Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 5701-9 (1979): Code for breeding, care, management andhousing of laboratory animals, Part 9: Laboratory pigeons[FAD 5: Livestock Feeds, Equipment and Systems]

IS I 5701 ( Part IX ) - 1979

Indian Standard CODE FOR

BREEDING, CARE, MANAGEMENT AND HOUSING OF LABORATORY ANIMALS

PART IX LABORATORY PIGEONS

Live Animals Sectional Committee, AFDC 24

Chairman

DR H. G. SIN

Members

Representing

Ciba-Geigy of India Limited, Bombay

SHRI M. M. MATHEWS ( Alternak to Dr H. G. Sen )

DR,,V. S. ALWAR Animal Welfare Board ( Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation ), Madras

Da S. R. CHADEA ( Alternate ) ANIMAL HUSBANDRY COMMIS- Ministry of Agriculture & Irrigation, Department of

SIONER TO THE GOVERNMENT Agriculture, New Delhi OF INDIA

Da ZACHARIAH MATHEW ( Alternate ) DR ( SYT ) BHAVANI BELAVADY Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi

DR K. C. PANT ( Alkrnak ) DR C. W. BROACH Central Drug Research Institute ( CSIR ), Lucknow

&RI J. N. S. YADAV ( Alternate ) DR D. P. BUDUK Haffkine Bio;Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited,

Bombav DR V. H..APTE ( Alternate )

Da P. J. DEOAAS In personal capacity ( 34IIA. ‘ Sahitva Sahowas ‘. Bandra Eari, Bombay ) _ -

DIRECTOR SHRI J. H. DESAI ( Alkrnats )

Delhi Zoological Park, New Delhi

DIRECTOR, PHARMACOPOEIA Drugs Controller ( India ), Directorate General of LABORATORY, GHAZIABAD Health Services, New Delhi

SHRI S. C. GUPTA ( Atkrnak ) DR JAWAHAR SIN~H GREWAL Director of Animal Husbandry, Government of

DR MANOHAR SXNQE ( Alkrnate ) Haryana, Chandigarh

SERI B. S. GUPTA Indian Airlines, New Delhi SHRI U. K. SHARMA ( Alkrnate )

( Continued on page 2 )

Q Copyright IY7Y INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

IS : 5701 (Part 1X ) - 1979

( Confinucd from page 1 )

Members Represanting

SHRI K. S. GUPTA Chief Controller of Imports & Exports, New Delhi SERI M. S. DARBARI ( Alternate )

DR V. G. JHINGRAN Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute ( ICAR ), Barrackpore

JOINT DIRECTOR ( TRAWIO Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways ), New Delhi RATES )

JOINT DIRECTOR ( TRAFFIO COMMERCIAL ) ( Altcrnatc )

DR J. M. KATYAL Indian Drugs & Pharmaceutical Ltd, Rishikesh DR R. C. MATHUR ( Alternate )

DR S. N. KAUSHIK Indian Veterinary Research Institute ( ICAR ), Izatnagar

SRRI S. C. DAS ( Altcrnatc ) BRIG K. S. KUTTY Directorate of Remount Veterinary Services, Army

Headquarters MAJ A. K. MITAL ( Alternate )

COL G. L. LUTHRA Directorate of Military Farms, Quarter Master General’s Branch, Army Headquarters

SHRI R. K. TRIPATHI ( Alternate ) DR A. C. MATHUR Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi

SRRI 0. P. TEJPAL ( AItcrnatc ) DR DEV RAJ NARANG The All India Society for Prevention of Cruelty to

Animals, Calcutta HONORARY SECRETARY ( Alternate )

SHRI NARPAT SINQH Air India, Bombay SHRI R. TIWARI ( Altrrnatc )

. ( Bombay ) SHRI B. 1~. PARASHAR ( Altrrnatr 1

SHRI l!.DE”‘%r~a;~ao~ . ’ T. E. Patterson ( India ) Private Ltd, New Delhi SHRI D. D. DHAWAN ( Alternate )

SHRI M. S. RAT Vita Private Ltd, Delhi DR C. RAJKUMAR ( Altrrnate )

