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IS 973 (1988): Method for determination of colour fastnessof textile materials to soda boiling [TXD 5: ChemicalMethods of Test]

Is : 973 - 1988 ( Redried 1993 )

Indian Standard

METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF COLOUR FASTNESS

OF TEXTILE MATERIALS TO SODA BOILING

( First Revision )

First Reprint SEPTEMBER 1998

UDC 677’016’474 : 535’685’33

Q Copyright 1989

BUREAU OF IN’DIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

or2 January 1989

IS : 973 - 1988

hui$an Standard

METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF COLOUR FASTNESS

OF TEXTILE MATERIALS TO SODA BOILING

( First Revision )

EWORD 0. FOR

0.1 This lndian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 20 July 1988, after the draft finalized by the Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee had been approved by the Textile Division Council.

0.2 This standard was first published in 1956 and has been revised to align it with IS0 105/X - 1981 ‘Textiles - Tests for colour fastness X06 Colour fastness to soda boiling’, issued by the Inter- national Organization for Standardization ( IS0 ) and also to incorporate changes in line with other standards on colour fastness tests.

0.3 Colour fastness of textile materials is of considerable importance to the consumer. The fastness depends not only upon the nature and the depth of shade of the dyestuff used but also upon the nature of the fibre and the method of dyeing or printing employed; the same colouring matter, when used in dyeing or printing different fibres or when applied by different methods upon the same fibre, may give vastly different results. Formula- tion of standard methods of test f3r determining colour fastness of textile materials to different agencies likely to effect change in colour is, there- fore, necessary.’

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard prescribes a method for determination of colour fastness of textile mate- rials of all kinds and in all forms to the action of boiling dilute sodium carbonate solutions.

1.1.1 The method is mainly applicable to natu- ral and regenerated cellulosic textile materials.

1.1.2 Two tests, one with and the other w_th- out the addition of a reduction inhibitor, are prescribed.

2. PRINCIPLE

2.1 A specimen of the textile between the speci- fied undyed clothes is rolled around a glass rod and treated with . boiling sodium carbonate solution with and without the addition of a reduction inhibitor. The composite specimen is rinsed, the clothes are separated and dried. The change is colour of the specimen and the staining of the undyed clothes are assessed with the grey scales.

3. SAMPLING

3.1 Sample to determine the conformity of a lot of coloured textile material to a specification shall be selected so as to be representative of the lot.

3.2 Sample drawn in compliance with the rele- vant material specification or as agreed to

between the buyer and the seller to evaluate colour fastness of the material in the lot shall be held to be representative of the lot.

4. APPARATUS

4.1 Vessel - equipped with water-cooled reflux condenser of the finger type to hold a cylindrical specimen 4 cm long in the boiling solution.

4.2 Glass Rod - 5 to 8 mm in diameter.

4.3 Adjacent Fabric - measuring 10x4 cm of the type under test or, if the fibre or yarn is being tested, adjacent fabric made from the same kind of fibre.

4.4 Desized Undyed Cotton Fabric - measur- ing IO x 4 cm. This material is nor cotton adja- cent fabric.

4.5 Test Control - dyeings of CI Vat Red 1 ( Colour Index, 3rd Edition ).

NOTE - For the preparation of the dyeings, ( see Appendix A ).

5. REAGENTS

5.0 Quality of Reagents - Pure chemicals and distilled water (see IS : 1070-1977* ) shall be used for the purpose of this test.

NOTE - ‘Pure chemicals’ shall mean chemicals that do not contain impurities which affect the results of analysis.

*Specification for water for general laboratory use (second revision ).

1

IS : 973 - 1988

5.1 Sodium Carbonate Solution - containing 10 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate per litre.

5.2 Sodium Carbonate - Sadium m - aitro- benzeresu!.phorrc.f.e Solution - containing 10 g of anh!drous sodium carbonate per litre and 4 g of sodium m-nitrobenzenesulphonate per litre.

6. PREPARARATION OF COMPOSITE SPECIMEN

6.1 Two composite specimens, prepared as follows, are required for the tests with and with- out the addition of a reduction inhibitor.

6.2 If the textile to be tested is a fabric, place a specimen of it 10 x 4 cm between one piece of undyed cotton fabric and one piece of adjacent fabric and sew along one of the shorter sides to form a composite specimen.

