IRRIGATION AND HYDRAULICS ENGINEERINGcesecb.weebly.com/uploads/5/3/2/2/53221971/chapter... · Self Introduction Name: CH. KARAMAT ALI Qualification: B.sc. Civil Engineering, UET,

1

IRRIGATION

AND

HYDRAULICS

ENGINEERING

Self Introduction

Name: CH. KARAMAT ALIQualification:

B.sc. Civil Engineering, UET, Lahore

M.Sc. Hydraulic Engineering, New Castle Upon tyne England

Service Profile:

Joined as SDO in Irrigation Department during (1978) Worked as Executive Engineering, Superintending Engineering in the Irrigation Department

Worked as Deputy Secretary Irrigation & Deputy Director Anti-Corruption Faisalabad Worked as Senior Engineer NESPAK (1983 to 1988) Worked as Chief Water Supply & Sanitation in Punjab P&D Department (2005 to 2010) Promoted as chief Engineer and Posted as Chief Engineer Faisalabad Zone and Chief

Engineer P&R Posted as General Manager PIDA (2010 to 2012) Finally Retired as Chief Engineer Irrigation Department (2013)

Participation in Conferences

Conducted Workshops / Seminars at Civil Divisional Level on involvement and Sanitations. Delivered Lectures to the Senior Officers in Punjab Engineering Academy in Technical

Accounting & Environment Fields Since 1990 to date. Participated in National & International Conferences held in Thyland, Singa pur and

Bangladesh

Present Position

Working as Head of Water Sector in University of Lahore

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO

IRRIGATION SYSTEM

5

WATER

RESOURCES FOR

IRRIGATION

6

Hydrology Cycle

9

Hydrology Cycle

INTRODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY

Estimates of the World’s Water Quantities/ Water Budget

Components Volume (106 km3) %Age

Oceans 1370 94.2

Groundwater 60 4.13

Ice sheets and glaciers 24 1.65

Surface water on land 0.28 0.019

Soil moisture 0.08 0.0055

Rivers 0.0012 0.00008

Atmospheric vapour 0.014 0.00096

Total:- 100.00%

INTRODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY

Present Extent

Continent Wise Irrigated Areas (Million acres)

Contine

nt

1900 1940 1950 1960 1970 1985 2000

Europe 8.6 19.8 24.1 37.1 51.87 74.1 111.2

Asia 74.1 123.5 160.5 333.5 543.4 543.4 574.1

Africa 6.2 9.9 12.35 17.3 29.6 29.6 44.56

North

America

9.9 22.2 32.1 42.0 79.0 79.0 86.5

South

America

1.2 3.7 7.4 12.0 24.7 24.7 37.1

Australi

a

0 0.7 1.24 2.5 5.4 5.4 7.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

Mil

lio

inA

Cre

Period (Years)

Irrigated areas of Pakistan

Irrigated areas of Pakistan

16

MEGA STRUCTURES

FOR WATER

RESOURCES

18

Typical Layout of a Canal System

Source to Tail

IRRIGATION

SYSTEM

Punjab Irrigation System

Salient Data

14 Barrages and Headworks including Mailsi Syphon (8 old and

6 new),

25 Canal Systems

22 million Acres of CCA

11 Link Canals (3 old and 8 new),

23,200 miles of distribution canals (Main, Branch, Distributaries

and Minor),

118,000 cusecs – Withdrawal Capacity of Canals

50,000 Outlets

5000 miles of Surface Drains

12,000 Public Tubewells.

1600 miles of Flood Protection Bunds along rivers, 408 miles of

River Training Spurs,

INTRODUCTION TO IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Punjab Irrigation System (Headworks)

River Wise Detail of Headworks/ Barrage

Rivers HeadworksLength

(Feet)

Designed Discharge

(Q in Lac-Cs)

Indus Jinnah 3297 10.13

Chashma 3556 10.39

Taunsa 4346 10.85

Jehlum Rasul 3205 9.52

Chenab Marala 4475 11.00

Khanki 4348 11.87

Qaderabad 3573 9.49

Trimmu 3025 9.47

Ravi Balloki 1697 4.00

Sidhnai 712 3.25

Sutlej Sulemanki 2223 8.03


26

Link Canal System

Link Canals of Punjab Irrigation System

Rivers HeadworksOff-Taking

Link Canals

Designed Discharge

(Q in Lac-Cs)

Indus Chashma C.J. Link 21700

Taunsa T.P. Link 12000

PanjnadAbbasia Link 3600

M.P Link 1000

Jhelum Rasul R.Q. Link 19000

Chenab Qaderabad Q.B. Link 22000

Marala M.R. Link 22000

Trimmu T.S. Link 11000

Ravi Balloki B.S. Link 24000

Sidhnai S.M. Link 10100


Irrigation Main Canal Command

System of Canal Command of PID

Name of

Headworks

Off-Taking

Canals

Designed

Discharge

(Q.Cs)

