Upload
sandip-ajmire
View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
1/28
IRRIGATION ENGINEERING
Prof . Sandip Ajmire
M. Tech.
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
2/28
UNIT - I
AS PER RTMNU NAGPUR
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
3/28
POINTS TO BE COVERED
1.1 DEFINATION
1.2 NECESSITY
1.3 SCOPE OF IRRIGATION SCIENCE 1.4 BENEFITS OF IRRIGATION
1.5 ILL-EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION
1.6 TYPES OF IRRIGATION
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
4/28
1.1 DEFINATION
Irrigation may be defined as theprocess of artificially supplying waterto soil for raising crops.
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
5/28
1.2 NECESSITY
LESS RAINFALL
NON UNIFORM RAIN FALL
COMMERTIAL CROPS WITHADDITINOL WATER
CONTROLLED WATER SUPPLY
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
6/28
1.2 NECESSITY
LESS RAINFALL
When the total rainfall is less thanthe needed for the crop, artificialsupply is necessary.
Water is convey from more wateravailable area to low intensity.
Indira Gandhi canal in Rajasthan.
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
7/28
1.2 NECESSITY
NON UNIFORM RAIN FALL
The rainfall in a particular area maynot be uniform over the crop period .
During the early periods of the crops,rain may be there, but no water isavailable at the end, at the end ofseason.
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
8/28
1.2 NECESSITY
COMMERTIAL CROPS WITHADDITINOL WATER
The rain fall may be sufficient fortraditional crop.
But crops like sugarcane need morewater for growth than traditionalcrop.
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
9/28
1.3 SCOPE OF IRRIGATIONSCIENCE
ENGINEERING ASPECT
AGRICULTURAL ASPECT
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
10/28
1.3 SCOPE OF IRRIGATIONSCIENCE
ENGINEERING ASPECT
Storage, Diversion, or lifting of water
Conveyance of water to theAgricultural fields
Application of water to agricultural
fields Drainage & relieving water logging
Developing of water power.
1 3 SCOPE OF IRRIGATION
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
11/28
1.3 SCOPE OF IRRIGATIONSCIENCE
AGRICULTURAL ASPECT
Proper depth of water necessary insingle application of water for variouscrops.
Distribution of water uniform &periodically.
Capacities of difrent soil for irrigationwater flow of water in soil .
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
12/28
1.4 BENEFITS OFIRRIGATION
Increase in food production
Protection from famine
Cultivation of cash crops
Addition to the wealth of country
Increase in prosperity of people
Genration of Hydro-Electric power
Domastic & Industrial power supply
Inland Navigation
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
13/28
1.4 BENEFITS OFIRRIGATION
Improvement of comunication
Canal Plantations
Improvement in the Ground waterstorage
Aid in civilisation
General Devlopment of the country.
1 5 ILL EFFECTS OF
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
14/28
1.5 ILL-EFFECTS OFIRRIGATION
Breeding places of mosquitoes
Water Logging
Damp clymate
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
15/28
Types of Irrigation
DirectIRRIGATION
StorageIRRIGATION
CombinedIrrigation
LiftIrrigation
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
16/28
Perinal Irrigation
Water stored in Dams, Barrages,wires for supplying water throughoutseason
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
17/28
Induction irrigation
Induction Irrigation is carried out byDeep Flooding and Throughsaturation of land to be cultivated
which is the drained off prior to theplanting of crop.
Depending upon the source from
which water is drawn , flow irrigationis sub-divided
DirectIRRIGATION
StorageIRRIGATION
CombinedIrrigation
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
18/28
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
19/28
Sprinkler Irrigation
Method consist on artificial rain tocrop or garden .
Method is more useful where
1.Land can not be prepared for surfacemethod
2.Slopes are excessive3.Topography is irreguler
4.Soil is erosive
5.Depth of soil is shallow over gravel
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
20/28
Sprinkler Irrigation
Types
1.Permanent system
2.Semi- Permanent system3.Portable system
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
21/28
Advantages of sprinklingsystem
1. Erosion can be controlled
2. Uniform application for water ispossible
3. Irrigation is better controlled
4. Land preparation is not necessary
5. less water is used6. Time and amount of fertilizer can
controlled
7. Crop damaged from frost can be
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
22/28
Limitation sprinkling system
1. Wind may be distort sprinklingpattern
2. A constant water supply is neededfor commercial use of equipment.
3. Water must be free from sand.
4. The power required is high.5. Heavy soil with poor intake cannot
be irrigated
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
23/28
Efficiency
80% of efficiency is possible.
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
24/28
Drip irrigation
In drip irrigation, also known astrickle irrigation water is applied inthe form of drops directly near the
base of the plant.
Solution of fertilizer can introduce .
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
25/28
Arrangement of dripirrigation
1. A pump to lift water
2. A head tank to maintain pressure .
3. Central distribution system for equalpressure distribution
4. Mains and secondary lines
polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride oralkathayline material.
5. Trickle lines consisting of 10 to 20mm dia of PVC.
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
26/28
Advantages of drip irrigation
1. Less requirement of irrigation water.
2. Water at optimum level.
3. Water logging avoided.4. High yield
5. Cultivation of cash crops.
6. No over irrigation7. Variation in application rate.
8. Weed control
9. Increase net irrigable area
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
27/28
Advantages of drip irrigationcontd.
10.Nutrient preservation
11.Effective pest control
12.Reduce labor cost13.No soil erosion
14.Suitability of saline water
15.Maintence of high surfacetemperature
16.Suitable for any topography
7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11
28/28
Disadvantages of dripirrigation contd.
1. High initial cost.
2. Danger of blocked of nozzels
3. Change in spacing of nozzeles.4. Shallow root zone depth.