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है”ह”ह

IS 7016-4 (2003): Methods of Test for Coated and TreatedFabrics, Part 4: Rubber - or Plastics-Coated Fabrics -Determination of Resistance to Damage by Flexing [PCD 13:Rubber and Rubber Products]

IS 7016 (Part 4): 2003ISO 7854:1995

Indian Standard

METHODS OF TEST FOR COATED ANDTREATED FABRICS

PART 4 RUBBER-OR PLASTICS-COATED FABRICS — DETERMINATION OFRESISTANCETO DAMAGE BY FLEXING

( Second Revision) ?

ICS 59.080.40

:.,b

@ BIS 2003

April 2003

,.

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

Price Group 5

Rubber and Rubber Products Sectional Committee, PCD 13

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard ( Part 4 ) ( Second Revision ) which is identical with ISO 7854:1995 ‘Rubber- orplastics-coated fabrics — Determination of resistance to damage by flexing’ issued by the InternationalOrganization for Standardization ( ISO ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on therecommendations of the Rubber and Rubber Products Sectional Committee and approval of thePetroleum, Coal and Related Products Division Council.

This standard was first published in 1973 and revised in 1987. In the first revision certain changes hadbeen made in the test procedure, dimension of test pieces and the assessment and expression ofresults in order to update the standard and align with ISO 7854 : 1984 ‘Rubber- or plastics-coatedfabrics — Determination of resistance to damage by flexing ( dynamic method )’. The Committeetherefore decided to revise this standard to completely align with ISO 7854:1995.

The text of ISO Standard has been proposed to be approved as suitable for publication as IndianStandard without deviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in IndianStandards. Attention is particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should beread as ‘Indian Standard’.

b) Comma ( , ) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practiceis to use a point ( . ) as the decimal marker.

In this adopted standard, reference appears to certain International Standards for which Indian Standardsalso exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in their place are listedbelow along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated. However, that InternationalStandard cross-referred in this adopted ISO Standard which has subsequently been revised, position inrespect of latest ISO Standard has been given:

International Standard

LSO 132:1983 Rubber, vulcanized —Determination of flex cracking ( DeMattia )

ISO 1420:1987 Rubber-or plastics-coated fabrics — Determination ofresistance to penetration by water

ISO 2231 :1989 Rubber- or plasticscoated fabrics — Standardatmospheres for conditioning andtesting

ISO 2286:1986 Rubber-or plastics-coated fabrics — Determination ofroll characteristics

Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of Equivalence

Nil —

IS 7016 ( Part 7 ) :1986 Methods Technically equivalentof test for coated and treated fabrics: with minor variationPart 7 Determination of resistance topenetration by water ( first revision)

Nil —

IS 7016 ( Part 1 ) :1982 Methods Technically equivalentof test for coated and treated fabrics: with minor variationPart 1 Roll characteristics ( firstrevision )

In case of ISO 132:1983 and ISO 2231 :1989, the Committee, responsible for the preparation of thisstandard, took cognizance of these standards and decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunctionwith this standard.

For tropical countries like India, the standard temperature and the relative humidity shall be takenas 27 * 2°C and 65 * 5 percent respectively.

IS 7016 (Part 4) :2003ISO 7854:1995

Indian Standard

METHODS OF TEST FOR COATED ANDTREATED FABRICS

PART 4 RUBBER- OR PLASTICS-COATED FABRICS — DETERMINATION OFRESISTANCETO DAMAGE BY FLEXING

( Second Revision)

1 Scope

This International Standard describes three methodsof assessing the resistance of coated fabrics to dam-age by repeated flexing.

2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisionsof this International Standard. At the time of publi-cation, the editions indicated were valid. All standardsare subject to revision, and parties to agreementsbased on this International Standard are encouragedto investigate the possibility of applying the most re-cent editions of the standards indicated below.Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of cur-rently valid International Standards.

ISO 132:1983, Rubber, vulcanized — Determinationof flex cracking (De Mattia).

ISO 1420:1987, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics —Determination of resistance to penetration by water.

ISO 2231:1989, Rubber- or p/astics-coated fabrics —Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing.

ISO 2286:1986, Rubber- or p/astics-coated fabrics —Determination of rol/ characteristics.

