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Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
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“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
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है”ह”ह
IS 15708 (2006): Road vehicles - brake linings - shear testprocedure for disc brake pad and drum brake shoe assemblies[TED 4: Automotive Braking Systems]
1S15708:2006
$Fd)3mn
Indian Standard
ROAD VEWCLES — BRAKE LINNGS — sHEm ‘TESTPROCEDURE FOR DISC BRAKE PAD AND l’X.UM
BRAKE SHOE ASSEMBLIES
Ics 43.040.40
$3 HIS 2006
BUREAU C)I?INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADt3R SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELI-H 1IWW2
Automotive Braking Systems, Vehicle Testing and Performance Evaluation Sectional Committee, TED 4
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, afler the drafi finalized by the AutomotiveBraking Systems, Vehicle Testing and Performance Evaluation Sectional Committee had been approved by theTransport Engineering Division Council.
This standard is basedonISO6312: 2001 ‘Road vehicles — Brake linings — Shear test procedure for disc brakepad and drum brake shoe assemblies’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization (1S0). Thisstandard is basically adoption of 1S0 6312. Keeping in view the practical difficulties in testing the sample within30 s after removal from the heating unit as specified in clause 7 (b) ofISO6312, the Committee responsible forthe formulation of this standard has decided to adopt this 1S0 Standard with minor deviation as below:
In clause 7 (b) Substitute ’60 s’ for ’30 s’.
The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex B.
In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard is to be rounded off, it shall bedone in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revise~’.
IS 15708:2006
Indian Standard
ROAD VEHICLES — BRAKE LININGS — SHEAR TESTPROCEDURE FOR DISC BRAKE PAD AND DRUM
BRAKE SHOE ASSEMBLIES
1 SCOPE
This standard specifies a method for measuring thestrength of the bond connection between the liningmaterial and the carrier in disc brake pad and drumshoe assemblies (shear strength). This standard isapplicable to integrally moulded, riveted and bondedassemblies of both types of brake on road vehicles.
2 REFERENCE
The following standard contains provision, whichthrough reference in this text, constitutes provision ofthis standard. At the time of publication, the editionindicated was valid. All standards are subject to revisionand parties to agreements based on this standard areencot.traged to investigate the possibility of applyingthe most recent edition of the standard indicated below:
IS No. Title
11852 Automotive vehicles — Brakes and(Part 1): 2001 braking systems: Part 1Terminology
3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this standard, the terms anddefinitions given in IS 11852 (Part 1)and the followingshall apply.
3.1 Lining — Friction material component of a brakelining assembly.
3.2 Carrier — Component of a brake lining assemblyto which the friction pad is attached.
3.3 Bond Area — Contact area between lining andcarrier.
3.4 Shear Strength — Ratio of the load at failuredivided by the bond area.
4 SYMBOLS AND UNITS
The symbols and preferred units used in this standardare given in Table 1.
Table 1 Symbols and Units
S1 No. Quantity Symbol Unit
(1) (2) (3) (4)
O Shear force at failure F N
ii) ,.%reaof bond A mmz
iii) Shear strengthat failure T MPa
5 SAMPLING AND CONDITIONING
This procedure may be used on samples during productdevelopment, on finished products, or after specialtreatment or usage.
Testing may be performed on a complete assembly orsection of an assembly.
Sample edges mybe prepared to ensure good contact withthe loading and fixed tools. Shims should be removed.
When testing a lined shoe, the test area may cover thefill assembly or segments of an assembly confined bysaw cutting down to the. carrier (see Fig. 1).
Five samples should be used.
NOTE — The testproeedurcapplies a load in a direction whichmight not be in accordance with the loading direction of theproduct in service. The shearbehaviour could be influenced byhigh aspectratio, chamfered or slotted pads.
6 TEST RIG AND FIXTURES
6.1 Test Rig
The test rig shall be a compression or tensile testingmachine or similar (shear testing) machine of sufficientcapacity to apply the shearing load by activating a ram.
The test rig shall be provided with equipment to registerthe exact load applied at the instant of shear failure.
