISC Networking & Telecommunications
Educause National 2006
Mike Palladino & Deke KassabianUniversity of Pennsylvania
Educause National 2006October 2006
Production Quality Open Source VoIP: Next Generation
Telephony at Penn