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है”ह”ह

IS 12232-2 (1995): Irrigation equipment - Rotatingsprinkler, Part 2: Test method for uniformity ofdistribution [FAD 17: Farm Irrigation and Drainage Systems]

IS 12232 ( Part 2 ) : 1895

fRr{ \1~ - ~~

'"" 2 ttn:q~ 'i' 1f'U" qfir

( """ !it"'" )Indian Standard

IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT - ROTATINGSPRINKLER

PART 2 TEST METHOD FOR UNIFORMITY OF DISTRIBUTION

( First Revision)

First Reprint APRIL 1999

UDC 631-347-4: 620-163

e DIS 1995

BURIAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BRAVAN, , BAHADUR SHAH ZAPAR MAllO

NBW DELHI 110002

Ap,,119t5

AMENDMENT NO. 1 OCTOBER 1"8TO

IS 12132 (PART 2) : 199) IRRIGATIONEQUIPMENT-ROTATING SPRINKLER

PART 2 TEST METHOD FOR UNIFORMITY OFDISTRIBUnON

( FirstR,,'uioll )

( PGge 5, clGUle A·3, para 1 ) - laselt tbe (oRowing at the el\d of thePllllllpb:

'For computing tbe CDU only those colledon sban be co..idered which fillunder etredivediameter of coverage I. determiaed by tile metbod specified ia7A of IS12232 (Pad 1)'.

(FAD54)leplOplplaJ Uait. DIS, New Deilli, IDdi.

Irri,atioa Equipmeatand System. Sectioaal Committee, PAD 35

FOREWORD

Thi.lndian Standard ( Part 2 ) ( First Revision) .as adopted by the Bureau of Indian Slaadard••after the draft finalized by the Irrilatioa Equipment and Systems Sectional Committee had beenapproved by the Food and A,riculture DivisioD Council.

The objective of the sprinkler irriptioD is to achieve uniform application over a liven Iud area.Every Iprinkler has a .ater distribution characteristic that is dependent on water pressure aad sizeor the nozzle. The distribution uniformity is affected by the distribution characteristics ud thespacinl pattern of the sprinklers. There is therefore need to compare the distribution uniformityor different sprinklers under varyinl operatina conditions. This standard helps in findiDI out thedistribution uniformity of different sprinklers.

Part 1 or this .tandard specifies the desiSD and operational requirements for rotatiDI sprinklersand Dozzles and lives definitions and general test conditions.

This standard wa. Brit published in 1987. This first revision is beinl brought out alipiDS thestandard with the corresponding ISO 7749/2: 1990 (B) Clrrigation equipment - Ilotatlolsprinklers: Part 2 Unirormity or distribution - Test methods', issued by the InternatloDalOrpnizatioD for Standardization ( ISO ).

In reportinl the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the finalvalue, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance withIS 2 : 1'60 'Rules ror roundin, offnumerical values ( rerued )'.

IS 12132 ( Part 2 ) : 1995

Indian Standard

IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT - ROTATINGSPRINKLER

PART 2 TEST METHOD FOR UNIFORMITY OF DISTRIBUTION

( First Revision)1 SCOPE

This standard (Part 2 l specifies theconditions and methods used for testing theuniformity ofdistribution of rotating sprinklers,expressed as a function of the coeffi.ci~ntofdistribution uniformity ( CDU ). It applies onlyto stationary rotating sprinklers intended forirrigation and for operation at the pressuresrecommended by the manufacturer.

1 REFERENCE

IS 12232 (Part 1 ) : 1987 "Rotating sprinklers:Part 1 Design and operational requirements', isa necessary adjunct to this standard.

3 DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this standard the followingdefinitions in addition to those given in Part 1of this standard shall apply.

3.1 Collector

Receptacle used for collecting the waterdischarged by the sprinkler during the test ofdistribution uniformity.

3.2 Water Application Rate

Mean depth of water applied to an areairrigated in a unit of time (for example,mitlimetres per hour ).