The load application rate shall be controlled in such away that the load increases at an average rate of 4500+ 1000 N/s (as determined from typical vehicle-basedevaluation). If a constant crosshead speed machine isbeing used the load rate shall be set to 10* 1 mm/min.This shall be indicated in the results, which, it shall benoted, cannotbe comparedto testsconducted on machinesof the constant load type. Shock loading shall be avoided.
6.2 Fixture
6.2.1 General
The shearing test fixture shaIIJave the means to hold atest sample such that it is parallel to the loading tool.This tool shall have a radius of 1.5 mm at the part incontact with the test sample.
6.2.2 Drum Brake Shoe AssembIy
The fixture (see Fig. 2) shall be designed so that the
IS 15708:2006
I 1 I
All dimensionsin millimetres.
FIG. 1 LINED SHOE IN SEGMENTAL TEST CONDITION
A
>. —
1-A
A-AC
Ib
Key
1 = loading tool *2 = loading punch profile, 1 * 0.2 mm
clear of shoe platform3 = lining face support
4 = fixed bottom tool5 = shoe platform supported by tool
(support < platform thickness)a = centre of thrust of top ram to be
positioned thusb = loading direction, parallel to shoe
platform /
c = through test tool
FIG. 2
All dimensionsin millimetres.
DRUM BRAKE SHOE TEST FIXTURE
2
-.
loading tool is in contact with the edge of the lining forthe fill sample length and thickness within 1* 0.2 mmof the shoe platform.
Load application on the loading tool shall be in adwection parallel to the plane of the shoe platform. Theshoe shall be supported to maintain uniform loadingalong the length of the lining sample.
The width of the loading tool shall be greater than thewidth, W, of the lining.
6.2.3 Disc Brake Pad
The fixture (see Fig. 3) shall be designed such thafi
a)
b)
c
Key
Location of the plane of the backplate isparallel to the plane of the loading tool;
Loading tool is in contact with the edge of thelining within 1 * 0.2 mm of the backing plate
R
1
3
A-A
1 = loading tool (parallel to backing plate support)2 = backing plate support3 = face load fixtureC = < backplate thicknessa = direction of shear forceb = pivotc = face loadd = minimized friction at interface
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
IS 15708:2006
(carrier) and conforms to the sample liningprofile including taper angles;
Loading tool is self-aligning;
Loading tool is in contact with the full samplelength of the lining edge parallel to thebackplate support;
Load bearing edge of the backing plate restsagainst a rigid support with a thickness nogreater than that of the backing plate;
In order to prevent assembly movement undertesting, a pressure fixture applies a face loadof 0.5 + 0.15 N/mmz of the lining area at aright angle to the shear load; and
Face load is applied in such away that frictionforce is minimized and does not significantlyinfluence the shear load measurement.
Ia
A
v——II
A‘e
All dimensionsin rnillimetres.
FIG. 3 DISCBRAKE PAD TEST FIXTURE
3
1S 15708:2006
7 TEST PROCEDURE
The test procedure shall be carried out in accordancewith the following (see Fig. 4 for a procedural flowdiagram):
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Conduct the test at ambient temperature23 + 5°C.
When shear tests at elevated temperatures arespecified, heat the sample uniformly to astabilized temperature within 30 min and testwithin 60s afler removal fi-omthe heating unit.Recommended temperatures are 200 + IO”Cfordrum brake liningsand 300 + 10“Cfor discpads.
Place the brake shoe or disc brake pad in theappropriate shear-test fixture.
Apply the load at the rate specified in 6.1,continuing until complete failure occurs.
Record the failure load together with the shearpattern expressed as a percentage as specifiedin 9.
8 CALCULATION OF SHEAR STRENGTH
Calculate the shear strength using the formula:
F?=—A
where
r = shear strength, expressed, in megapascal(MPa);
F = shear force at failure, expressed, in newton(N); and
A = sample area, expressed, in mm2.
Calculate A from the friction material profile at the bondline and not at the pad face, as chamfers or slots arepad surface effects.
The shear strength is expressed as the minimum andthe average of the results of the number of samplestested.