Area Irrigated

Kalabagh Thal Canal 9000 Khushab, Mianwali, Bhakkar, MZG

Chashma C.R.B.C 1800 D.G. Khan

TaunsaM.G. Canal 8300 Muzaffargrah, D.G.Khan

D.G. Canal 8900 D.G.Khan, Rajanpur

Mangla U.J.C 9000 Gujrat, MBD, Sargodha

Rasul L.J.C 3600 MBD, Sargodha, Jhang

Marala U.C.C 16500 Sialkot, Gujranwala, Skp. Hafizabad

Khanki L.C.C 12300 HFD, SKP, FSD, T.T.Singh, Jhang

Trimmu Haveli 5200 Jhang, Multan, Khanewal

Contd…


System of Canal Command of PID

Name of

Headworks

Off-Taking

Canals

Designed

Discharge

(Q.Cs)

Area Irrigated

PanjnadPunjnad 10400 Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan

Abbasia 1300 Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan

Balloki LBDC 8500Kasur, Okara, Sahiwal, Khanewal,

PKP

Sidhnai Sidhnai Canal 4200 Jhang, Multan, Khanewal

Sulemanki

Upper Bahawal 6600 Okara, PKP, Vehari, Khanewal

Eastren Sadiqia 6700 Bahawanagar, Bahawalpur

Fordwah 3400 Bahawanagar, Bahawalpur

Islam Upper Bahawal 1000 Bahawalpur

S.M.BLower Pakpattan 1600 Vehari, Multan

Lower Bahawal 5600 Bahawalpur


Irrigation Zones

Year of

Const.

Length between

Abutments (feet)

Clear Water way (feet)

Flood Disch. Cap. (000, Cs)

Off-takes

Irrigation Canals Link Canals

Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)

Length (Canal Miles) CCA (000,

Acres)Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)

Length (Canal Miles)Main Branch Disty (±) Total

1946 3781 3353 950 Thal 7.5 31.5 92.8 1995.8 2120.0 1912

Located at Indus River

Jinnah Barrage

Year of Const.

Length between

Abutments (feet)

Clear Water way

(feet)

Flood Disch.

Capacity (000, Cs)

Off-takes


Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


Acres)Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


1971 3556 3120 950 CRBC 4.87 170 666 836 CJL 21.7 63

Located at River Indus

Chashma Barrage

Year of

Const.

Length between

Abutments (feet)



Off-takes


Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


Acres)Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


1958 4346 3860 100 MZGC 8.9 74.2 57.2 921.6 1053.0 820 TPL 12 38

DGKC 8.3 69.0 196.1 853.3 1118.4 906

Located at Indus River

Taunsa Barrage

Year of

Const.

Length between

Abutments (feet)



Off-takes


Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


Acres)Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


1901 3209 2880 850 LJC 5.3 39.4 238.1 1288.9 1566.4 1518 RQL 19 30

Located at Jhelum River

Rasul Barrage

Year of

Const.

Length between

Abutments (feet)



Off-takes


Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


Acres)Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


1912 4475 3960 1100 UCC 16.5 42.8 29.8 1521.3 1593.9 1441 MRL 22 64

Located at Chenab River

Marala Barrage

Year of

Const.

Length between

Abutments (feet)



Off-takes


Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


Acres)Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


1892 4384 3990 800 LCC 11.7 155.9 360.1 2468.1 2984.1 3054


Khanki Barrage

Year of

Const.

Length between

Abutments (feet)



Off-takes


Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


Acres)Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


1967 3373 3000 900 QBL 18.6 80


Qadirabad Barrage

Year of

Const.

Length between

Abutments (feet)



Off-takes


Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


Acres)Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


1938 3025 2220 645 RNGP 2.7 138.2 19.4 365.7 523.3 345 TSL 11.1 46

Haveli 5.2 36.4 102.7 1006.1 1145.2 179


Trimmu Barrage

Year of

Const.

Length between

Abutments (feet)


Flood Disch.

Capacity (000,

Cs)

Off-takes


Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


Acres)Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


1913 1647 1400 225 LBDC 9.2 129.9 16.2 1375.9 1522.0 1670 BSL 15 53

Located at Ravi River

Balloki Barrage

Year of

Const.

Length between

Abutments (feet)



Off-takes


Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


Acres)Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


1887 712 600 150 Sidhnai 4 36.4 102.7 1006.1 1145.2 1017 SMB 10.1 62

Located at Sutluj River

Sidhani Barrage

Year of

Const.

Length between

Abutments (feet)



Off-takes


Name

Design Disch.