~ TEST OF DISTRIBUTION UNIFORMITY

at.1 GeDertl Test CoadltloDs

4.1.1 Test Ar,a Layout

The test area ",'here the collectors are posi­tioned shall be levelled evenly in a horizontalplane ( a maximum slope of one percent for thetest area is acceptable ). It shall be free fromobstacles that could block the free distributionof water.

There shall be no trees or obstructions in thevicinity, as these could cause varying air flowover the test area. The test area may be withina sheltered, enclosed structure or out in theopen.

I

4.1.2 Design of Collectors

Collectors used for collecting the waterdischar­ged by the sprinkler shall be cylindrical for atleast the top third of their height, of uniformshape and size and their open edges shall besharp and free from deformities. The collectorsshall be so constructed that none of the watercollected splashes out. The height of thecollectors shall be at least twice the averagedepth of the water collected during the test butnot less than IS ern. The diameter of thecollector opening shall be half to one times itsheight but not less than 8·S em.

Collectors intended for collecting water fortransfer to a measuring fixture shall have asharp-edged round opening of at least 8·S emdiameter. The collectors shall be cylindrical orconical (wide base on top), with side wallsinclined at least 45° from the horizontal.

Other types of collectors may be used, providedthat their measuring accuracy is not less thanthe accuracy of the collectors described above,

The openings of all the collectors shall be in aplace parallel to the ground, with a toleranceof ±so and the difference in height betweenany two adjacent collectors shall not exceed2 em.

4.1.3 Installation o[ Sprinkler for Testing

New sprinklers shall be run-in before the testfor a continuous one-hour period at the testoperating pressure.

Mount the sprinkler on a riser with a diametercompatible with the connecting thread on thesprinkler. Ensure that the riser is fixed verticalduring the test. The maximum allowable devia­tion from the vertical during the test sball notexceed 10

•

The height of the principal sprinkler nozzleabove the openings of the collectors shall beat least 10 times the nominal diameter of thesprinkler connection but not less than SO em.

A sprinkler for which the manufacturer recom­mends a different height, for example, pop-up

IS l2232( ~t2):1_

Wind velocity and direction shall be measuredwith a cup-fitted totalizios anemometer fittedwith a vane or other direction sensitive device,or with any other device.

Relative humidity and ambient temperatureshall be measured witb the standard devicesused in meteorological field stations for measu­ring these parameters.

4.1.5 AI,alUring DnlcI' alld rtll Conditio'"The teat pressure shall be mealured at theheight of the main nozzle of the t.lt sprinkler( ", Pil. 1 ). The point at which the pre.lure ismeasured Ihall be located at leaIt 20 emupstream of the sprinkler 10 that the presluremeasured is not affected by any local variation.

No fitting or device which may possibly cauaea drop in pressure shall be installed betweenthe point of pressure measurement and theIprinkler.

The pressure shall not vary by more than:i: 4percent during the test. The permi••ible devia­tion of the measuring devices from the actualvalue shall be as shown in Table I.

Table 1 Aeeurac)' of Me••,'"M..... Q..tll, Allow.It., ....t...

(1) (2)FJowrate :I: 2'percentPressure *2 p.rcent

sprinkler shall be tested with the heiJht of theprincipallprintler nozzle above the openioll oftbe collectors specified by the manufacturer asthe heiaht recommended for proper operation.

A strainer .Iulll be installed in the supply lineupstream of the pressuee mealuriD, tap. Thestrainer sball be fitted with a mesh that passesparticles not peater than 30 percent of theminor .ail of the smallest clear passale way inthe sprinkler. .

~.IA 11.II1II1.",.,,' 0/Atmo8pla.rlc Condltlou

Betore performanco or the distribution test anddurin, the teat at interval. not exceedins 15miD, the wind velocity and direction shall bemeuured in an open field. The wind velocitydV~I~e~"~aU~us~dft~inhb~3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-

Part I of this Itandard. Change in wind directionshall be lell than 20°, when wind velocityexceeds 0·4 111-/1.

