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Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 9244-1 (1979): Code of practice for storage and use oftextile mill leather accessories - Pickers [TXD 14:Machinery for Fabric Manufacture]

IS : 9244 ( Part I ) - 1979

Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR

STORAGE AND USE OF TEXTILE MILL LEATHER ACCESSORIES

PART I PICKERS

Textile Mill Leather Articles Sectional Committee, TDC 21

Chairman

SIIRI NAVIN C. DOSHI

Members

SHRI N. G. KAMAT SHRI J. L. MASCAVENHAS

SERI S. A. BANDEKAR

SHRI I. N. RAO ( Alternate ) SHRI E. P. BRARUCHA DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( LEATHER ),

SYALL INDUSTRIES SERVILE INSTITUTE, BOMBAY

DIRECTOR or TECHNICAL EDU- CATION

PRINCIPAL, INSTITUTE OF TEXTILE TECRNOLOQY, MADRAS ( Alternate )

SERI A. K. GANWJLI

SERI R. S. GIXOSH

SHRI J. S. BIST ( Altevuzte ) _ -

Representing

Association of Merchants & Manufacturers of Textile Stores & Machinery ( India ), Bombay

Alternntes to Shri Navin C. Doshi

The Millowners’ Association, Bombay; and The Bombay Dyeing & Mfg Co Ltd. Bombay

The Bombay Dyeing & Mfg Co Ltd, Bombay Government of Maharashtra Office of the Development Commissioner ( Small

Scale Industries ), New Delhi

Government of Tamil Nadu

Indian Jute Industries’ Calcutta

Research Association,

Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi

SERI I. JAIKA J Tullis, Woodroffe & Co Ltd, Madras SHRI P. V. RATNAM ( Alternate,

SHRI A. JALIL The Tannery and Footwear Corporation of India Ltd, Kanpur

SHRI C. D. C. KARAKA Pickers Ltd, Ahmadabad SHRI I. M. MANSURI The All India Picker and Textile Leather Manu-

facturers’ Association. Ahmadabad

( Continued on pap 2 )

@ Copyright 1980 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

This publication is protected under the Indian Co&right Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

1$ : 9244 ( Part I ) - 1979

( Continued from page 1 )

Members Representing

SFIRI S. P. PANDIT The Western India Tanneries Ltd, Bombay SBRI R. G. PARIKH Hides and Leather Products Private Ltd,

Ahmadabad SHRI V. B. PRATAP The Ahmedabad Millowners’ Association,

Ahmadabad Sam B. K. BARDHAN ( Alternate )

SHRI T. RAMACHANDYA RAO Office of the Textile Commissioner, Bombay San1 P. K. GANQOPADRYAYA ( Alternate )

SRRI BANRARU SWAMY CenttrMldr~;ather Research Institute ( CSIR ),

SRBI W. N. PANDAV ( Alternate ) SHRI C. G. VENEATARAMANAN Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association,

Ahmadabad SHRI P. D. KIMOTEI ( Alternate )

SHBI K. B. VORA The Textile & Allied Industries Research Organisa- tion, Vadodara

SHRI U. C. SHARMA ( Alternate ) SHRI S. M. CHAKRABORTY, Director General, ISI ( Ex-ojicio Member )

Director ( TCX )

Secretary

SHRI S. M. AURORA Deputy Director ( Tex ), IS1

Leather Articles for Weaving Subcommittee, TDC 21 : 1

Convener

SHRI I. M. MANSURI Tbc All India Picker and Textile Leather Manufac- turers’ Association, Ahmadabad

Members

SHRI C. D. C. KARAKA ( Alternate to Shri I. M. Mansuri )

SHRI S. P. PANDIT The Western India Tanneries Ltd, Bombay SERI S. A. BANDEEAR The Millowners’ Association, Bombay SERI T. S. K. MAEADEVAN Central Leather Research Institute ( CSIR ),

Madras SHRI J. K. KRANNA ( Alternate )

SHRI K. B. VORA The Textile & Allied Industries Research Organisa- tion. Vadodara

’ SHRI U. C. SHARMA ( Alternate ) SHRI I. JAIRAJ Gord;adEodroffe & Co ( Madras ) Private Ltd,

SHRI P. V. RATNAM ( Alternate ) SHRI M. K. MEETA The Ahmedabad

Ahmadabad Millowners’ Association,

SHRI P. F. GUPTA ( Alternafc )

IS : 9244 ( Part I ) - 1979

Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR

STORAGE AND USE OF TEXTILE MILL LEATHER ACCESSORIES

PART I PICKERS t

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part I ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 20 August 1979, after the draft finalized by the Textile Mill Leather Articles Sectional Committee had been approved by the Textile Division Council.