Cap. (000, Cs)


Acres)Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)

Length (Canal Miles)Main Branch

Disty (±)

Total

1926 2223 1920 325 E.Sadiqia 5.8 49.0 82.6 771.4 903.0 1052

Fordwah 3.4 9.2 86.5 410.5 506.2 428

Pakpattan 5.2 183.1 81.5 878.6 1143.2 1049


Suleimanki Barrage

Year of

Const.

Length between

Abutments (feet)



Off-takes


Name

Design Disch.

Cap. (000, Cs)


Acres)Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


Disty (±)

Total

1927 1670 1401 300 Qaimpur 0.533.0 28.8 921.4 983.2

421

Mailsi 4.9 615

Bahawal 4.4 17.9 89.1 569.0 676.0 730


Islam Barrage

Year of

Const.

Length between

Abutments (feet)



Off-takes


Name

Design Disch.

Cap. (000, Cs)


Acres)Name

Design Disch. Cap.

(000, Cs)


Disty (±)

Total

1932 3400 2820 700 Panjnad 10.4 57.2 119.2 1463.9 1640.3 1355

Abbasia 1.3 25.7 142.7 168.4 154


Panjnad Barrage

45

Major Dams

46

WARSAK DAM

47

MANGLA DAM

48

TARBELA DAM

49

Dam

Name

Location Impounds Height Storage Capacity Year of

Completion

Generation

Capacity

Project

Cost

Tarbela

Dam

Haripur Indus River 143.26

m(470.0 ft)

13,690,000,000 m3

(11,098,664 acre·ft)

1974 3,478 MW 18.5 billion

Mangla

Dam

Mirpur Jehlum

River

138 meters

(453 ft)

7,251,811,000 m3

(5,879,139 acre·ft)

1967 1000 MW 6.587

billion

Hub Dam Malir Hub River 48 meters

(157 ft)

1,057,000,000 m3

(856,924 acre·ft)

1979 10 MW 843.597

Million

Gomal

Zam Dam

Wana 133 m

(436 ft)

1,400,000,000 m3

(1,134,998 acre·ft)

2012 17.4 MW 4.388

billion

Warsak

Dam

Pishawar Kabul River 67 meters

(220 ft)

76,492,000 m3

(62,013 acre·ft)

1960 240,000 KW 394.98

million

Ghazi

Barotha

Dam

Indus Indus River N/A 22,500,000 m3

(18,241 acre·ft)

2003 1450MW $2.25

billion

Duber

Khwar

Pattan Khan Khwar

River

40.5 m 97.57 meters

(320.1 ft)

2013 130 MW 16.325

billion

Khanpur

Dam

Haripur Haro River 167 feet 51 meters (167 ft) 1985 N/A 1352

million.

Mirani

Dam

Makran Dasht River 39 meters

(128 ft)

373,000,000 m3

(302,396 acre·ft)

2007 N/A N/A

Jawa

Dam

Dhalla Jawa River 25 meters

(82 ft)

1,938,000 m3

(1,571 acre·ft)

1994 N/A N/A

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

APPORTIONMENT OF WATERS OF THE INDUS RIVER SYSTEM

BETWEEN THE PROVINCES-ACCORD 1991

PROVINCES KHARIF RABI TOTAL %Age

PUNJAB 37.07 18.87 55.94 47.7

SINDH 33.94 14.82 48.76 41.6

K.P.K 3.48 2.30 5.78 4.9

CIVIL CANALS 1.80 1.20 3.00 2.6

BALUCHISTAN 2.85 1.02 3.87 3.3

TOTAL 77.34 37.01 114.35 100

62

Largest Contiguous Irrigation System in the World.

Use of Water in Agriculture Sector 90%

Cropped Area Under Irrigation System 80%

Agricultural output from irrigation land 90%

Contribution of Agriculture in GDP 24%

Contribution of Agriculture in Exports 70%

Labour Employed (Rural Area) 80%

Labour Employed (National Level) 50%

OVERVIEW

CONSTRAINTS (improving declining water resources)

64

65

Dependency of Irrigation System on Rain Fall.

Highly seasonal river flows (85% in monsoon season).

Limited Storage Facilities.

Sedimentation reduced reservoirs capability (21% to 19%.)

No major reservoir construction after Tarbela Dam in 1976.

Declining Groundwater Table .

Rapidly growing population (about 3% per annum).

Growing imbalance in supply and demand of water.

Need of construction of Reservoirs.

ISSUES/ CONSTRAINTS

Documents

IRRIGATION AND HYDRAULICS ENGINEERINGcesecb.weebly.com/uploads/5/3/2/2/53221971/chapter... · Self Introduction Name: CH. KARAMAT ALI Qualification: B.sc. Civil Engineering, UET,