DR J. C. SURI National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Delhi

DR A. R. TRIAGARAJAN Committee for the Purpose of Controlling and Supervising Experiments on Animals, Bombay

DR V. T. DANIEL ( Alternate ) DR T. N. VAISHNAV Directorate of Animal Husbandry, Government of

Gujarat, Ahmadabad SRRI G. T. PANDYA ( Alternate )

SHRI T. PURNANANDAM, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o&i0 Member ) Director ( Agri & Food )

SRRIS. K.SUD Deputy Director ( Agri & Food ), IS1

( Continurd on pUg6 10 )

IS : 5701 ( Part IX ) - 1979

Indian Standard CODE FOR

BREEDING, CARE, MANAGEMENT AND HOUSING OF LABORATORY ANIMALS

PART IX LABORATORY P~IGEONS

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part IX) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 22 May 1979, after the draft finalized by the Live Animals Sectional Committee had been approved by the Agricultural and Food Products Division Council.

~0.2 Laboratory animals bred and maintained scientifically are necessary to get comparable results in biological experiments. The present code lays down guidelines for breeding, care, management and housing of labora- tory pigeons so that a large number of animals of uniform quality is available. It is hoped that the code would streamline and step up facili- ties for biomedical research.

0.2.1 The common pigeons ( Columba livia ) which are distributed throughout the country are mostly seen in a semi-domesticated condition living as a commensal of man. This semi-feral stock has thoroughly adjusted-to the din and bustle of urban life and is now well established in many cities and towns of the country.

0.3 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of specified value in this standard.

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1. SCOPE

1.1 This code ( Part IX ) prescribes conditions for housing, sanitation, personnel, hygiene, feeding, watering, disease control, etc, in relation to care, breeding and management of laboratory pigeons.

*Kulcs for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

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IS : 5701 ( Part IX ) - 1979

2. LOCATION OF HOUSES

2.1 Animal houses should be located in dry and well-drained areas free from smoke, obnoxious fumes, dust, noise or extremes of temperature.

2.2 Animal houses should have sufficient space for service units and movement of animals and staff.

2.3 The area chosen should be maintained hygienically and should not be overcrowded.

3. CONSTRUCT-ION

3.1 Walls - The walls should be fire-resistant and impervious to moisture and vermin-proof. In high altitude areas, walls should have thermal insulation.

3.2 Interior - The inner surface of the walls should be waterproof, smooth and easy to clean.

3.3 Roof - Concrete roof with suitable insulation is preferable. In case the roof is made of sheets or tiles, a false ceiling which~is waterproof and temperature- and vermin-proof should be provided.

3.4 Floor - The floor shall be constructed of cement concrete or marble chips and shall be waterproof and preferably acid-proof. The floor should be free from cracks and crevices. The junctions of floor, ceiling and walls of the rooms should be coved to avoid accumulation of dirt and dust.

3.5 Doors - Rooms facing each other across a corridor should not have doors opposite to each other. The doors should be made of material which is moisture- and vermin-proof. A metallic sheet may be provided at the lower portion of the doors in case of wooden doors. Adequate latches and locking arrangement shall be provided.

3.6 Windows - There should be adequate provision for windows. The construction of windows should be such that accumulation of dust is minimized.

3.7 Openings - Adequate air-exhaust provisions should be made in the animal house. The openings should be vermin-proof. Their frames should be sealed and screened.

3.8 Corridors and Cubicle

3.8.1 There should be adequate provision for corridors in order to protect the animal rooms from direct rays of the sun, rain, heat and cold.

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IS : 5701( Part IX ) - 1979

3.8.2 In order to minimize the risk of infection due to the frequent use of the entrance door by the personnel, a cubicle should be provided at the entrance of each block. This cubicle may also be used for changing of clothes and shoes.

3.9 Light

3.9.1 There should be adequate arrangements for lighting inside the rooms. Lighting fixtures, switches, etc, shall be so designed and construc- ted that these do not afford shelter for vermin. All the control switches should be kept, as far as possible, outside the rooms.

3.9.2 Arrangements should be made to provide periods of light and darkness in each 24 hours cycle. A light period of 14 to 16 hours should be given in each day.

