Is.5553.2.1990 Reactors - Specification Part 2 Shunt Reactors

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IS 5553-2 (1990): Reactors, Part 2: Shunt reactors [ETD 16:Transformers]







is 5553 Part 2 ) : 1990

I ndi an St andardREACTORS SPECIFICATION

PART 2 SHUNT REACTORS

F’irstRevision

UDC 621’318’43’076’61

@ BIS 1990

( Reaffirmed 2003 )



Transformers Sectional Committee, ETD 16

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard ( Part 2 ) ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standardson 5 January 1990, after the draft finalized by the Transformers Sectional Committee had beenapproved by the Electrotechnical Division Council.

This standard was first published in 1970. This revision has been undertaken with a view tobringing it in line with the IEC Pub 289 ( 1988 ) ‘Reactors’, issued by the International Electro-technical Commission ( IEC ).

In this revision, the requirements for reactors have been covered in eight parts as follows:

Part IPart 2Part 3

Part 4Part 5Part 6Part 7Part 8

GeneralShunt reactorsCurrent limiting and neutral earthing reactors

Damping reactorsTuning reactorsEarthing transformers ( neutral couplers )Arc suppression reactorsSmoothing reactors

This standard ( Part 2 ) has been based on IEC Pub 289 ( 1988 ) ‘Reactors, Section 2 ShuntReactors’, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission.

This part ( Part 2 ) shall be read in conjunction with Part 1 of this standard.



Indian

REACTORS

Standard

IS 5553 Part 2 ) t 1990

SPECIFICATION

PART 2 SHUNT REACTORS

Fi rst Rev i si on1 SCOPE NOTE - Information on magnetic characteristios

should be supplied on request.

1.1 eactors covered by this standard ( Part 2 ) With regard to its entire magnetic characteristic,are intended for shunt connection in a system the reactor is identified as:to compensate for capacitive current.

iia) linear, Fig. la;

NOTE -The absorbed reactive power at rated b) non-linear, Fig. lb;voltage can be constant or may be varied by use ofadditional devices: The reactors with non-linear magnetic

a) Variation can be achieved, for example, bycharacteristic have their normal operation

phase-controlled thyristors ( static var source ) range in the linear part of the magnetic

or by dc magnetization of the iron core; and characteristic; andb) Variation can be achieved by winding tappings, c) saturated, Fig. lc.

by means of off-load or on-load tap changer 2 REFER_RNCES( variable reactance ).

With regard to design and installation, the 3 ,.,_RRMINOLOGYreactor is identified as:

a) Single-phase or three-phase, 3.0 For the purpose of this standard ( Part 2 ),

Dry-type or oil-immersed,the following definitions shall apply.

b)cl

d)4f)d

With air core or with gapped iron core,

With or without magnetic shield,For indoor or outdoor installation,

For fixed or variable reactance, and

Having additional loading winding.

3.1 Rated Voltage, U,

The voltage at rated frequency assigned to beapplied between the line terminals of a windingof a three-phase reactor, or between the termi-nals of a winding of a single-phase reactor.The rated voltage U, provides a basis for thedesign, the manufacturer’s guarantees and

1.2 Design 2.0 A list of referred standards is also given inAnnex A of Part 1 of this standard.

1.3 Magnetic Characteristic the tests.

Knowledge of the entire magnetic characteristic NOTE - For single-phase reactors intended to beas shown in Fig. la, lb and lc may be neces- associated in a three-phase bank, the rated voltrsesary for: of a single-unit intended for star connection is indi-

cated by a fraction, in which the numerator is thea) to set a normal operation range, line-to-line voltage and the denominator is a,

b) study of over voltage conditions, andfor example:

c) simulation in system studies. UN = $ $ kV

XI a) Linear b non- linear cl saturated

CURRENT PEAK VALUE PER UNIT __c

Fro. 1 TYPES OF MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTIC FOR SHUNT REACTORS



IS 5553 ( Part 2 ) : 1990

3.2 Maximum Operating Voltage, V,,,

The highest voltage at rated frequency _a.f whichthe reactor shall bs capable of operating con-tinuously without exceeding the specifiedtemperature rises.

NOTES1 The rated voltage may be specified equal to themaximum operating voltage.

