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IS 15106 (2002): Determination of Dry Matter and WaterContent on a Mass Basis - Gravimetric Method [FAD 7: SoilQuality and Gertilizers]

IS 15106:2002ISO 11465:1993

Indian Standard

DETERMINATION OF DRY MATTER AND WATERCONTENT ON A MASS BASIS — GRAVIMETRIC

METHOD

ICS 13.080

@ BIS 2002

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

Februafy 2002 Price Group 2

Soil Quality and Improvement Sectional Committee, FAD 27

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard which is identical with ISO 11465:1993 ‘Soil quality — Determination of drymatter and water content on a mass basis — Gravimetric method’ issued by the International Organizationfor Standardization ( ISO ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendationof the Soil Quality and Improvement Sectional Committee and approval of the Food and AgricultureDivision Council.

In the adopted standard, certain terminology and conventions are not identical to those used in IndianStandards. Attention is particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should beread as ‘Indian Standard’.

b) Comma ( , ) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practiceis to use a point ( . ) as the decimal marker.

Technical Corrigendum 1 to the above International Standard has been incorporated,

CROSS REFERENCES

International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of Equivalence

ISO 11461 : 1994 Soil quality — Doc : FAD 27 ( 1322 ) Soil IdenticalDetermination of soil water content quality — Determination of soilon a volume basis — Gravimetric water content on volume basis —method Gravimetric method

ISO 11464: 1994 Soil quality — IS 15108:2002 Pretreatment of doPretreatment of samples for samples for physico-chemicalphysico-chemical analyses analyses

In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value,observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules forrounding off numerical values ( revised )’.

IS 15106:2002

ISO 11465:1993

Indian Standard

DETERMINATION OF DRY MATTER AND WATERCONTENT ON A MASS BASIS — GRAVIMETRIC

METHOD

1 Scope

This International Standard specifies a method for thedetermination of the dry matter content and watercontent of soil samples on a mass basis.

This method can be applied to all types of soil samp-les. Different procedures are specified for airdriedsoil samples, for example samples pretreated accord-ing to ISO 11464, and for field-moist soil samples.

For the determination of soil water content on a vol-ume basis, refer to ISO 11461.

2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisionsof this International Standard. At the time of publica-tion, the editions indicated were valid. All standardsare subject to revision, and parties to agreementsbased on this International Standard are encouragedto investigate the possibility of applying the most re-cent editions of the standards indicated below.Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of cur-rently valid International Standards.

ISO 11461 :— l), Soil quality — Determination of soilwater content on a volume basis — Gravimetricmethod.

ISO 11464—1), Soil quality — Pretreatment of samp-les for physico-chemical analyses.

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard, thefollowing definitions apply.

3.1 dry matter content on a mass basis wd~: Dryresidue of soil, expressed as a percentage by mass,after drying according to this International Standard.

3.2 water content on a dry mass basis, WH20:Mass of water evaporating from the soil when driedto constant mass at 105 “C, divided by the dry massof the soil and multiplied by 100.

3.3 constant mass Mass reached when, during thedrying process, the difference between two succes-sive weighings of the cooled sample, with an intervalof 4 h between them, does not exceed 0,1 YO (rnh)

of the last determined mass.

NOTE 1 Usually 16 h to 24 h is sufficient for drying mostsoils to constant mass, but certain soil types and largesamples will require longer.

4 Principle

Soil samples are dried to constant mass at105 “C * 5 “C, The difference in mass of an amountof soil before and after the drying procedure is usedto calculate the dry matter and water contents on amass basis.

5 Apparatus

5.1 Drying oven, thermostatically controlled withforced air ventilation and capable of maintaining atemperature of 105 ‘C * 5 “C.

5.2 Desiccator, with an active drying agent.

5.3 Analytical balance, accuracy 10 mg,

1) To be published.

IS 15106:2002

ISO 11465: 1993

5.4 Container (moisture box) with lid, of capacity

25 ml to 100 ml for air-dried soil samples and at least100 ml for field-moist soil samples, and made ofwaterproof material that does not absorb moisture.

5.5 Spoon.

6 Laboratory sample

Use air-dried soil samples, for example samples pre-treated according to ISO 11464, or field-moist soilsamples taken according to the appropriate inter-national Standards.

7 Procedure

WARNING — With soil samples from contami-nated soils, special measures must be taken. It isimportant to avoid any contact with the skin andspecial measures must be taken during the dryingprocess to prevent contamination of the labora-tory atmosphere and other samples (ventilation,removal of the air, etc.).

The procedures mentioned in 7.1 and 7.2 must beperformed as quickly as possible to minimizeevaporation.

7.1 Procedure for air-dried soil samples

7.1.1 Dry a container with lid (5.4) at 105 “C + 5 “Cand then cool it, with the lid closed, in a desiccator(5.2) for at least 45 min. Determine the mass (qj ofthe closed container, with an accuracy of 10 mg.