3.10 Ventilation and Temperature

3.10.1 Each animal room should have gadgets on outside wall to know the temperature and percentage humidity. In case of an air-conditioned animal house, air-circulation measurement device should also be provided. Animal room temperature should be maintained at or around 20°C. The relative humidity level should be maintained between 50 to 60 percent. Continuous fresh air supply is recommended in case of non-air-conditioned animal rooms. When air-conditioned, a ventilating system capable of giving 8 to 10 changes of fresh air per hour is recommended. The controls for lighting, air-conditioning, exhaust fans, etc, should be located outside the animal room.

3.10.2 Brooders - A brooder is a draught-free box or pen with a heat source. It should be so arranged that the chicks never become chilled, as also they may move -away from the heat source if they become too hot. The temperature inside the brooder should be between 32 to 35°C. One 250-watt infrared lamp hung 400 mm above the floor is sufficient for brooding 100 chicks. Dry mash or pellets as recommended for poultry may be suitable for newly hatched chicks and should be available inside the brooder along with water. At the end of 4 or 5 weeks chicks may be transferred to chambers.

4. HOUSING AND EQUIPMENT

4.1 Pigeons should be kept in small rooms ( 3 X 3 x 3 m ) having concrete floor provided with chambers ( holes ) of 25 x 20 x 10 cm size made up of tiles on all three walls at a height of 1’5 m from the ground. These may be constructed in two or three tiers and the space in each chamber should be sufficient only for one egg-laying female. A perch made up of galvanized iron pipe ( 1 to 2 cm diameter ) should be

5

IS25701 ( Part IX )-I979

constructed below each tier. The entrance door of the room should be made of galvanized iron mesh ( 2 X 2 cm ) with locking devices. Extra perches may be provided in the room.

4.2 Nesting in each chamber may be done with dry fine small sticks, rubbish and feathers. Periodically, nests should be examined and if necessary, may be replaced.

5. FEEDING AND WATERING

5.1 The pigeons should be fed with cereals and pulses, such as, maize, jowar, moong DAL, groundnut and weed seeds, small tubers ad libitum in feeding cans fixed in three corners of the floor. Calcium grit should be made available to the pigeons ad libitum.

5.2 As pigeons are greedy drinkers they usually drink by burying their bills in the water and taking long draughts without withdrawing them. For making water available at all times water cans should be fixed at three corners adjacent to the feeding cans.

6. CLEANING, DISINFECTION AND WASTE DISPOSAL

6.1 Cleaning of Pigeon House - The pigeon house should have adequate sanitizing and washing facilities. Suitable soap and disinfectant should be used for floor cleaning.

6.2 Cleanliness of Cages, Feeders and Waterers - Cages and other equipment should be changed and/or sanitized at least once every two weeks. Bottom trays should be cleaned daily. Autoclaving of equipm- ents should preferably be at 120°C for 20 minutes at a pressure of 100 kPa ( 1 kgf/cma ). Suitable disinfectants and washing soap may be used for cage washing. The washing facility should be so located as to cause least disturbance to the animals.

6.3 Cleaning and Disinfection of Incubator - After a hatch, the incubator shall be thoroughly disinfected, the loose fittings should be removed and washed with 4 percent washing soda in hot water and then washed or sprayed with sodium hypochlorite solution. Larger machines L should be fumigated between hatches with formaldehyde gas generated by mixing 40 percent commercial formalin with potassium permanganate. ( 112 ml of formalin and 80 g of potassium permanganate are sufficient for 3 ms incubator space). If eggs are in the machine during fumigation, the ventilator ports should be left open and the fan running.

6.4 Waste Disposal

6.4.1 All waste should be collected and disposed of in a safe and hygienic manner. If waste cans ( or bins ) are used these should be made of metal or plastic, should be leak-proof and equipped with tightfitting

6

IS : 5701 (Part IX)- 1979

Bids. It is desirable to keep in each room a small waste can which should have leak-proof disposable containers inside, such as thick paper or plastic bags for receiving carcasses of the chicks and tissues. Such bags may be collected and transferred to the larger waste-bins, kept outside for prompt disposal.

