Irradiation Powerpoint

8/10/2019 Irradiation Powerpoint

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IRRADIATIONPresented by:

Maggie CapronTiffany Craig

Dawn Dailidenas


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SPINACH

What does irradiation of food look like? VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gAJo940n64https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gAJo940n64https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gAJo940n64


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Fact of Fiction?

True or False:

The spinach you just ate was treated

irradiation for your safety.

FALSE


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Definition

Irradiation= the application of ionizing radiation to food to redu

eliminate microorganisms and insects from foods to improve saf

extend the shelf life of food.

According to Norton(3) irradiation of food has been studied mo

other food process.


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IR FAQ

3 types of irradiation (17).o 1 Gray (Gy) = 1J of energy absorbed by 1 kg of substanceo low (1 kGy) - kills insects/larvae and parasites, slows ripening, inhibits grow

potatoes, wheat, flour, fruits, vegetables

o med (1-10 kGy) - reduces/eliminates pathogenic and non-pathogenic micro

parasites

fresh/frozen fish, raw/frozen poultry and meat, strawberries, grape, de

vegetables

o high (10-50 kGy) - sterilization/bacteria free food, eliminates some diseaseviruses, decontaminants some food additives/ingredients

meat, poultry, and seafood for hospital diets, spices, enzyme prepara

gum


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Fact or Fiction?

True or False:

After being treated with irradiation

food retains some radioactive proper

FALSE


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Yes! Irradiate my Food!

Benefits of Food Irradiation:

Increase public safety when it comes to the food supply (9)

o CDC estimates that 3,000 people die each year from foodborne illness

o In the past five years:

E. coli: 15 outbreaks, 3 were in ready-to-eat-salad products

Salmonella: 28 outbreaks - 4 were in 2014

Cyclospora: 2 outbreaks in past 2 years

Safeguards foods from overseas that do not have same safety standards as the

Beneficial for removal of antinutritional factors and inhibition of food allergies (17

Food irradiation will not completely remove foodborne illnesses from our food su

another measure that we can take to ensure the safety of our food


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Benefits

Food preservationo Could prove to be cost saving with less food waste

o Kills microbes and bacteria which allows for an extended shelf life

Ripening process is halted: fruit can be picked when it is fully ripe

o Tastes better - no more green fruit!

Kills harmful bacteria but does not alter the way food tasteso Sometimes referred to as cold-pasteurization


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Blueberry Study

A study in China investigated the impact of electron beam on Econtaminated blueberries (5).

Results:

o Showed electron beam radiation (3kGy) successfully killed

strain of E. coli - E. coli K12

o Did not impact appearance

o

Improved shelf life of blueberrieso Did not impact antioxidant level of blueberries

o Biggest impact on antioxidant level of blueberries was time

temperature


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Fact or Fiction?

True or False:

Irradiation destroys ALL bacteria.

FALSE


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Veto! No Irradiation Please!

Potential Outcomes of Irradiation of Food:

Food Itself

o Changes in nutrient value

o Changes in texture

o Lipid peroxidation

o Radiolytic chemicals

Food Safetyo Not a replacement for proper handling

o Virus and bacteria

Environmental Impact

Higher Cost


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Quality Concerns

Decrease in micronutrients (5,6,7)

The level of vitamins lost is comparable to losses from cooking

processing.

Taste and Texture

Change in taste and texture of dairy, peaches, nectarines, grap

Rancidity in high fat foods, such as peanut butter (4)

Concern: Could losing vitamins from irradiation and then again with

processing lead to deficiency?


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Vitamin DepletionVitamin content comparison 2.2 pounds (1 kg) of cooked chicken (7)

Vitamin Non-irradiated Sample Irradiated Sample Change

Vitamin A (IU) 2200 2450 +250

Vitamin E (mg) 3.3 2.15 -1.15

Thiamin (mg) 0.58 0.42 -0.16

Riboflavin (mg) 2.10 2.25 +0.15

Niacin (mg) 58.0 55.5 -2.5

Vitamin B6(mg) 1.22 1.35 +0.13

Vitamin B12 (mg) 21 28 +7

Pantothenic Acid (mg) 13 17 +4

Folacin (mg) 0.23 0.18 -0.05


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Continued Risk

Food Irradiation only kills 99.9% of dangerous bacteria.

Processing can be overwhelmed by too much bacteria, or nullif

improper food handling

Outbreaks may not be fully prevented

Botulism, Hepatitis A, and Norovirus are not impacted by I

Concern: Even with food irradiation the food supply is not complete

and misconceptions may lead to poorer food hygiene at farms and


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CostMonetary

8 billion lbs of hamburger eaten a year

o 1-2% irradiated (10,11)

100% irradiation requires building more 3-5 million dollar plants (11,12)

o Additional 3-10 cents per pound (10)

Environmental

Increased number of irradiation plants = increased transport of radioactive mater

Increased irradiation means increased distances food must travel.