0.2 Since both duration and type of seasoning affect the life of pickers, it is recommended that the sequence ’ drying, steeping in oil, and drying’ should be followed to obtain longer life from them.

0.3 There are different procedures being adopted by various users for seasoning of the pickers before use. This standard lays down a recom- mended procedure for seasoning for guidance of the industry. Through the implementation of this standard it is intended to cut down the inventory of the textile mills on this account, since it would enable them buy pickers ready for use.

0.4 To familiarize the industry with International System ( SI ) units, the basic SI units as well as the recommended SI units for use in the textile industry are given in Appendix A.

0.4.1 The Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976 also stipulates use of ST units.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard ( Part I ) provides guidance on storage and use of raw hide leather pickers for textile looms including those used in jute mills.

2. RECOMMENDATIONS ON STORAGE AND SEASONING

2.1 First Drying - The pickers should be hung in a cool dry place till they are completely dry and free from moisture. To ensure quicker and

3

IS : 9244 ( Part I ) l 1979

smoother drying, the pickers should not be overcrowded. It is important to note that a damp picker should never be put in oil as the dampness resists the absorption of oil with the result that the oil does not reach the core of the picker.

2.2 Steeping in Oil

2.2.1 The pickers should be placed in oil. Sperm, gallipoli and neats- foot oils are recommended in the given order of preference.

NOTE - Vegetable oils oontain moisture and as such are not suitable for steeping while mineral oils ruin the natural grease of hides thereby rendering them brittle.

2.2.2 Time for steeping in oil varies from a minimum of two months to twelve months. Whether or not steeping in oil is sufficient can be checked by holding a picker against direct sunlight. Generally, longer steeping in oil is found to impart longer life to the pickers.

NOTE l- Accelerated steeping by pressure or vacuum method is also recom- mended though, generally, the picker manufacturers in the small scale industrial sector can hardly afford it. The time required in case of pressure steeping, which is more common method, is two weeks. Care shall be taken, however, to ensure that the staples do not get broken while the pickers are subjected to high pressure during this process.

NOTE 2 - Generally it is presumed that when the picker becomes transluscent the steeping is complete. Actually transparency/transluscency test is indicative of the degree of deliming rather than of steeping.

2.2.3 It is advisable to have the steeping vats with perforated false bottoms so that any water or foreign matter that settles from the oil can get away, otherwise the lower strata of pickers may be steeping in water rather than,in oil.

2.3 Second Drying - The pickers should then be taken out and the oil allowed to drip off. The pickers should be hung in a dry place till they are completely dry. They should be given sufficient time to harden up after steeping in oil. If oil has not dripped off completely, the picker flies off while in use on the loom. It is also likely to stain the loomstate cloth.

2.4 The greatest enemy of leather pickers is moisture and it is essential to see that they are not affected by it while in transit or storage. As a ruIe they should be stored in a cool and dry place,

2.4.1 It has been experienced that atmospheric moisture for a consider- able period has an adverse effect on the life of leather pickers; it is suggested to store the pickers in containers having small quantity of anhydrous silica gel for moisture absorption either during transit or storage.

4

IS : 9244 ( Part I ) - 1979

2.4.2 To avoid fungus problem in the storage of vegetable-tanned leather products, use of p-nitrophenol during tanning is recommended. In the case of chrome-tanning this problem does not arise.

2.5 The process of seasoning of pickers should be completed by the picker manufacturers before pickers are supplied to the textile mills. This will greatly help the mill management to minimize the store inventory and additional cost involved in seasoning. Further, seasoning by manufacturers ensures uniformity in quality.

2.6 It is recommended that each picker should be packed in evacuated and sealed polyethylene bag. The individually packed pickers should be put in a sealed tin container to facilitate easy handling and stacking at mills, and to prevent their deterioration in storage.