3 Method A — De Mat&ia method

3.1 Principle

A rectangular strip of coated fabric is folded twice sothat its long edges meet forming a strip measuring125 mm x 12,5 mm. This folded strip is mounted be-

tween a pair of flat grips, one of which reciprocates,causing the folded test piece to be bent outwards fivetimes per second. This high-speed folding of the testpiece is continued for either a pre-set number of cy-cles or until damage to the test piece is apparent.

3.2 Apparatus

3.2.1 Flex-testing machine, as specified inISO 132, with pairs of flat grips. One of the grips ofeach pair is capable of a reciprocating motion in avertical plane with a stroke length of (57 ‘}5) mm anda frequency of 5,0 Hz ~ 0,2 Hz.

Each pair of grips is positioned so that they are70 mm + 1 mm apart when in the open position and13 mm + 0,5 mm apart when in the closed position.

3.3 Preparation of test pieces

Select six test pieces each 37,5 mm + 1 mm wide x

125 mm long from the usable width of the roll as de-fined in ISO 2286. Three test pieces shall be selectedwith their longer dimension in the longitudinal direc-tion of the roll of coated fabric and three test pieceswith the longer dimension in the transverse directionof the roll of coated fabric. Test pieces shall be se-lected from positions evenly spaced across the fullwidth and length of the sample.

NOTES

1 In the case of woven-fabric substrates, as far as possibleno two test pieces should contain the same threads of thefabric in the direction to be tested.

2 Together with suitable increases in the width of grips,the test piece size may be increased so as to permit sub-sequent hydrostatic-head tests to be conducted.

1

IS 7016 (Part 4) :2003

ISO 7854: 1995

3.4 Conditioning and testing atmosphere

Condition the test pieces in atmosphere A, B or C ofISO 2231:1989, and conduct the test in that atmos-phere.

3.5

Foldwith12,5

Procedure

each test piece twice as illustrated in figure 1,the coating to be tested outermost, along linesmm from each of the longer edges and to a

width of 12,5 mm. Mount each folded test piece be-tween a pair of grips whilst they are in the open pos-ition so that the test piece is slightly taut and so thatthe coating on the centre section of the test piecewill be subjected to an outward fold. Move the gripstogether by hand and guide each test piece into a foldat approximately the midpoint (see figure 1).

Set the apparatus in motion and stop it after thespecified number of cycles or, if the point of failure

or breakdown of the coated fabric is to be deter-mined, stop the apparatus at predetermined intervalsto allow examination of the test piece.

3.6 Examination of test pieces

Examine the test pieces initially whilst retained in thegrips of the flexing apparatus or, if required, removethe test pieces from the grips for a more detailed in-spection in accordance with clause 6. Test pieces re-moved from the grips shall not be remounted.

Terminate flexing either at the specified number ofcycles or at the first inspection at which test piecesshow signs of deterioration or cracking of the typeunder investigation. Where relevant, record at eachexamination the total number of flexes to which thetest pieces have been subjected and assess the flex-ing damage in accordance with clause 6.

Fold 1---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Fold 2_________________________________________________________________________________

All folded plies toremain in contact

Fold 2

Figure 1 — Illustration of folding and configuration of test piece for De Mattia method

2

IS 7016 (Part 4) :2003

ISO 7854:1995

3.7 Test report

The test report shall include the following particulars:

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

4

a reference to this method of test, i.e. Method Aof ISO 7854:1 995;

all details necessary forcoated fabric, includingnumber;

the specified number of

the identification of theany relevant reference

flexes for which the testwas run and at which the examination was madeand/or the number of flexes at final inspection;

the severitv of damage at each inspection, re-ported in accordance with clause 6;

details of any deviation from the standardprocedure.

Method B — Schildknecht method

test

4.1 Principle

A rectangular strip of coated fabric is mounted aroundtwo opposing cylinders so that the test piece takes acylindrical form. One of the cylinders reciprocatesalong its axis, causing the coated-fabric cylinder to bealternately compressed and relaxed, thus inducingfoldk in the test piece. This folding of the coated-fabriccylinder is continued for either a pre-set number ofcycles or until damage to the test piece is apparent.