2 Maximum operating voltage and rated voltagehave to be spec.ified by the purchaser.

3.3 Rated Power, QN

The reactive power specified for operation atrated voltage and frequency.

3.4 Rated Carrent, I,

The line current of the reactor derived from

rated power and rated voltage.

3.5 Rated Reactance, X,

NOTE - For single-phase reactors intended to beassociated in a three-phase bank, the rated currentof a single-unit intended for delta connection isindicated by a fraction in which the numerator isthe corresponding line current and the denominatoris 1/ ?_, for example:

The reactance ( in ohms per phase at rated fre-quency ) specified at rated voltage.

3.6 Zero-Sequence Reactance, X0 ( of a tbree-phase reactor )

The reactance per phase at rated frequency,equal to three times the value measured betweenthe line terminals of a three-phase star winding,connected together, and its neutral terminal.

3.7 M al -Reactance, X, ( of a three-phasereactor )

The ratio between induced voltage in an openphase and the current in an excited phase ( in,ohms per phase atFig. 2 ).

rated frequency ) ( see

Mutual reactance is suitably expressed per unitof the rated reactance.

NOTE - For network of considerations, it shouldbe noted that the mutual reactance will geg.er@lybe negligible for:

a) a bank of three separate single-phase oil-immr-sed reactors,

b) a bank of three single-phase air-core ( dry-type)reactors in side-by-side arraagemept, and

c) a three-phase reactor having continuous magne-tic iron-path for zero-sequence flux.

3.8 Magnetic Characteristic

The magnetic characteristic is the relationbetween:

a) peak magnetic flux and peak current, orb) average voltage and peak current.

NOTE - For nonilinear reactors, the magneticcharacteristic is in accordance with Fig. 2. Theknee point and the slope in the saturated area aresubject to agreement between the purchaser andthe manufacturer. They may be provided bymeasurement or by calculation.

4 RATINGS4.1 The ratings of a shunt reactor refer tocontinuous duty, unless otherwise specified. Forreactors used in a SVS ( static var source )scheme -with phase-controlled current, the gua-ranteed values are referred to the full loadcurrent sinusoidal waveform unless otherwisespecified.

I I I1 2 3 L

CURREmNT PEAK VALUE

PER UNIT -

a = slope angle of the characteristic in the non-saturated part(I* = slope angle of the characteristic in the saturated partk - saturation knee point, intersection of the two straight lines a and 6

NOTE - The characteristic Is considered linear up to knee point k



5 1NStJ LATfiDN LEVEL

8.1 The insulation level shall be according tothe requirements specified in IS 2026 ( Part 3 ) :1981.

6 RATING PLATES

fd Each reactor shall be provided with a ratingplate of weatherproof material, fitted in a

visible position, showing the appropriate itemsindicated below. The entries on the plate shallbe indelibly marked ( for example; by etching,engraving or stamping ).

6.2 hformation tb be Given in All Cases

a) Type of reactor;b) Manufacturer’s name;c) Manufacturer’s serial number;d) Year of manufacture;

e) Number of phases;

f j Rated power in kVA;g) Line diagram of the reactor showing the

location of CT ( if any ) atid details;

h) Rated frequency;

j) Rated voltage;

k) Maximum operating voltage;m) Rated current;n) Insulation levels;p) Connection symbol;q) Reactance at rated voltage;r) Type of cooling;

s) Massof core and winding asse m l y;

t) Total mass;u) Mass of insulation oil; and

v) Zero-sequence impedance, if called for.

6.3 Additional Ioformation to be Given inC’e’dht Cases

Thermal class of insulation ( for dry-typereactors only );Temperature rise ( if not a normal value );

Transportation mass ( for reactors ex-

ceeding 5 t total mass );Type of insulation liquid, if not mineraloil; and

Details regarding tappings.

7 ‘PESTS

7.1 General Requirements for Types, Routineand Special. Tests

The requirements given in 16.1 of IS 2026_(Part 1 ) : 1977 shall apply.