Concern: Food irradiation increases food price which is an important consideration in

14.5% of families experienced food insecurity in 2012. (13)


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Fact or Fiction?

True or False:

Irradiation can make spoiled food edible

FALSE


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Present

Foods approved by FDA

Not prevalent in the food supply today

o Major exception is for spices in foods and spice mixtures

Primary users are Astronauts and Military

Some countries consider IR food superior to non-irradiated foo


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Meta-Analysis

Evaluated:

Food safety enhancement

Shelf-life extension

Insect disinfestations

Other applications (environmental, reduction of undesirable/tox

substances - like phytic acid, carcinogenic agents, trypsin inhib

on fermented and dehydrated foods)

Analysts concluded that food irradiation is a safe and less invasive

for meeting food safety standards. Added benefit of IR is extending

and no chemical residue on food and does not drastically change ta

nutritional content of food.


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Labeling

Current labeling standards require all irradiated foods to show

symbol and include the words treated with irradiation

The exception to this rule is that foods with multiple ingredients

spices, do not require this labeling


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Conclusion

Pro:

Irradiation is a safe and efficacious method that can optimize food

mass scale. Evidence collected after almost a century concludes

irradiation is a safe, beneficial and practical process(3).It is a way t

shelf life of many products that might otherwise be wasted. With

nutrient loss it is comparable to other food preservation method

currently in practice.


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Conclusion

Con:

Enforcing our current system would be a cheaper, safer, and more sustainable way to

out of our food supply.

Food irradiation is an unnecessary sanitation method that encourages poor food hand

the cost of food for consumers, depletes nutrients, and comprises food quality, all w

environment at risk . The money spent on food irradiation would be better spent on ensafety laws already in place.


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Conclusion

What would you vote for?

We believe the process of irradiation is safe. How

diet of fully irradiated foods could possibly have n

impacts that have not yet been shown in research

nutrient depletion.


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Resources1. A Backgrounder on Food Irradiation Facilities. Public Citizen Web Site. http://www.citizen.org/cmep/article_redirect.cfm?ID=10421. Accessed Octob

2. History of Food Irradiation. University of California, Davis Web Site. Available at: http://ccr.ucdavis.edu/irr/history_new.shtml. Accessed October 16,

3. The History of Food Irradiation. Nordion Science Advancing Health Web Site. Available at: http://www.nordion.com/documents/The-History-of-FoodOctober 16, 2014.

4. Radiation Information Networks, Food Irradiation, Idaho State University Web Site. Available at: http://www.physics.isu.edu/radinf/food.htm. Acces

5.Kong Q, Wu A, Qi W, et al. Effects of electron-beam irradiation on blueberries inoculated with Escherichia coli and their nutritional quality and shelf

and Technology .2014;95:28-35

6. Thomas MH, Atwood BM, Wierbicki E, Taub IA. Effect of Radiation and Conventional Processing on the Thiamin Content of Pork . Journal of Food S

7. Josephson ES, Thomas MH, Calhoun WK. Nutritional Aspects of Food Irradiation: An Overview. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 197

8.The Dangers of Food Irradiation. Rense.com. Available at: http://www.rense.com/general81/foodr.htm. Accessed October 21, 2014.

9.Centers For Disease Control and Prevention Web Site. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/. Accessed October 21, 2014.

10. Palmer S. Irradiation: What IT Is, What It Does, and How It Affects the Food Supply. Todays Dietitian. 2009;11:32.

11.Irradiation: Expensive, Ineffective, and Impractical. Food and Water Watch Website. Available at: http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/food/irradiatio

Accessed October 21, 2014.

12.The Food Irradiation Process. University of Wisconsin Website. Available at: http://uw-food-irradiation.engr.wisc.edu/Process.html. Accessed Octo

13.Hunger in the United States. Hunger Notes Website. Available at : http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/us_hunger_facts.htm. Accessed Octo14.Faculty Safety and Environmental Impact. EPA Website. Sapkota B, Gupta GK, Mainali D. Impact of intervention on healthcare waste managemen

governmental hospital of Nepal. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):1005.

15.Martin A. Spinach and Peanuts, with a Dash of Radiation.New York Times. February 1, 2009

16.Gecgel U. Changes in some physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition of irradiated meatballs during storage. Journal of Food Science

2013;50(3):505-13.

17. Shah MA, Mir SA, Pala SA. Enhancing Food Safety and Stability Through Irradiation: A Review. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food

18. Radiation Protection. EPA Website. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/radiation/sources/food_irrad.html . Accessed October 21, 2014.

19. USDA Irradiation Facts page. Avaiable at: http://ars.usda.gov/is/pr/1997/971210.htm. Accessed on October 21, 2014

20. Food Irradiation: What you need to know. FDA website. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/food/ingredientspackaginglabeling/irradiatedfoodpackagin

Accessed on October 21, 2014.

21. Farkas J, Mohacsi-Farkas C. History and Future of Food Irradiation. Tends in Food Science & Technology. 2011; 22:121-126.

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Irradiation Powerpoint