I ~.._ ,,*‘

6.3 If the textile to be tested is yarn, knit or weave it into fabric and treat it as in 6.2, or form a layer of parallel lengths of it between the two pieces of undyed cloth, the amount of yarn taken being approximately equal to half the combined mass of the undyed clothes. Sew along two opposite sides to hold the yarn in place and to form a composite specimen.

6.4 If the textile to be tested is a loose fibre, comb and compress an amount approximately equal to half the combined mass of the undyed clothes into a sheet 10 X 4 cm. Place the sheet between the two undyed clothes and sew along all four sides to hold the fibre in place and to form a composite specimen.

6.5 Prepare a composite specimen of the test control in the way outlined for the fabric in 6.2.

7. PROCEDURE

7.1 Carry out the operations described iii 7.2 to 7.4 with each composite specimen and the composite test control spacimen, in parallel, in separate bath.

7.2 Roll the composite specimen compactly around the glass rod to form a cylinder 4 cm long and tie it loosely and uniformly with thread.

7.3 Treat one composite specimen on the rod by boiling gently under reflux for I h in the sodium carbonate solution at a liquor ratio of 30 : 1. Treat the other composite specimen in the same way and for the same carbonate - sodium

time in boiling sodium

solution. m-nitrobenzenesulphonate

7.4 Remove the composite specimens from the

rod immediately, rinse for 10 min in cold running tap water and separate the undyed clothes from them. Open out the composite specimen and dry it by hanging in air in shade at a temperature not exceeding 6O”C, with the three parts in contact only at the remaining line of stitching.

7.5 Assess the effect on the composite test control specimen with the grey scales by the methods prescribled in 1s : 76%1982* and IS : 769- 1982t. The ratings of the test control specimen after boiling with sodium m-nitrobenzenesulpho- nate should be:

al 3-4 weaker, yellower, in respect of change in colour; and

bj 5 in respect of staining.

The ratings of the test control specimen after boiling without sodium m-nitrobenzenesulpho- nate should be:

al 2-3 weaker, yellower, in respect of change in colour; and

b) 2-3 in respect of staining.

If the test control specimens do not yield these values, the test has not been carried out correctly, and the operations described in 7.1 to 7.4 inclu- sive should be repeated with fresh composite specimen and fresh composite test control speci- mens.

NOTE 1 -Treated te;t piece or the test control should have cooled after drying and should have regained their normal mositure-content before evalua- tion.

NOTE 2 - In cases of doubt in colour fastness rating as assessed by an observer, the assessment should be done by at least three observers and the overall average rating should be reported.

7.6 Assess the change in colvur of the specimen and the staining of the undyed cotton fabric and the adjacent fabric by the methods prescribed in IS : 768-1982* and IS : 769-1982.1, respectively ( see Notes under 7.5 1.

8. TEST REPORT

8.1 Report the numerical ratings for change in colour and the numerical ratings for staining of each kind of undyed cloth tested with sodium carbonate alone and with sodium carbonate and sodium m-nifrobenzenesulphonate reduction inhibitor.

8.2 When the two pieces of undyed fabric are the same and the two assessments of staining are different, report only the lower value.

*Method for evaluating change in colour (firsr revision ).

tMethod for evaluating staining (first revision ).

2

APPEikX A

( Clause 4.5 )

PREPARATION OF DYEING

IS :973 - 1988

A-l. Take 3’0 percent of CI Vat Red 1 ( Colour Index, 3rd Edition ) powder, paste it with 150 times its own mass of water using 3 ml of an anionic wetting agent per gram of dye. Add 40 ml of sodium hydroxide ( 400 g/l ) per litre and 13 g of sodium hydrosulphite per liter and allow the dye to reduce for 15 minutes at 80°C.

A-2. Take a sufficiently large piece of cotton fabric and set the dye bath at a liquor ratio of

25 : 1. Add to it, 2-3 ml of sodium hydroxide 400 g/l and 1 g of sodium hydrosulphife per litre followed by the calculated amount of reduced dye. Enter the piece into the dye bath at 30°C; raise the temperature to 60°C in 15 minutes and continue dyeing at this temperature for 30 minutes. Remove the piece, oxidizeit in air, rinse in cold runing tap water, soap at the boil, rinse in distilled water again, rinse in cold running tap water and dry.

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