4.2 Apparatus

4.2.1 Test machine, consisting of a pair or pairs ofmetal cylinders suitably mounted so that the axes ofeach pair lie along an arc having a radius of not lessthan 450 mm. The cylinders are 25,4 mm * 0,1 mmin external diameter and one cylinder of each pair iscapable of a reciprocating motion along its axis at afrequency of 8,3 HZ -+ 0,4 Hz. The stroke length ofthe reciprocating cylinder is 11,7 mm ~ 0,35 mm.

4.2.2 Hose clips or tool clips, 10 mm * 1 mmwide, to attach the test pieces to the cylinders.

4.3 Preparation of test pieces

4.3.1 General

Select six test pieces each 105 mm long x 50 mmwide from the usable width of the roll as defined in

ISO 2286. Three test pieces shall be selected withtheir longer dimension in the longitudinal direction ofthe roll of coated fabric and three test pieces withtheir longer dimension in the transverse direction ofthe roll of coated fabric. Test pieces shall be selectedfrom positions evenly spaced across the full width andlength of the sample.

NOTE 3 In the case of woven-fabric substrates, as far aspossible no two test pieces should contain the samethreads of the fabric in the direction to be tested.

4.3.2 Test pieces for subsequenthydrostatic-head testing

When hydrostatic-head tests are to be subsequentlyconducted in accordance with method B ofISO 1420:1987, the test piece size used for flexingshall be 105 mm x 65 mm and the test piece forhydrostatic-head testing shall be taken from the cen-tral portion of the flexed test piece.

4.4 Condtiioning and testing atmosphere

Condition the test pieces in atmosphere A, B or C ofISO 2231:1989, and conduct the test in that atmos-phere.

4.5 Procedure

Mount each test piece, with the coating to be evalu-ated outermost, around two opposing cylinders thatare in the fully open position with the length of thetest piece around the circumference of the cylinders.Secure the test pieces into position on each cylinderby means of a clip (4.2.2). Ensure that the distancebetween the inside faces of the attachment clips

(4.2.2) k 36 mm + 1 mm. When using enlarged testpieces 65 mm wide (see 4.3.2), the free length ofunclamped test piece shall be 44 mm A 1 mm (seefigure 2).

Set the apparatus in motion and stop it after thespecified number of cycles or, if the point of failureor breakdown of the coated fabric is to be deter-mined, stop the apparatus at predetermined intervalsto allow examination of the test piece.

4.6 Examination of test pieces

Examine the test pieces initially whilst retained in theclips around the mounting cylinders or, if required,remove the test pieces from the clips for a more de-tailed inspection in accordance with clause 6. Testpieces removed from the clips shall not be re-mounted.

3

IS 7016 (Part 4) :2003

ISO 7854:1995

Dimensions in millimetres

‘0’’’’”+

T T7 - ODenDosition A T_’1

Stroke length11,7 * 0,35 —

--LCoated-fabric 1

test piece

Hose clip

rotating cylinder

a) Standard 105 mm x 50 mm test piece b) Enlarged 105 mm x 65 mm test piece

Figure 2 — Mounting the test pieces

Terminate flexing either at the specified number of

cycles or at the first inspection at which test pieces

show signs of deterioration or cracking of the type

under investigation. Where relevant, record at each

examination the total number of flexes to which the

test pieces have been subjected and assess the flex-

ing damage in accordance with clause 6.

NOTE 4 It is possible to remove the test pieces for ex-amination from the apparatus whilst still ~etained by theclips. This permits the test pieces to be re-inserted in theapparatus and flexing continued if so required, without in-terfering with the folded configuration of the test piecescaused by flexing.

4.7 Test report

The test report shall include the following particulars:

a)

b)

a reference to this method of test, i.e. Method Bof ISO 7854:1 995;

all details necessay for the identification of thecoated fabric, including any relevant referencenumber;

c)

d)

e)

5

the specified number of flexes for which the testwas run and at which the examination was madeand/or the number of flexes at final inspection;

the severity of damage at each inspection, re-ported in accordance with clause 6;

details of any deviations from the standard testprocedure.

