; ,; ; ;;

. '

THE IRIS~_SCHOQ!-~y'?~~L!: ____ , 312 ._ ... -----~ .... ~ . -.-

N6Vl':11IlE.R '~2~D,' HH3;' ..... ~- ...... -.. -.-----~ ,", "' .. -~-

....::,..::::;;:=----'---

"~(lI:k. and n",,,er acknowledgp the id(:a' of clef£'at. for suell a wOI'd was 1I0t In .all his vocabulal'~·. I havp \l'at('h~d 'him 'in his stl'u~gle. T; have heard hIm in Congress; wl1('lI WISP heads seemed to think the ease \\'as hopeless, bnt Oll 'lie,,;ent undaunted. and h~. has su~­ceeded in obtaining the- ambltltlll of Ius soul. for ~iO more plaees havp; bePll added to the standard numbers ill the gt'ades, and. fOI' .~n tl~is ~fr. !tal11~a~ has not a. word ot praise for h1ln 01 a i'ord' of thank~ eitllPr to tll(' ~30anl or Trea,slIl'Y.' Ht' ~('ems tn· Hllnk .t1!at this I", "an ill.illsti('~ to. tho!j.p asp~r\!l~

tea(·hel's are about making up a'testi­monial 1'01' yonr sPl'vi('es for many lon~ years teaehhlg ami not having g(}t any compensation.- I fepl -that I c{)~11d not IInow it to pass by without offermg ~'on nn- '5ma 11 eontribntioll to th~ huge h~t tliat I hope and tl'llst you Will get. No

• one P"E'!' d£'sPl'ved it bettE'l'. .

to ,seco.Bd ·gradp. Surl'ly he mllst \,.I1()\ that "th~sp aiO plal'{'s wet''' n"'I'(>r fillNI

. in 'Second gradp-tlH.'Y appeared meJ'('I~' SlIPPl·IlUOII.,. ,1111<1 IIOW tfw h~a('het·s are getti.ng. OI' rather will \~'1~e11 c'fJmpletf'd: f(et £]4.',OOO·a ~'('ar addltto:al, and tIn. heal't-bul'IIing Hnnmal~:, of ,Paper-pro­moted teachers is a tltlllg 01 the past. fQj!' \\'hich :\:1 I'. .J lIdgE' d,,".('I'VYs. tilt' tl1ankR or tll(-' !'ntil'!' Irish, ::"at'?n~l Tp.a!'\H'l's'Organillatio:1 f;OI' IllS Jl1(lt·ta~l­I1:libli, foxt'rticlU; oh bl'halt of ~11{: n'n1()\·al of what was aWTonll; ·to Iw: bl'('·thrn~l.

)oIl' .. JIlc1g£'. Yl'ar in llnd ~'ear out. III lM'ason and Ollt of s"a'I,H1 •. lab~,"red ,,·it!! tlH' most pl'llisP\\'oYihy tp\la('lt~· ,m this matter. and h .. ha< Rll(·c·ef'df'd. THe

lain tl'ut-h is-I fplIl" :'1:\1' •. Jl\dgp must t, cast aside hpeallsP llf' did .not..lean' It to the ('.Kc' of the Orl<"l1I7.atlOn to loof;: afte\' thi~. Mr. ,JIIl!!Xl' and 1u;; friends, th" pappr-pro\ltoted t;l'aehers. were mest.illtel·estecl :md th~l'dore took dp.ppest inteI·esL.. .

Tn dpploring tilt' tr:msfl'1' of the<~ lupe.rtluolls I1\l1ulll'r;; frnm :;;l'coud gl'ndp to fint o'!'ad.",-1\r. Ralllsay ~",:,s-" It Is not a ~~nre inr1iea t ;ol1 rf a 'nll mgnpsH on the pa.rt of the BC'l\'d and Tr('aHu\'~' to pl'omotp'thi:n\ f 'rdp tp~(·I!e.l': who nrp at url"ent the-·I"I'KPs. b:}(t\· ,1I1 thf' ","ofess!oll." 'I \;:o-'lder wh.n1 ob.I"ct h,' ~rl ·in· vie\,- ill . thi~plau~lblp-sh3!1 I .u!!p p13titlirlf>. Cl' why h~ IS ~o anXll1US In lookin!!; thrC?uo:h th" dun Vlst~ ?n ,bp­h-alf of.fthp t·hn·d m·ade. It elel \\"S. !lnd pvp\, will' bp. thl1t t !J" lo··,-pst gradt's

'In all lJrof(>,,,iOl" TlllFt bp t\1 ... Inrgest, 1)ut.let 11" IYJ)t.rid, (If the siandn"J ,HUnt­b{'ri!. Rnd lpt. as lIE' pXlll'esspd y-:-bp l'romotinn automati<'all '· f\'(11\1 o~elel1t':v and 1<00l\ s(,l'vi[''', A" :\lr. :\:I,·quu,","ss, of Arigna-. and }Jr. l"orsyt1l. (:]OI~'lk,Ih', write. Illl{l I heartilY endo:·sP . It. , :\J r., .l'u(lge'", tah·nts l"ld ell""g~' nt 1\111\ ft,,· " hjuh offiee. lllld I \\·""H add th~t wl1'-'11 th~ C.F. .• is being {i1I~d un arraJ\l; T do liope -the' t(>ac:hei'" of ll'l,hnd 'nll rp­melllQel'. )oIl". T,.,dd, and ~b', .Bo,·d r-: "'ell. for :.thpy han' "'orkerl , and ('un ~(}]'k in 1IP.,gl'udging. lIi,(gardl~' mallner.