Using a spoon (5.5), transfer 10 g to 15 g of air-driedsoil to this container.

Determine the mass (n+) of the closed container andsoil, with an accuracy of 10 mg.

7.1.2 Dry the container and soil in a drying oven

(5.1) at 105 “C until constant mass is reached. Dry thelid at the same time.

NOTES

2 Care should be taken that the very light soil particles arenot removed from the container by a draught or wind.

3 Decomposition of organic matter can, in general, beneglected at this temperature. However, for soil sampleswith a high organic matter content (> 10 YO(m/m)), for ex-ample peaty soils, the method of drying should be adapted.

In this case, the sample should be dried to constant massat 50 “C. Use of a vacuum will speed

4 Some minerals similar to gypsumIization at a tem~erature of 105 ‘C.

up this operation.

lose water of crystal-

5 If volatile (organic) substances are present, this methodwill not give a reliable determination of the water content.

7.1.3 Cool the container, with the lid closed, in adesiccator for at least 45 min.

7.1.4 Remove the container from the desiccator andimmediately determine the mass (mJ of the closedcontainer containing the oven-dried soil, with an ac-curacy of 10 mg.

7.2 Procedure for field-moist soil samples

7.2.1 Place the soil on a clean surface that does notabsorb moisture (e.g. a glass plate) and mix well. Re-move stones, twigs, etc. with a diameter greater than2 mm.

NOTE 6 When soil samples have to be analysed for or-ganic micropollutants, these samples should undergo spe-cial pretreatment. During these procedures, stones, twigs,etc. are not in principle removed from the sample. There-fore, the dry matter content of those soil samples shouldbe determined according to the procedure specified in thisInternational Standard without removal of stones, twigs,etc.

7.2.2 Dry a container with lid (5.4) at 105 “C * 5 “Cand then cool it, with the lid closed, in a desiccator(5.2) for at least 45 min. Determine the mass (mJ ofthe closed container with an accuracy of 10 mg.

Using a spoon (5.5), transfer 30 g to 40 g of soil tothis container.

Determine the mass (ml) of closed container and soil,with an accuracy of 10 mg.

7.2.3 Dry the container and soil in a drying oven

(5.1 ) at 105 “C until constant mass is reached. Dry thelid at the same time.

NOTE 7 See notes 2 to 5 in 7.1.2.

7.2.4 Cool the container, with the lid closed, in adesiccator for at least 45 min.

7.2.5 Remove the container from the desiccator andimmediately determine the mass (m+ of the closedcontainer containing the oven-dried soil, with an ac-curacy of 10 mg.

8 Expression of results

The water content is calculated on a basis of oven-dried soil.

2

e%-

IS 15106:2002

ISO 11465:1993

Calculate the dry matter content (Wd~) or water con-tent on a dty mass basis (w”,o), expressed as per-

* centages by mass, to an accuracy of 0,1 YOMn),

Iusing the following formulas:

I‘i,,

‘–w Xloow~m = ml–~

w~,o = “-’’’2X1OO%–h

where

% is the mass, in grams, of the empty con-

tainer with lid;

ml is the mass, m grams, of the container plusair-dried or field-moist soil;

%7 is the mass, in grams, of the container plus

oven-dried soil.

NOTES

8 Recalculation of a weighed amount of air-dried or field-moist soil (x) to ovendried soil (y) can be carried out usingthe following formula:

y=xx100

(100 + WH20)

9 The water content, calculated on a basis of ovendriedsoil, may be greater than 100 Y..

9 Repeatability

The repeatability of separate duplicate determinationsshall satisfy the conditions given in tables 1 and 2.

10 Test repoti

The test report shall contain the following information:

a) a reference to this International Standard;

b) a complete identification of the sample;

c) the results of the determination in terms of thedry matter content (~d~) or the water content ona basis of dry mass (W”,o) with an accuracy of0,1 ‘ZO(ndm);

d) particular characteristics of the soil (e.g. the pres-ence of gypsum and, if field-moist soil samplesare used, the presence of gravel, twigs, etc.);

e) any details not specified in this InternationalStandard or which are optional, and any otherfactors which may have affected the results.

Table 1 — Repeatability of Wdmand WH,Oin air-dried soil

Dry matter content, w~~ Water content, WH20 Acceptable difference

% (m/m) % (m/m)

greater thanup to and

greater thanup to and

including includingI 1 1 1

96 — o 4,0 0,2 % (nvm) absolute

I 0 I ‘6 140 I - I 0,5% of the mean value

Table 2 — Repeatability of Wdm and W“zoin field-moist soil

w~mand W“20 Acceptable difference

% (m/m)

greater than up to and including

o 30 1,5% Win) absolute

30 — 5 ‘Y. of the mean value

3

1’

Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau oflndian Standards Act, 1986 to promoteharmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods andattending to connected matters in the country.

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BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications maybe reproduced in any form withoutthe prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing thestandard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating tocopyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standardsshould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issueof ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. FAD 27 ( 1034 ).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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