Method C — Crumple/flex method

5.1 Principle

A rectangular test piece of coated fabric is sewn intoa cylindrical shape. The cylinder of coated fabric ismounted between two discs and secured into pos-ition. One of the discs oscillates on its axis through

approximately 90”. This induces twisting in thecoated-fabric test piece cylinder. At the same time,the other disc reciprocates along its axis, thus causingthe cylindrical test piece to compress along its length.This twisting and simultaneous compressing of thecylindrical test piece is continued for either a pre-setnumber of cycles or until damage to the test piece isapparent.

4

IS 7016 (Part 4) :2003

ISO 7854:1995

5.2 Apparatus

The apparatus consists essentially of two opposingflanged or shouldered discs, with (180 ‘~) mmbetween the inside faces of the flanges at maximumdisc separation. The unflanged part of each disc is63,5 mm in ,diameter x 15,0 mm face width. Thediscs are mounted along the same axis with theiredges 152,4 mm apart at their maximum separation

(see figure 3). One disc shall be capable of movingtowards the other along their common axis for a dis-tance of 70,0 mm, thus inducing compression into thecylindrical test piece at the rate of 2,53 Hz +0,07 Hz, i.e. (152 + 4) compression strokes per min-ute. The second disc shall be capable of turningthrough an angle of 90° + 2°, thus inserting twist intothe cylindrical test piece at a frequency of3,33 Hz t 0,17 Hz, i.e. (200 A 10) twist insertionsper minute.

Counters record the total number of compressionstrokes inserted during a test and the frequency atwhich the machine is operating.

5.3 Preparation of test pieces

5.3.1 General

Select two test pieces each 220 mm long x 190 mmwide from the usable width of the roll as defined inISO 2286. One test piece shall be selected with itslonger dimension in the longitudinal direction of theroll of coated fabric and one test piece with the longerdimension in the transverse direction of the roll ofcoated fabric. Each test piece shall be sewn into acylindrical shape 190 mm long x 64 mm inside diam-eter with the coating face to be evaluated outermost,as illustrated in figure 4.

5.3.2 Test pieces for subsequenthydrostatic-head testing

When subsequent hydrostatic-head tests are to beconducted in accordance with ISO 1420, test piecesfor hydrostatic-head testing shall be taken from thecrumple/flex test piece in accordance with figure 5.

5.4 Conditioning and testing atmosphere

Condition the test pieces in atmosphere A, B or C ofISO 2231:1989, and conduct the test in that atmos-phere.

5.5 Procedure

Check that the apparatus is functioning at the requiredspeed before proceeding with the test.

Mount the cylindrical test piece between the discs sothat each end of the test piece butts up to the inside

face of the shoulder on the disc.

NOTE 5 This ensures that there is approximately 10 mmof slack in the test piece when mounted.

Ensure when mounting the test piece that the oscil-lating disc is set at the mid-point of its oscillato~cycle, i.e. at zero torque, and that the sewn seam (see5.3) is in line with the mid-point of the oscillating disc

(i.e. uppermost on a horizontal machine).

NOTES

6 The alignment of the sewn seam with the mid-point ofthe oscillating disc on a horizontally oriented machine is toreduce the effect of test piece sag when mounted, whichcan influence the effectiveness of the test.

7 The speed of the machine may require adjusting duringthe test to offset the reduced damping effect of the testpiece as the test proceeds. Heavier or thicker-coated fabricswill tend to have a greater damping effect at the start of thetest and may therefore require greater adjustment as thedamping effect is reduced during the test due to folding andheating up of the test piece.

Set the apparatus in motion and stop it after thespecified number of cycles or, if the point of failureor breakdown of the coated fabric is to be deter-mined, stop the apparatus at predetermined intervalsto allow examination

5.6 Examination

of the test piece.

of test pieces

Examine the test pieces initially whilst retained in theapparatus. Move the discs to the closed position andexamine the test pieces for signs of cracking or de-terioration.

Terminate flexing either at the specified number ofcycles or at the first inspection at which test piecesshow signs of deterioration or cracking of the typeunder investigation. Where relevant, record at eachexamination the total number of flexes to which thetest pieces have been subjected and assess the fiex-ing damage in accordance with clause 6.

IS 7016 (Part 4) :2003

ISO 7854:1995

Dimensionsin millimetres

90” twist

w200 twists perminute

ccc

~ Clamp ring or clipr

Slack 10

—

—.

15 72,4 min.

152

5+3

L‘.. _ .

.