Wind measurementllball be carried out at adistance not ,reater than SO m from the sidesof the telt area, and at a height or about 90percent or the maximum trajectory height butnot lei. than 2 m. Wind velocity shall beindicated in the test report.

The relative humidity and ambient temperatureshall be measured durinl the course of the test.

eu2"

FlO. 1 MBASuaDiINT OP SPIUNItLD PaBSSURB

2

IS 12232 (Part2): 1_

c.2.3 The method 01 calculation of tbe coeJB.cient of di.tributloDuniformity( CDU ) i'liveDin AnnexA.

4.3 _.IMetW

This method sball only be performedin no-windconditions.

IOltallthe collector. alonl a strai,bt line draWDfrom the teat .prinkler at the centre. Themaximum .pacin,S of the collectors aloDI theline shall be .1 shown in Table 2.

TaMe 2 CoUector Spaellll

4.1.' DUtlltl"" 01Tel'

The minimum telt duration shall be 1 h.

4.1.7 CalcukJl;on 01 Application Rill'

The water application rate is calculated fromthe formula:

p qxlOOOr- SIXS.

wherePr - water application rate. in millimetre.

per hour;q -= ftowrate of the sprinkler in cubic

metre. per hour;81 sa spacina or Iprinkler lateral., in metre;Sm == Ipacinl or sprinkler. aloDI tbe lateral,

in metrel.

Col....r ......m.Ma

(I)12

...... olCo\flNlem(2)

S20>20

4.2 Filii Flel~ Mediad

4.2.1 Position the riser with the sprinkler at thecentre or the test field at the intersection of thediagonals drawn from the corners to the tatfteld ( ", Fi,. 2).

4.2.2 The spacing or the collectors shall be asspecified in Fil. 2. Permissible deviations in thespacing of collectors _hall not exceed' em inanv direction. The area on which the collectorsare placed shall be large enoulh to ensurecomplete eoverage or the wetted area and shallhave an additional suitable safety marlin.

3

The Dumber of collectors aJoDI the line Ihall besuch.s to cover the entire radius or coveraleof the sprinkler and Ihall have an additionallarety mar,in.

Durin, the test the riter IUppOrtiDI the sprin­kler shall be manually rotated a quarter of arevolution ( too ) about itl axil three times, atequal interyalsof time. This rotation I. perfor­med durins the periods when the water jet ofthe sprinkler Is not above the collectors.

Calculation of the coetBcient 01 distributioDunirormity ( CDU) is livln in Annex A.

18 12231 ( Part 2 ) : 1'"

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~0 0

X XX XX X

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0X XX XX X

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0X XX XX X

0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0x xx xx x

OXXX 0 xxx 0 xxx 0 xxx 0 oxxx 0 xxx 0 xxx 0 xxx 0

y

oxxx 0 xxx 0 xxx 0 xxx 0 oxxx OlD: 0xxx 0 xxx ax x nx x -x x

0 0 0 a a

~0 0 0 0

xxx

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0x xx xx x

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0x xx xx x

0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0Key n = O·6m

m -.r 2 m for .prinkler. of diameter of COyefege Y II the .prinkl.r;greater than 10 m o il the collector for measuring distribution;

m -= 1 m for .prlnkl.. of diamete, of coverage of X il the collector for eltablishing dilmete, of10 m endI••• coverage [ I •• IS12232 ( P.rt 1 ) ]

NOTE - The method or telting the diameter of coverage is Ipecifted in IS 12232 ( Part 1 ).

FIG. 2 COLLECTOR PLACBMENT PATTERN FOR THB TESTING OP SPRINKLE. DISTRIBUTION ANDDIAMETER OF COV8RAGB BY FULL FIELD METHOD

4

IS 12232 ( Part 2 ) : I",

c) The quantities of water collected in thesimulated collectors whose location alongthe radial represent their location that is,their distance from the tested sprinkler ).if they had been set out according tothe full field method t see Fig. 3 ) arecalculated. .

