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IRM et Scanner cardiaques: Indications en pédiatrie Francesca Raimondi Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, Paris

IRM et Scanner cardiaques: Indications en pédiatrie · 2019-03-15 · •Edema • T2-weighted image sensitivity detects tissue edema with the long • T2 of water bound protons

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Page 1: IRM et Scanner cardiaques: Indications en pédiatrie · 2019-03-15 · •Edema • T2-weighted image sensitivity detects tissue edema with the long • T2 of water bound protons

IRM et Scanner cardiaques: Indications en pédiatrie

Francesca Raimondi Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, Paris

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Indications partagées

•  Anatomie Intracardiaque: –  Etude pre et post-operatoire –  Tumeurs, thrombus, péricarde

Extracardiaque - Gros vaisseaux –  Shunts et montages chirurgicaux –  Artères coronaires proximales

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Scanner vs IRM

•  Scanner ü Irradiant ü Examen court ü Haute disponibilité

•  IRM ü Non irradiant ü Examen long ü Disponibilité limitée

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Indications Scanner

Anatomie

•  Analyse des artères coronaires

•  Détails anatomiques dans les pathologies de gros vaisseaux et rapport avec les bronches

•  Etude des collatérales aorto-pulmonaires

•  Etude du parenchyme pulmonaire

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Indications Scanner

Analyse des artères coronaires

ü  Confirmer une anomalie coronaire vue à l’echo (ALCAPA, ARCAPA..)

ü  Contrôle post opératoire (anomalie coronaire, TGV)

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Scanner coronaire à Necker

2 37

3

12

42

29

14

611

7 51 2 1 0 2 0 1

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18Age (years)

Num

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Scanner coronaire à Necker

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Scanner coronaire à Necker

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Scanner coronaire à Necker

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Scanner – Gating prospectif

0,952 mSv

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0,952 mSv

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CDx CDx

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CDx CDx

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Cx

Cx

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Cx

Cx

Cx

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Diagonale

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IVA

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Marginale

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CD+Cx

TC

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7.7 mSv

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0.5 mSv

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0.5 mSV

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IRM - 3D avec double gating

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Indications Scanner

Anatomie

•  Détails anatomiques dans les pathologies des gros vaisseaux et rapport avec les bronches

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Indications Scanner

Anatomie

•  Etude des collatérales aorto-pulmonaires dans l’APSO

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Anatomie extracardiaque Anatomie complexe

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Anatomie complexe

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Anatomie intracardiaque

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Anatomie complexe Anatomie complexe

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RVPA

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Indications Scanner

Anatomie

•  Etude du parenchyme pulmonaire

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Indications IRM

•  Morphologie, fonction et analyse tissulaire –  Morphologie, Volumes, Masses, Fonction des

ventricules

–  Fonction des Valves cardiaques

–  Perfusion myocardique/réserve coronaire/réserve contractile

–  Perfusion pulmonaire –  Etude du myocarde: inflammation/fibrose

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Morphologie et fonction

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Anatomie

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Anatomie

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Stenose supraortique

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Anatomie

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Anatomie

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Anatomie

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Anatomie

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Anatomie

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Volumes-Fonction

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VD systémique / Mustard

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VD systémique / Mustard

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Rastelli

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Chenaux atriaux / Mustard

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Chenaux atriaux / Mustard

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Chenaux atriaux / Senning

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Valves

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Valves: Velocimetrie

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Fontan

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Velocimetrie

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Perfusion myocardique

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Réserve coronaire

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Réserve coronaire

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Réserve coronaire

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Réserve coronaire

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Perfusion pulmonaire

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Perfusion pulmonaire

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•  Oedeme •  Graisse •  Fibrose •  Composition tissulaire (spetroscopie)

Analyse tissulaire

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Analyse tissulaire

• Pathologies inflammatoire: myocardite aigue, péricardite

• Myocardiopathies: hypertrophique, dilatative, dysplasie arytmogène du ventricule droit

• Recherche de fibrose ventriculaire dans les cardiopathies congenitales (VD systemique, Tetralogie de Fallot, ALCAPA etc)

• Pathologies avec altération de la composition tissulaire (pathologies métaboliques, glycogénose, amyloïdes, Fabry disease)

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•  Edema

•  T2-weighted image sensitivity detects tissue edema with the long

•  T2 of water bound protons as the contrast-generating mechanism, resulting in a high signal intensity of edematous tissue.

•  Hyperemia and capillary leak (myocardial early gadolinium enhancement)

•  Contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo T1-weighted MR is used to assess myocardial hyperemia and inflammation.

•  Necrosis and fibrosis (late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) •  Myocardial LGE reflects irreversible myocardial injury (i.e.,

necrosis and fibrosis

•  Schultz JS, et al. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009

Analyse tissulaire

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Acute myocarditis Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

•  Primary tool for non invasive assessment of myocardial inflammation

•  Diagnostic CMR targets: 1.  Functional abnormalities 2.  Pericardial effusion 3.  Morphological abnormalities 4.  Tissue characterization

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Myocardite aigue

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CMR in Acute myocarditis

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Myocardite aigue

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CMR in Acute myocarditis

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T2

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Myocardite aigue

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Fibrose VD systémique

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Cardiomyopathie hypertrophique

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Morphologie

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Echo-IRM

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Phenotype

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Fibrose

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IVS 41 mm

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Tissue analysis

T2 sang noir LGE

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Fibrose

LGE LGE

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Progression: 2012

LW 6.7 mm

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IVS 12 mm, LW 10.5 mm

Progression: 2013

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Progression: 2012

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Tumeurs

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Fibrome

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Fibrome

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Fibrome

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Fibrome

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Fibrome

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Fibrome

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Fibrome

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Fibrome

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Rabdomyome

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Rabdomyome

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Rabdomyome

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Tumeurs

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Role de l’IRM dans les CC

Eur Heart J. Apr 2010

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Mercipourvotrea-en/on…

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Analyse tissulaire complexe

SPECTROMETRIE

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