2.7 The spilling of the oil from the pickers, while in use on looms, shall not be permitted.

3. RECOMMENDATIONS ON USAGE AND MAINTENANCE TO ENSURE OPTIMUM LIFE OF PICKERS

3.1 A little oil should be applied to the spindle to prevent the hide from being burnt owing to the heat generated by friction while the picker is propelled on the spindle.

3.2 The shuttle box setting should be so adjusted that the shuttle strikes the centre of the mark embossed on the picker for the purpose.

3.3 Shuttle momentum should be well checked by swell springs, otherwise the picker will deteriorate quickly.

3.4 The correct side ofthe picker should be used to start with ( that is, the wire loop side of the picker should be at the striking side initially and the vertical single line joint facing the weaver ). This side should be changed when the hole at the striking point attains a size equal to that of the nose of shuttle tip, the period for which may be about half the picker life. The manufacturer should indicate this side of the picker through a suitable paint or colour marking.

3.5 When pickers are SO constructed that they can be used with either way of the delivery of the shuttle, it is an advantage to place the hollow side of the picker at front.

3.6 The spindle holes are generally small when the pickers are sent from the factory and are bored out to become suitable for the picker spindle. A spiral drill 0.8 mm more in diameter than the spindle, ensures longer wear life and smooth sliding.

5

IS : 9244 ( Part I ) - 1979

3.7 The surface of the spindle should be smooth.

3.8 The spindle hole of the picker should never strike of the spindle block/box end plate in the absence of a in over-pick looms.

the metal surface buffer/check strap

3.9 The buffers are meant for saving pickers and have to be soft, springy and resilient. Used pickers as substitute for buffers have quite an adverse effect on pickers. The hard buffers will make the pickers wear out prematurely from spindle hole portion. The buffers made of plastic material are not suitable for use with hide pickers.

3110 The check straps and swell springs are meant for saving the pickers. Besides swell spring, the check straps should also be properly adjusted so as to form a second line of defence.

3.11 To increase the life of pickers a nylon bush or a sintered metal bush may be inserted in the spindle hole. This will avoid rejection of pickers on the ground of worn-out spindle holes. Replacement of the bush is more economical than replacement of the entire picker.

3.11.1 If the nylon bush is not recommended, the picker manufacturers should supply well seasoned pickers with perfectly drilled spindle hole within a tolerance off 0’ I mm of the size of the spindle.

3.11.2 The drilling operation of the spindle hole of the picker to the correct size is difficult at mill level for want of precision drilling machines, tools and workmanship.

6

IS I 9244 ( Part I ) - 1979

APPENDIX A (1 Clause 0.4 )

SI UNITS

TABLE 1 INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM UNITS

Base Units

QUANTITY

Length

Mass

Time

El ctric current

Thermodynamic temperatur

Luminous intensity

Amount of substance

Supplementary Units

QUANTITY

Plane angle

Solid angle

Derived Units

QUANTITY

Force

Energy

Power

Flux

Flux density

Frequency

Electric conductance

Electromotive force

Pressure, stress

UNIT

metrc

kilogram

second

ampere

kelvin

candela

mole

UNIT

radian

steradian

UNIT

newton

joule

watt

weber

tesla

hertz

siemens

volt

Pascal

SYMBOL

m

kg S

A

K

cd

mol

SYMBOL

rad

sr

SYMBOL

N

J W

Wb

T

HZ

S

V

Pa

DEBINITION

1 N = 1 kg.m/s*

1 J - 1 N.m

1 w - 1 J/s 1 Wb _ 1 V.s

1 T _ 1 Wb/m*

1 Hz 0 1 c/s (s-1)

1 S-IA/V

1 V = 1 W/A

1 Pa - 1 N/m’

7 .p‘

,. k

IS : 9244 ( Part I ) - -1979

TABLE 2 RECOMMENDED SI UNITS FOR TEXTILES

SL CEARA~TEEISTIO No.