The above mentioned quantities of water repre­sent the quantities that would have collected inthe respective collectors, if they had been setout according to the full field method and alsoshow the distribution pattern of the testedsprinkler.

d) By simulating the sprinkler spacing secor-· ding to the spacing for which the CDU is

to be calculated the cumulative quanti.ties of water that would have accumulatedin tho collectors, if these "had been placedbetween four sprinklers identical to thetested sprinkler are calculated. The CDUis then determined according to theChristiansen formula.

A-5 Testing of sprinklers by the radial methodand calculation of the CDU are carried out asfollows:

a) The collectors are set out at equal dis­tances along the radial with their point oforigin at the point where the sprinkler ismounted.

b) The sprinkler is operated according tothe conditions specified in this standardand the quantities of water in thtt collec­tors are measured.

hm == arithmetic average of thereadings;

hi :=I individual reading at eachco 11ector;

II II: number of readings;

X ( hm - hi ) == sum of the absolute valuesof the individual deviationsfrom the average.

A-] The coefficient of distribution uniformityis computed from the results of the sprinklerdistribution tests in the field. Collectors ofequal size and shape are spread at equal andfixed spacioS' over the test field. The quantityof water in each collector serves as. basis forcomputing the coefficient.

Por overlapping individual sprinkler patternsfor limulation of field conditions, the waterdistribution pattern Cor different sprinkler spa­ciog - on the basil or the distribution patternobtained Crom a single sprinkler tested by thefull field method ( see Fig. 2 ) and the CDU fordifferent spacings are obtained as follows:

a) The collectors are set out as shown inFi,. 2.

b) The sprinkler is operated according tothe conditions liven in this standard andthe quantities or water in the collectorsare measured.

ANNEX A

( Clauses 4.2.3 and4.3 )UNIFORMITY OF WATER APPLICATION

A-I'The objective o~ s~riDkler irrigation is to c) The quantities of water collected areachieve uniform application over a ~lv~n l~nd recorded.area. Bvery sprinkler has a water distribution d) The cumulative quantities of water thatcharacteristic that is dependent on water pres- would accumulate in the collectors ifsure and size or the nozzle. Different sprinklers these were placed between four sprin-have different distribution ch.aracteristics a~d klers identical to the tested sprinkler atthe spacing pattern of the sprinklers.. T~ere. IS, the simulated sprinkler spacing for whichtherefore, a need to compare tho dlstribution the CDU is then computed according touniformity of different sprinklers under varying the Christiansen formula, given in A-1.operating conditions.

A-4 A distribution coefficient of 100 percentA·2 The following Christiansen !ormu1a ~hal~ be denotes perfectly uniform distribution over theused for calculating the coefficient or distribu- entire field. Lower percentage values of ceution uniformity ( CDU )~ indicate poorer levels of uniformity in the

distribution of water.CDU =- 100 [ 1 - E <,;~ hmhl

) ]

whereCDU it the coefficient of distribution

uniformity.

5

IS 12131(Part 2 ) : 1995

collector. I. calculated by interpolation accordingto their ,adial diltance from the tested Iprlnkl.,

oLocation of collector. according to the full fieldmethod for calculating diltribution uniformity Ifteroverllpping

C)Loc8tion of Iprinkl.,

@ Location of collectore 810ng the radiul t.st.d

oSimulated location of collector. representing place­ment of collector. according to the full fieldmethod. The quantity of water in the limulated

NOTE - Only 1/8 or the circle is mown.

FIG- 3 COLLECTOR PLACEMENT PATTERN FOR DBTB&MINING SPRINKLER DIAMIlTBR 01'COVERAGE AND fOil CALCULATING SPRINKLER DIS'rIUBUTION UNIFOaMITY AS A

RESULT O. OVBIlLAPPING

Key

6

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This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc: No. FAD 35 ( 128 ).

Amendmenl4i IssuedSince Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue

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