IS 5553 Part 2 ) : 1990

7.2 Type Tests

The following shall constitute the type tests:a) Measurement of winding resistance

( see 7.5 ),b) Measurement of insulation resistance

[ see 16.6 of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) : 1977 1,c) Measurement of reactance ( see 7.6 ),

d) Measurement of loss ( see 7.7 ),

e) Dielectric tests ( see 7.11).f) Measurement of voltage ratio and short-

circuit impedance on shunt reactor aswith additional loadable winding, and

g) T;;p;rature-rise test [ IS 2026 ( Part 2 ) :

7.3 Routine Tests

The following shall constitute the routine tests:

4

b)

cl4e)f 1

Measurement of winding resistance( see 7.5 >,

Measurement of insulation resistance[ see -16.6 of IS 2026 ( Part .l ) : 1977 1,

Measurement of reactance ( see 7.6 ),Measurement of loss ( see 7.7 ),Dielectric tests ( see 7.11 ), and

Measurement of voltage ratio and short-circuit impedance on shunt reactors withadditional loading winding.

7.4 Special Tests

The following shall constitute the special tests:

4

b)

cl

d)

4

f )

Measurement of zero-sequence reactanceon three-phase reactors ( see 7.9 );Measurement of mutual reactance onthree-phase reactors ( see 7.10 );Measurement of acoustic sound level( see 7.13 );Measurement of vibration and stress mea-surement on tank ( see 7.14 );Measurement of harmonics of the current( see 7.8 );

Measurement of the power taken by thefan and the oil pumps, if any ~[ see 16.14of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) : 1977 1;

g) Measurement of magnetization character-istic ( see 7.12 );

h) Measurement of capacitance and tan deltaof winding ( applicable only for liquidfilled reactors ); and

i) Dissolved gas analysis of mineral oil usedbefore and after heat run tests (seeIS 10593 : 1983 ).

If special tests other than those listed aboveare required, the test method shall be subjectto agreement between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.

3



fS 5553 ( Part 2 ) : 1990

7.5 Measurement of Winding Resistance

The provisions of 16.2 of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) :1977 shall apply.

7.6 Deterainatioo of Reactance

The test shall be carried in accordance with thefollowing procedure:

a) The reactance is determined as the ratioof rated voltage to the measured phasecurrent ( rms value ) assuming that theresistive - component of impedance isnegligible.

b)

4

4

The reactance shall be determined atrated frequency by applying an approxi-mately sinusoidal supply [ see 3.2.1 ofIS 2071 ( Part 2 > : 1974 1.For reactors which have neither gappediron core nor magnetic shield, the mea-surements may be made at any voltagebetween 10 and 100 percent.For reactors having gapped iron core or

magnetic shield, the measurement shall bemade at rated voltage. In exceptionalcases, for example, extremely large ratedpower and high system voltage, it may bedifficult to maintain these test conditions.For linear and non-linear reactors, extra-polations of approximately 10 percent areallowed, that is, the test voltage shall inall cases exceed 0’9 Vi.

e) The reactance of three-phase reactorsshall be measured with symmetrical threephase voltage applied to the reactorterminals.The reactance shall be taken as:

Line-to-line applied voltageaverage measured current x 2/ 3

For three-phase reactors with magneticiron-path for zero-sequence flux, thereactance measurement may also be per-formed with single-phase excitation.

NOTE - When the testing installation does notallow a satisfactory test, it may be made on sitethe subject to agreement between the purchaser andthe manufacturer.

7.7 Measurement of LOSS

The loss shall be measured at rated voltage andrated frequency. The voltage shall be measuredwith an instrument responsive to the meanvalue of voltage but scaled to read the r m svalue of a sinusoidal wave having the samemean value.

In exceptional cases, for example extremelylarge rated power and high system v.o tage, itmay be difficult to meet this test condltlon. Inthese cases, the loss at rated voltage shall beobtained by multiplying the measured loss bythe square of the ratio of rated current to thecurrent measured at the reduced voltage.

The method for determination of loss is. subjectto agreement and satisfactory documentationregarding accuracy and reliability of the pro-posed method shall be provided.

As the power factor of a shunt reactor is nor-mally very low, loss measurement using con-ventional wattmeter methods may be subject toconsiderable errors. A bridge method may beused to advantage.

The loss in various parts ,of the reactor ( I*Rloss, iron loss and additional loss ) cannot beseparated by measurement; it is thus preferable,in order to avoid corrections to referenee tem-perature, to perform the measurement when theaverage temperature of windings is practicallyequal to the reference temperature. If this isimpracticable, the additional loss shall be deemedindependent of temperature.