6.4.2 The waste material should be removed from the pigeon rooms regularly at frequent intervals. If storage of waste materials prior to removal is necessary, the holding area should also be located in a place physically separate from the main animal rooms and free from flies, cockroaches, rodents and other pests. The waste materials should be finally disposed of preferably by incineration or by other methods prescri- bed by local municipal or civic bodies.

7. BREEDING

7.0 Mating takes place all the year round particularly in May to July. Females lay 2 eggs in succession, which are white and elliptical.

7.1 Clean eggs with strong shell and of uniform thickness and shape should be selected. If possible, eggs may be candled to reveal defects which would otherwise reduce hatchability. Eggs with following defects may not be selected for hatching:

a) A tremulous air space,

b) The presence of blood or meat spots, and

c) Mottling of the shell.

7.2 Storage of Eggs for Incubation - Eggs may be stored at 10 to 15°C in a draught free container with 80 percent humidity for up to 8 days, but it is better to start incubation within a day or two of laying.

7.3 Artificial Incubation of Eggs

7.3.1 This should be done in an incubator. The factors as given in 7.3.1.1 to 7.3.1.4 should be controlled.

7.3.1.1 Vcnfilation - Proper ventilation should be provided as poor ventilation results in the accumulation of carbon dioxide which may poison newly hatched chicks.

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7.3.1.2 Temperature - The temperature should be so maintained as to keep the temperature within the egg at 38°C. As the embryo -develops it gives off heat, so the environmental temperature inside the incubator should be lowered gradually over the course of incubation SO that the temperature of the egg remains constant.

7.3.1.3 Humidity - The relative humidity in the incubator should be constantly maintained as closely as possible to 60 percent during incubation, and increased to 80 percent at this time of hatching.

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IS : 5701 ( Part IX ) - 1979

7.3.1.4 Turning of the eggs - Eggs should be turned at least twice daily to prevent the adhesion of the embryo to the shell membrane.

8. HATCHING

8.1 Newly hatched chicks should be removed to a brooder as soon as they have dried because they require more oxygen than is usually availabale in the atmosphere inside an incubator.

9. LITTER

9.1 Granulated peat moss, saw dust, chopped straw or sand may be used as materials for litter.

10. PERSONNEL

10.1 All persons recruited for work in animal houses should have a natural aptitude for -handling animals and they should be given training for their particular duties before they may be given independent charge of the work.

10.2 The persons required to handle animals should be of sound health and not be suffering from infectious disease communicable to animals or other fellow-workers. Medical examination prior to recruitment and at periodical intervals should be arranged.

10.3 The worker,‘before entering the animal premises, should wash his hands, feet and face with soap and water. He should take a shower, where necessary. He should either completely change the street-clothes with uniforms or apparel issued specifically for the purpose or at least cover his own clothes, provided they are reasonably clean, with protective apparel. The protective apparel should consist of a cotton-apron or coat which covers the body from neck to knees and arms up to elbows, a suitable cover for the head, a white cloth mask which covers the nose and mouth and soft shoes or footwear. These a-rticles should be’ issued to individuals by name and should be stored when not in use in lockers or shelves where they will not be contaminated with the clothes of others. Before leaving the animal house for the day, the apparel should be removed and placed at the proper place. In no case should the clothes, shoes, etc, be allowed to be taken out of the premises. Clothing should be laundered every day.

10.4 During work time, workers should be instructed to wash their hands with soap and water as often as necessary. Individual absorbent towels. or other hygienic facilities for drying hands should be available near the wash-basins.

18.5 Persons should be allotted work in such a manner that the same- person handles the same batch of animals daily except in emergencies. No one except the person allotted to a room should be admitted into it, All duties within a room should be performed by the same individual.

8

IS : 5701 ( -Part IX ) - 1979

10.6 No material other than those required for work should be permitted to be taken into the animal rooms. Eating food, chewing pan or smoking in the rooms should be prohibited. Adequate provision for drinking water for the workers should be made in the corridors. Toilets for workers should be located outside the animal rooms and every time they visit the toilet rooms they should follow all the procedures required while leaving or entering the animal house.

10.7 Floor mats soaked in a suitable disinfectant may be placed at the entrance of each block of animal room so that footwear may be wiped against them before entering or leaving the rooms.