9 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
The test report (seeAnnexA) shall include the followinginformation:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Type and supplier of the brake shoe assemblyor disc brake pad tilction material, and batchidentification.
Number of samples tested (fiverecommended).
Minimum and average shear-force, orminimum and average shear-strength, values,or both.
A description of the shear pattern, basedon:
1) Percentage failure:
i) of clean carrier,
ii) of adhesive, and
iii) in the lining.
2) Location of any clean carrier areas.
Comments (including mention of samplesused as specified in 5) on deviations fromnormal test conditions such as special testtemperature.
IS 15708:2006
Test Procedure Flow Diagram
tI
II Test rig III
T-”&t
——— ——— ___ .J
‘o waf’msentation
of results
FIG. 4 TESI PROCEDURE
5
ANNEX A
(Clause 9)
TEST REPORT
A-1 The presentation of the test parameters and rspn+ of results is as given in Table 2.
Table 2 Test Parameters and Report of Results
Parameter I Constant Load I Speed Transverse Load I
Load rate 4 500* 1000 N/s 10* I mm/min
Distance from carrier to loading tool . 1 * 0.2 mm 1 * 0.2 mm
Loading tool radius 1,5 * 0.5 mm 1.5 * 0.5 mm
Face load 0.5 *O. 15 N/mmz 0.5 + 0.15 N/mmz
I Heating test IHeating duration I 30 min I 30 min ‘-1
Test dwell time after heating 30s 30s
Testtemperaturefordrumbrakelining 2orc * 10”C 200”C● 10”C
Testtemperaturefor disc brakepads I 300°c* 1O“c I 300”C* IO“c II Manufacturet of lining I II Lining reference I I
Batch identification
Sample type Full pad/padsectionlfull lined shoekegmentof lined shoe/other
Sample size
Sample area at point of shear mmz
Special coatings
Ambient Test Hot Test
Number of samplestest (five recommended): Number of samplestested(five recommended)
\ Minimumshearstrength : MPa \ Minimum shearstrengtb : MPa I
I Mean shearstrength : MPa \ Mearrshearstrengtb : MPa I
1Failure mode I
Clean carrier : percent
Adhesive percent
Failure in lining : percent
Location of clean areas
Clean carrier : percent
Adhesive : percent
Failure in lining : percent
Locationof cleanareas I
I Deviation from test procedure I
I Test date I
Name of tester
Reference No.
‘1
6
IS 15708 “:2006
ANNEX B
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Automotive Braking Systems, Vehicle Testing and Performance Evaluation Sectional Committee, TED 4
Organization
Vehicle Research & Development Establishment (VRDE),Ahmednagar
Allied Nippon Ltd, Sahibabad
Ashok Leyland Ltd, Chennai
Association of State Road Transport Undertakings, New Delhi
Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India,New Delhi
Automotive Research Association of India, Prrne
Bajaj Auto Ltd, Pune
Bosch Chassis Systems India Limited, Pune
Brakes India Ltd, Chenrrai
Central Farm Machine Training & Testing Institute, Budni
Central Institute of Road Transport, Pune
Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi
Contrrrllerate of Quality Assurance. (OFV), Jabalpur
Either Tractors (A Unit of Either Motors Limited), Pithrrmpur
Force Motors Ltd, Pune
Hero Honda Motors Ltd, Dharuhera
Hindustan Composites Ltd, Mumbai
Hindustan Motors Ltd, Hooghly
HMT Ltd, Pinjore
Indian Institute of Petroleum, Debra Dun
Kinetic Engineering Ltd, Pune
Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. Nashik