If several units are to be tested, it is recommendedthat the unit which receives loss measurementas a type test at nearly reference tempera-ture, shall be measured at ambient temperature

also, thus establishing a temperature coefficientfor total loss ( assuming linear variation ).Remaining units will then be measured atambient temperature only and their loss figureshall be corrected to reference temperature usingthe temperature coefficient established on thetype tested unit.

The loss measured at or corrected to ratedvoltage shall be recalculated by multiplicationby the square of the ratio of rated to measuredcurrent ( at rated voltage ).

NOTE - See Note under 7.6.

7.8 Measurement of Harmonics of the Currentat Rated Voltage

This measurement applies to reactors withsaturated magnetic characteristics ( see Fig. lc ).The harmonics of the current in all three phasesare measured by means of a harmonic analyserand the magnitude of relevant harmonics isexpressed as a percentage of the fundamentalcomponent.

The harmonics of applied voltage shall bemeasured at the same time.

NOTE - This test is practicable only if the distor-tion factor of applied voltage is less than 2 percent.

7.9 Measurement of Zero-Sequence Reactaoce

The provision of 16.10 of IS 2026 ( Part 1 ) :1977 shall apply.

This measurement~has to be carried out with atest voltage corresponding to neutral current notexceeding the rated phase current.

7.10 Measurement of Mutual Reactance onThree-Phase Reactors

The measurement shall be made preferably atrated voltage according to Fig. 3.

4



53v,, va, vs = Voltmeter reading

,-I1 = Amperemeter ReadingVa V3

Mutual reactance = x or -&--, res ectiVelY

FIG. 3 MEASUREMENT OF MUTUAL REACTANCE FOR THREE-PHASE REACTORS

7.11 Dielectric Tests NOTE1985.

- For dry type reactors, see also IS 11171 :

The application of different dielectric tests toshunt reactors in general follows the correspon-ding rules for transformers in IS 2026 ( Part 3 ) :1981.

7.11.3 Li ghtning Im pulse Test

The provision of 12 of IS 2026 ( Part 3 ) : 1981shall apply.

7J1.1 Separat e Source Vol t age Wi t hstand Test 7.11.4 Sw it ching Impul se Test

The provisions of 10 of IS 2026 Part 3 ) : 1981 The provisions of 14 of IS 2026 ( Part 3 ) : 1981shall apply. shall apply.

7.11.2 Induced Overvoltage Withstand TestRoutine Test )

7.12 Measurement of MagnetizationCharacteristic

Induced over voltage withstand test shall becarried out in general accordance with 11 ofIS 2026 ( Part 3 ) : 1981, except if otherwisedescribed below:

If the reactor is uniformly insulated, 11.2 ofIS 2026 ( Part 3 ) : 1981 applies.

If the reactor is non-uniformly insulated,either 11.3 or 11.4 of IS 2026 ( Part 3 ) : 1981apply depending upon test voltage and testfacilities available. The test according to11.4 is the alternative only U, > 300 kV butmay be used by agreement between the pur-chaser and the manufacturer at lowervoltages as well. When the test according to11.4 is applied, it is modified as follows:

A measurement of magnetization characteristicmay be specified when the reactor is non-linear( Fig. lb ) or saturated ( Fig. lc ). The measure-ment may be conducted with power frequencyvoltage and current up to maximum operatingvoltage or by agreement slightly above thisvalue.

The measurement result shall be expressed interms of average value of voltage ( which isproportional to crest value of flux linkage )against crest value of current.

Alternative method of measurement over a widerrange of flux may be agreed upon.

The partial discharge measurement shall beprerformed with test voltage UZ = 1’5

NOTE - A typical method-for the measurement ofmagnetization characteristic is given in Annex A.

7.13 Measurement of Acoustic Sound Levelurn urn43Or l-3 d3’

- the short time appli-

cation of enhanced level U1 being omitted.

If the power and voltage requirements for thesetests exceed those available at the test station,the test shall be replaced by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the manufacturer by a light-ning impulse test in line with 12 of IS 2026(Part 3 ): 1981.