11. DISEASE AND PARASITE CONTROL PROCEDURE

11.1 Adequate precautions including quarantine, periodical inspectionand preventive measures should be enforced to prevent infestation of the animals by ectoparasites or infectious diseases.

11.2 All fresh batches of animals received should be quarantined for a period of at least two weeks ( preferably three weeks ) in separate premises before being introduced into the regular stock, Only healthy animals should be allowed to enter the premises.

11.3 Infestation by external parasites, if it occurs, should be immediately eliminated by (a) removal, if possible, of the infested animals themselves, and (b) by locating and treating the source of infestation with insecticides or other methods.

11.4 All dead animals should be immediately removed in closed containers. The cause of death should be investigated and if traced, steps should be taken to prevent the spread of the infection. Suitable laboratory facilities for this purpose should be provided in each animal house. In the case of very small animal houses, collaboration with competent laboratories may be arranged for such investigation.

11.5 Coccidiostat or antibiotics may be added in food or drinking water provided experimental conditions so permit and risk of contacting disease is considered likely.

12. OFFICER-IN-CHARGE

12.1 The person actually in charge of the animal house should be a - veterinarian.

13. RECORDS

13.1 Suitable records shall be maintained for breeding, mating, culling, feeding and mortality.

13.2 Records shall also be maintained for the following:

a) Production of eggs; b) Date of vaccination; c) Incidence of infection in a flock; and d) Supply of chicks, identification.

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IS : 5701 ( Part IX ) - 1979

( Continued from page 2 )

Laboratory Animal Husbandry and Transport Subcommittee, AFDC 24 : 3

Convener

DR P. J. DE~RAS 341 /A, ‘ Sahitya Sahawas ‘, Bandra East, Bombay

Members Representing

DR V. S. AI.WAR Animal Welfare Board ( Ministry of Agriculture & Irrigation ), Madras

DR S. R. CHADHA ( Alternate ) DR ( SMT) BHAVANI BELAVADY Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi

DR K. C. PANT ( Affernate ) DR M. BALASUBRAHMANYAN Central Research Institute, Kasauli

DR K. R. BHAX~WAJ ( Alternate ) DR C. W. BROACH Central Drug Research Institute ( CSIR ), Lucknow

DR V. P. KAMBOJ ( Alternate ) DR D. P. BUDUE Haffkine Bio-pharmaceutical Corporation Limited,

Bombav DR V. H. APTE ( Alternafe )

DR G. P. DAS Sarabhai Research Centre, Vadodara DR D. C. BA&%IK ( Alternate )

SHRI B. S. GUFTA Indian Airlines, New Delhi SHRI U. K. SHARMA ( Alternate )

Dn N. B. K~JPPURAJAN King Institute, Guindy, Madras DR S. M. SAMUEL JOHNSON ( Alternate )

Dn D. N. NAIE Bayer ( India ) Limited, Thane SHRI V. P. THAIIRE ( Alternate )

SHRI NARPAT SINGR Air India, Bombay SHRI R. TI~AI~I ( Alternate )

( Bombay ) SHRI B. L. PAXASIIAR ( Alternate )

( Delhi ) DR P. C. PANDA

DR M. A. PATEL

Central Food Technological Research Institute ( CSIR ), Mysore

Drug Research Laboratory, Vadodara SHRI B. M. PATEL ( Alternafe )

PROF M. R. N. P~tas~n University of Delhi, Department of Zoolony. Deihi DR P. K. K.4c~ ( Alternate )

DR B. S. RAJYA Indian Veterinary Research Institute ( ICAR ), Izatnanar

DR H. G. SEN Ciba-Geigy-of India Limited, Bombay SHRI M. M. MATHEWS ( Alternate )

DR D. SHANKAR NARAYAN University Grants Commission, New Delhi DR S. K. DASQXJPTA ( Alternate )

DR J. C. STJRI National Institute Delhi

of Communicable Diseases,

DR A. R. TAIAQA~AJAN Committee for the Purpose of Controlling & Super- vising Experiments on Animals, Bombay

DR V. T. DANIEL ( Alternate ) DR B. M. L. VARMANI Indu;;~~o’Iwoxicology Research Centre ( CSIR ),

DR P. K. GUPTA ( Alfernate )

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