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8/14/2019 Is America Becoming Post-Racial while France is Becoming Post-Social?
1/16
IS AMERICA BECOMING POST-RACIAL
WHILE FRANCE IS BECOMING POST-SOCIAL?
Philippe BernardBosch Fellow, Transatlantic Academy
p a p e r s e r i e s
8/14/2019 Is America Becoming Post-Racial while France is Becoming Post-Social?
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2009 ransatlantic Academy. All rights reserved.
No part o this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any orm or by any means without permission
in writing rom the ransatlantic Academy. Please direct inquiries to:
ransatlantic Academy
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Tis publication can be downloaded or ree at http://www.transatlanticacademy.org.
Transatlantic Academy Paper Series
Te ransatlantic Academy Paper Series presents research on a variety o transatlantic topics by staf, ellows, and
partners o the ransatlantic Academy. Te views expressed here are those o the author and do not necessarily
represent the view o the ransatlantic Academy. Comments rom readers are welcome; reply to the mailing ad-
dress above or by e-mail to [email protected].
About the Transatlantic Academy
Founded by the German Marshall Fund o the United States (GMF), the ZEI-Stiung Ebelin und Gerd
Bucerius, the Robert Bosch Stiung, and the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, the ransatlantic Academy
serves as a orum or a select group o scholars rom both sides o the Atlantic and rom dierent academic and
policy disciplines to examine a single set o issues. Working together rom a transatlantic and interdisciplinary
perspective, Academy ellows use research, publications, and ideas to make policy-relevant contributions to
policy debates acing the transatlantic community. In addition, the Academy has received early support rom
the ransatlantic Program o the Government o the Federal Republic o Germany through unds o the Euro-
pean Recovery Program (ERP) o the Federal Ministry o Economics and echnology. Te Compagnia di SanPaolo joined as a nancial partner in May 2009.
Chosen rom the elds o public policy, business administration, economics, journalism, and NGOs/civil
society, Bosch Public Policy Fellows are in residence at the ransatlantic Academy rom one to two months.
During their ellowship, they interact with the Academys long-term ellows, conduct their own research, write a
short paper or the Academy website, and make presentations to audiences o analysts and government ofcials
in the Washington area.
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Is America Becoming Post-RacialWhile France is Becoming Post-Social?
Transatlantic Academy Paper Series
May 2009
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8/14/2019 Is America Becoming Post-Racial while France is Becoming Post-Social?
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Transatlantic Academy2
As Barack
Obamas election
asks the question
of a post-racial
America, France
wonders about
putting more race
in their class-
based policies.
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Does Barack Obamas election mean that the
United States now lives in a post-racial era,
that Americans are not as polarized by race
as before?
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The United States as a post-racial country?
France as a pre-racial country?
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Introduction1
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Is America Becoming Post-Racial
While France is Becoming Post-Social?
3
The main
objection to the
post-racial
hypothesis is tha
race remains
a key element
to analyze the
American society
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becoming a post-racial country?2O , J f f w f k,
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Race as a key element
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Transatlantic Academy4
A lot of people
dont consider a
post-racial society
as a realistic goal
or as a goal at all.
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Is Post-racial America just a campaign
slogan or a real goal?
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Is America Becoming Post-Racial
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A changing society challenging the
race-based system
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Transatlantic Academy6
Several elements
tend to reflect
the weakening of
the race factor
and a shift to the
acceptance of a
multiracial society.
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A possible shift from race-based to
class-based policies?
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Is America Becoming Post-Racial
While France is Becoming Post-Social?
7
Several factors
including Obama
statements make
possible a shift
to a more class-
based policy.
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Transatlantic Academy8
The basis of
the French
Republican
model is the idea
that the nation
is not socially
based but results
from a will of
living together.
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A non-racial Republican model shaped
by history
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Is France a pre-racial country?3
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Is America Becoming Post-Racial
While France is Becoming Post-Social?
9
Discriminations
whose victims ar
people of foreign
origin, show the
insufficiency of
the Republican
model.
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A relatively flexible model challenged by
discrimination
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Transatlantic Academy10
Nicolas Sarkozys
insistence
to establish
American-style
affirmative
action faces
opposition from
Constitution
specialists.
The impossible reform?
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Is America Becoming Post-Racial
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The confusion
between racial
and social
discriminations,
and the political
instrumental-
ization of the
debate on ethni
statistics lead
to paralyze any
improvement of
the system.
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Transatlantic Academy12
The question is
the same in the
two countries: how
to fight against
discrimination
without
challenging
cultural cohesion?
The answer has
to be looked for,
in the respect of
any identity, in
the conviction
that people are
free to choose
and change their
identification.
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A common ideal4
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Is America Becoming Post-Racial
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