Test voltages and test methods in line of theabove tests have to be agreed upon at the timeof the order.

The method of test and criteria for conformityshall be agreed between the manufacturer andthe purchaser.

7.14 Measurement of Vibration and StressMeasurement on Tank

If measurement of vibration is specified, thefollowing items shall be agreed before the timeof the test:

a) Whether the test shall be made as a typetest on one unit or as a routine test on allunits;

5



b) Whether the test shall be run at ratedvoltage or maximum continuous operatingvoltage, if different; and

c) Where and how the measurements shall betaken normally on all four sides of thetank wall and at a sufficient number ofpoints to permit an averaging procedure.The measurements shall be expressed interms of peak-to-peak amplitude vibra-tion. A recommended maximum valueis 200 micrometre.

7.141 M easurement of Dy nami c St ress

This measurement is carried out to ascertainthat the dynamic stress level in the tank is wellwithin the endurance limit of the tank steel.Measurements are made by gluing strain gaugesat two or three locations where the vibrationamplitudes are the highest as determined byvibration measurement ( 7.14). At each location,two gauges - one in the vertical and the otherin the horizontal direction are glued on to thetank wall after peeling off the paint.The strain gauges are connected to differentchannels of the U/V recorder.Measurements are made at a voltage at whichvibration amplitudes are measured.

7.15 Temperature-Rise Test

The provisions of IS 2026 ( Part 2 ) : 1977shall apply.

This test is performed preferably at maximumoperating voltage and rated frequency.If the maximum operating voltage cannot bemaintained during the test, it may be performedat a reduced voltage but not less than 90 percent

of maximum operating voltage. The tempera-ture rise $hall be corrected to maximum operat-ing voltage according tb IS 2026 ( Part 2 ) : 1977and IS 11171 : 1985.

8 TOLERANCES

8.0 In the case of shunt reactors with tappings,the tolerances apply to principal tapping unlessotherwise specified. /

8.1 TolCrances on Reactance at Rated Voltageand Rated Frequency

Tolerances on reactance at rated voltage andrated frequency shall be f 5 percent of the ratedreactance.

In the case of three-phase shunt reactors orbanks of three single-phase reactors, the reac-tance& on the three phases when connected to asystem of symmetrical voltages, shall not deviatefrom the average by more than f 2 percent butalways w~ithin the above mentioned f5 percenttolerance.

If a linearity relation to ( Fig. lb ) has beenspecified for a reactor, a tolerance on variat’onof reactance of &5 percent reactance i a uemeasured at rated voltage applies, up to a limitof voltage specified by the purchaser.

8.2 Tolerance on Loss

The total mass measured and corrected accord-ing to 7.7 shall not exceed the guranteed loss bymore than 15 percent.

NOTE --For large power rating feactots. if netnossibk ia the factory, the test may be carried outbn site subject to agreement between the purchaserand the manufacturer.

TEST 69 JEC~

“DC

FIG, 4 A SUGGESTED CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR MEASUREMENT OFMAGNETIZATION CHARACTERISTIC

6



JS 5553 art 2):1990

ANNEX A( Clause 7.12 )

METHOD ~FOR MEASUREMENT OF MAGNETIZATION CHARACTERISTIC

Magnetization curve of a reactor can be obtain-ed using direct current as follows:

‘The reactor is charged with direct current.When the maximum test current is reached,the reactor is short-circuited and the chargingcurrent is disconnected. The decayingcurrent in the circuit is registered by a com-puter assisted data acquisition system.’

The saturation curve +/&K,~ versus Z/Znom s thencalculated using the formulas listed below:

The decaying current Z (1) is measured.Zmtn is the minimum measured current.Zmal is the maximum measured current.Znom for shunt reactor is nominal AC-current

multiplied by 2/T.

Znom or smoothing reactor is nominal DC-current.

Imean is the mean value of the calculated in-ductance from Zmin to Znom.4~0~1 s the nominal flux at ZMUII.

R is the circuit resistance, that is, reactorRL hunt Rs and cable resistance.

ZxRL(I) = di/di _

L(t) X dl zmtn X mesn

I min

+ nom = nom X meen



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Dot : No. ETD 16 ( 2762 >

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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Is.5553.2.1990 Reactors - Specification Part 2 Shunt Reactors