Maruti Udyog Ltd. Gurgaon
Ministry of lHeavy Industries & Public Enterprises, New Delhi
Representative(s)
DR N. KARUPPAIAH(Chairman)
SHRIVUAYKUMAR%0 RAJEsHGOyAL(Alternate)
Smo R. R. G MENON
sHru P. s. SHMMALI
Sm P. M. PHATS(Afternate)
SHRIK. N. D. NAMBUDRIPAD
SHRSG P. BANERJS(.4/fernate)
%U % S. !+iANDHUSHRIA.AKSARBADUSHA(.4fterna/e)
SHSUT. M. BALARAMAN
SHRSV. M. MANEL (Akernate)
%0 S. S. PATH
SHRI D. N. MANDORE(,4/ternate)
SHIUP. VENU~PALSRSUK. KANABMAN(,4//errrate)
SHRIS. C. JAINStrruR. K. SrNGSLM(Alternate)
SHRJT. R. MHETRESm N. R. KACHARS(Affernate)
DR T. S. REDDYDR SANTOSHA. JALrHAL(A Iternate)
LT-COLSUSEUMSINHASHRIS. L. PATLEY(Ahernate)
SHRIS. VENKATESHSHMBHUSHANKOTHASU(Alternate)
SHRIC. S. MAMHOSU
SrrRI R. M. KAmrmrt (Alternate)
SHM HARJEETSINGHSHIURAJUDUDALE(Alternate)
DR V. G NAIK
SHRI T. N. VENKATRAMAtJ(Alternate)
SW U. K. KtNI
Ssmt M, G JHtNGRAN(A/terrrate)
Smu DEEPAKMEHTASmu HtMANSUPURSHOTAM(Alternate)
Srrar A. K. AtGALSHRi A. K. JASN(.4hernate)
SHRI V. R. MARATHESHRIP. V. BHANDARE(Alternate)
Stnu Z. A. MUJAWARE
SW P. R. JADHAV(Alternate)
SHRI 1. v. RAoSHRtDEEPAKSAWKAR(Alternate)
SHRIV. C. MATHURSW B. N, DAS (Alternate)
7
IS 15708:2006
Organization
Ministry of Road Transport and Highway, New Delhi
Rane Brake Linings Ltd, Chennai
Royal Entield, Chennai
Scooter India Ltd, Lucknow
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, New Delhi
Sundaram Brake Linings Ltd, Chennai
Sundaram Clayton Ltd, Chennai
Swaraj Mazda Ltd, Ropar
Tata Motors Ulmited. Pune
Toyota Kirloskar Motors Pvt Ltd, Bangalore
Tractor Manufacturers Association, New Delhi
TVS Motor Co Ltd. Hosur
Vehicle Factory. Jabalpur
Vehicle Research & Development Establishment, Ahmednagar
Volvo India Pvt Ltd. Bangahxe
Yamaha Motor india Pvt Ltd, Faridabad
BIS Directorate General
Representative(s)
SHRIB. BHANOT
Wru S. BADRtNARAYANANSW L. RAMASAMV(Alternate)
,%rruN. KRtSHNANSr+mR. ANBUSELVAN(Alternate)
Strsi I? D. JoSHJ
Wnu C. M. ME~A (Alternate)
SHRIK. K. GANDHJMs BHOVANESWAIOJAYARAMAN(Alternate)
SHRIG. R. CHANDRAMOULISmo K. N. R.w (Aliernate)
Sttru S. SELVAMANISW G NARAYANAMURTHV(Alternate)
ho S. R. A@rumro
SEIRIG. NAGABHUSHAN
Smu K. E. TAKAVALESrrroYociA Pusm (Alternate)
.Nau S. LAKSHMtPATHY
StrrdK. KANNJBARAN(Alternate)
SHRIS. Rm[m
SHRIY, SOMARASwo VawsPURWAR(Alternate)
SW K. K-J
SHRI Sm SW+aw (Alternate)
SHRIArm KNABENSttar S. V. SUDERSON(Alternate)
Mau B. SARKARWau P. K. SEHGAL(Alternate)
SHar P. C. Josm, Scientist ‘E’ and Head (TED)[Representing Director General (Ex-oflcio)]
Member Secretary
Srtro P. S. MUJRALScientist ‘E’ (TED), BIS
8
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standardr Act, 1986 to promoteharmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods andattending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any formwithout the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementingthe standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating tocopyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standardsshould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of‘BIS Catalogue’ and’ Standards: Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. TED 4 (538).
(;
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected
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