—

180 0 between shoulders

.

.

1—._52 strokesIer minute

Illustrative diagram of crumple/flex apparatus

Dimensions in millimetres

---------------- _____—-- —_____________

L---------------___________________\

Outside (second)stitch line (B)

rInside (first) stitch lines (AA)

/

Outside (second)

r stitch line (B)

.-L______________________________---------------- ______________________

190

a) Test piece marked for stitching

BA

AA

AB

Figure 4 — Configuration of test piece for crumple/flex method

\

IS 7016 (Part 4) :20031s0 7854:1995

Dimensions in millimetres

om

—\

A = for use in method A of ISO 1420; B = for use in method B of ISO 1420.

Figure 5 — Selection of test pieces for hydrostatic-head testing from crumple/flex test pieces

5.7 Test report

The test report shall include the following particulars:

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

a reference to this method of test, i.e. Method Cof ISO 7854:1 995;

all details necessary for the identification of thecoated fabric, including any relevant referencenumber;

the specified number of flexes for which the testwas run and at which the examination was madeand/or the number of flexes at final inspection;

the severity of damage at each inspection, re-ported in accordance with clause 6;

details of any deviation from the standard testprocedure.

6 Analysis of flexing damage

6.1 Assessment and description

6.1.1 Assessment of flex crack resistance

Assess the overall appearance, taking into account allvisible factors such as wrinkling, cracking, flaking anddiscoloration. Compare the flexed test pieces withthe unflexed material and grade the flexed materialaccording to the following four-part scale relative tothe unflexed material, without magnification, as de-terioration in appearance:

O None

1 Slight

2 Moderate

3 Severe

NOTE 8 Intermediate assessments are acceptable.

7

IS 7016 (Part 4) :2003

ISO 7854: 1995

6.1.2 Description of damage 6.2.3 Number of cracks

Describe the type of damage, if any, which is present. Record the number of cracks of lowest grade, rep-

resenting the worst degree of cracking. If there are

more than 10, simply report “over 10“.

6.2 Cracking 6.2.4 Length of cracks

Record the length, in millimetres, of the longest crack

6.2.1 Generalof the lowest grade, representing the worst degreeof cracking.

Using a x 10 lens or, preferably, a xl O stereo micro-

scope, examine the test piece closely and report the6,3 Delamination

depth, number and length of the cracks, if any, in ac- In order to assess whether delamination has occurredcordance with 6.2.2, 6.2.3 and 6.2.4. to any appreciable degree, either test specifically for

significant changes in coating adhesion or test for

changes in performance in terms of abrasion or snag

6.2.2 Depth of cracking resistance, wicking or hydrostatic-head resistance.Alternatively, cut through the whole thickness of the

Grade the depth of cracking according to the follow- material at a point where its occurrence is suspecteding: to reveal delamination.

,,~i,,j no cracking;

“A” surface or finish crack, not exposing the cel-lular or middle layer;

“B “ cracking into but not right through the middlelayer, o!. in the case of single-layer coatings,not exposing the base fabric;

“c” cracking through to the base fabric;

“D “ cracking right through the material.

NOTES

9 Delamination may not be apparent or visible but maynevertheless still render the coated fabric more susceptibleto abrasion da’mage, snagging and wicking and may alsoreduce the hydrostatic-head resistance.

10 These are optional additional tests and do not relate tothe flexing test, save as a means of assessing the effectof flexing on the coated fabric.

8

IS 7016 (Part 4) :2003

ISO 7854:1995

Annex A(informative)

Recommendations for conducting flex testing on wet test pieces

A.1 Wetting-out

Soak the test pieces to be tested for 30 rein, at one of the standard temperatures defined in ISO 2231, in a 2 %solution of sodium oleate, using a liquor ratio of 20:1.

A.2 Mounting

Without shaking the test pieces or otherwise drying off the excess moisture, mount the wetted test pieces in the

flexing apparatus with the coating to be evaluated outermost and carry out the test as required.

NOTE 11 When the test pieces in methods B and C are mounted in an apparatus with its axis oriented vertically, it is inad-visable to conduct flex testing on wet test pieces.

.

9

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Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standardsshould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issueof ‘BIS Catalogtie’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from DOC : No. PCD 13 ( 1987).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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