(1) (2) 1) Length

2) Width

3) Thickness

4) Linear density

5) Diameter

6) Circumference

7) Threads in fabric:

a) Lengthwke

b) Widthw$e

8) Warp threads in loom

9) Sti;b&; in knitted

a) Lengthwb

b) Widthwise

SE UNIT(S) Il-~-_---)

Unit(s) Abbreviation(s)

APPLIOATION

(3) Millimetre Millimetre,

centimetre Metre

Millimetre Centimetre Millimetre,

centimetre Centimetre, metre

Micrometre ( micron )

Millimetre

Tex Millitrx Decitex Kilotex

Micrometre ( micron )

Millimetre

Millimetre

Number per centimetre

Number per decimetre

Number per centimetre

Number per decimetre

Number per centimrtre

Courses per centimetre

Courses per decimetre

Wales per centimctre

Wales per decimetre

(4) mm mm, cm

m

mm cm mm, cm

cm, m

Pm

mm

tex mtex dtex ktcx

cLm

mm

mm

ends/cm

ends/dm

picks/cm

picks/dm

ends/cm

(5) Fibres Samples, test specimens

( as appropriate) Yarns, ropes, cordages,

fabrics

Narrow fabrics Other fabrics Samples, test specimens

(as appropriate ) Carpets, druggets, DURRIES

( as appropriate )

Delicate fabrics

Other fabrics, carpets, felts

Yarns Fibres Filaments, filament yarns Slivers, ropes cordages

Fibres

Yarns ropes, cordagcs

Ropes, cordages

Woven fabrics (as appropriate )

Reeds

Knitted fabrics appropriate )

( as

courses/cm

courses/tlm

wales/cm

walesjdm

( Conrinurd )

8

IS : 9244 ( Part I) - 1979

TABLE 2 RECOMMENDED SI UNITS FOR TEXTILES - Contd

SL CHARACTERISTIC No.

SE UNIT(S) ?- L

Unit(s) Abbreviation;)

(1) (2)

10) Stitch length

11) Mass per unit area

12) Mass per unit length

13) Twist

(3)

Millimetre

14) Test or gauge length

Grams per square metre

Grams per metre

Turns per centi- metre

Turns per metre

Millimetre, centi- metre

15) Breaking load Millinewton

16) Breaking length

17) Tenacity

18) Twist factor or twist multiplier

19) Bursting strength

20) Tear strength

21) Pile height

22) Pile density

23) Elastic modulus

Newton

Kilometre

Millinewton per tex

Turns per centi- metre X square root of tex

Turns per metre x square root of tex

Newton p er square centi- metre

Millinewton Newton

Millimetre

Mass of pile yarn in grams per square metre per millimetre

(4)

mm

g/m’

g/m turns/cm 1

) turns/m J

mm, cm

mN

N

km

mN/tex

APPLICATION

(5)

Knitted fabrics Made-up fabrics

Fabrics

Fabrics

Yarns, ropes appropriate )

( as

Fibre,. yarn and fabric spectmens priate )

( as appro-

Fibres, delicate yarns (individual or skeins )

Strong yarns ( individual OX- skeins ),. cordages, fabrrcs

ropes,

Yarns

Fibres, yarns ( individual or skeins )

turns/cm -1 x dtex 1

turns/m k Yarns (as appropriate )

x 4Xx I J

N/cm2 Fabrics

mN N

Fabrics ( as appropriate )

mm Carpets

g/m*/mm Pile carpets pile height

pile height Millinewton per mN/tex/ Fibres, yarns, strands

tex per unit unit deformation deform-

ation

9

INDIAN STANDARDS

ON

TEXTILE MILL LEATHER ARTICLES

IS:

1225-1972 Leather picking bands for looms (J;rsr revision )

1619-1976 Buffer band for cop-changing automatic looms (&r rcvirion )

1737-1976 Spring buffers for cotton looms (Jirst revision )

1903-1977 Recommendations on shape and dimensions of jute loom pickers (Jirst revision )

1906-1977 Recommendation for shape,and dimensions of 4B pickers ( second rcuision )

3446-1977 Leather aprons for drafting systems (first revision )

8545-1977 Loom pickers 8546-1977 Requirements for leather or raw-hide exclusively used in the manufacture of

pickers

8547-1977 Recommendations on shape and dimensions of single box picker for automatic looms

8974-1978 Aprons ( combing leathers ) for gill box used on worsted machinery

8975-1978 Aprons ( combing leathers ) for french combs used on worsted machinery

9244 ( Part I )-1979 Code of practice for storage and use of textile mill leather accessories: Part I Pickers

9244 (Part II )-I979 Code of practice for storage and use of textile mill leather accessories: Part II Picking bands