. I' am, Y9"l'" trllh-, . . WM . .\IOOHK . President. B"\f,',,t X .T.

. A ss:;ria t ion. .1langor; Co. DO\\-Il'

FUND \FO~ MISS HENNESSY. Deal' Sil·.-I alU not up,\,. going to

trespass fllrther OIl ~-OUl' II1valua~ll!' splwe th,m ,to I'eft,ltest you to. eop,.'- tol­lmdng lettPI' whleh speaks !Ol' ItSI'll. eon:iing hom a l<ldy ull,de\' gUlsp :--- ,

'.':\h· Deal' Jliss Hennessy .. -HI1l'IIl).!; 'read 'in the papers that ~'our J'ellu\r-

.. Wishing YOII pvery su('('eRS. . I an1 sending ;\-on one pound. and I am onl~y 1'01'1')' it eonld not. h£' m~lI·e." ~ext .T a llU ary meetmg::; ma~" \\'Ii·n

('1o~£' tit£' lists 1'01' the Appeal F."II~I, the progress of which is most gL'atlyfmg to nil'.

Yours "PI''' trlll~', TBIOi'HY GARDINER.

THE ROSCOMMI}N RESOLUTIO.N ON SALARIES.

])f.'ar 8il',-Al1m\' me to eongrat.lIla,~e tlw Roseoinmon AssoeiatiOll for theJl' Y('I'V wisp \,p:';olutions I'e salaries. and to '..;uggpst .that the (',~.~~. would do \\",,11 ill askm,!!; all assocIations to pass tll(' samp n'solution. [would sllggo:;st that thc maximum salary ~e £l1i)O for Prim·ipals and £200 f~lI' A~,slstants: a.ud tha t thp\,{' be ~'l'al'ly Im:.rements of ,.f::10 fl'O\1I initial salary of £100. I ~!llnk il' the ('.KC got all local seeretnnes to ('uil IlH'.etings of their associations at OIlCO, to pass and adopt the Uos('om­mon resolutions. it \"ould ~!! ,. a gooo \H)rk WE'll dom'." FurthN', .11 the-, \\:h~lp ('ollld he put in the form of 3 l11plllol'Ial 1.>Y 01\\' ~"':~ret3J'y-:Hr. :\Iansfie1~I-and f(ll'\\"ln'(h,d, with th(' signature of every :ts:;ot'iatpc\ tpaehpr. to the pl;Opel' quar­iNS, I dO;I't think the' Treasury eould rdnsp . lis. ,TI'lIsting ~'f)U Iyi\t b" ~ocd. enough to publi~h this h,ttpJ' ;U1d gn·e. It a.s mlld~ promlllf'nee HS llosS1ble .. -I I eUlaI\l. deal :\Ir. Editor, ~·ou;·s, et(: .. ,

")10~EY."

&ir --At best a teRchel"s f;alary b illade~l'Iat('. . This i,-,' a ha<:kney~d statement; but ,to lUOS.t .d .. ~-o.l1r It'adeI's ('xperiencc has fully b?ught Its 11lf.'llnlllg. The hndln'cly's bin eO~E;s on I1l1 nVl'rage to l~~~ .. pE'r \\ I'de 'l,l!s I1l11ount" to I1bout £8 10s. p~J' qnal'tet'. To Illost YGlll1g tpat'hers tIllS leal'ps a ma I'gill or' about £4 ~! for (It:<'ss. ~apel'sl nod an~' other st\('h l.1'xlIl'Ie5 (.), nn. to >pt'ak of jOllrn{,~·I\lg. home .whell Xmas ('ollles. TIlls. aftPl' tllll:teen \\'eek~ hard. ner"e-l'l1c:klllg \York 111 a. :;("hcol-I'oom. WI1Pll \"iIl tho teachers g;pt a living \\"a~e:'

DISGUSTED.

j }["III1,1l nl" l'"ycilUl"!II/' l:h G. F. r';tout, ~L\.. LL.n. 'Hird Edition. Londol\ : 'I'll<' l-nin'l'sity Tutorial' Pn'ss. Ltd. Price ~'(). .'

.-\ ,')"('Ollt/ r(",. (pur...,' uf ()rycilt'I(·

('/tt'lIIi .. drtl 1"111' Tt~f'hlli('i:tl 11l~;i.illltt··~. H\· F. ri, '1'1'11,·. B.~". L~'lId()u; ~.lctllli'.?:1 Ilud Cv. z:()

Restaurants v. Home~

Witb eonuuendable hllsiues'S asiitte­npss, restaurants of !Ill ~~tass~s haye adopted ('vpry rmbt!e' devICe. to ,ma~e their' plltCesattradl\·e. Thl!! fac~ HI applicable, not only to the luxufJo.l!s l'esorts of fashiouable folk, but 1:£? .e.s­tablishinents thllt eater for the mIddle andWlJrking classes .. T~le proprletol'~ (jf coffee-shoJls ang 'eatmg-house,s, .of all' grades. provide . r~d _ at a' J>n~e that tempts ppople to gIve them thE)ll' patronage. Tha,t is .all very. w'ell frm:l fhe restaurateurs' pomt .of ':19"', but It i~ :J. deeided blow at falllJl~' hfe. Meal­times iuthe home ought to be chal'l!'<'­tE'rised by jO"ial. meetings .. The 'famfly Ilhould all be' in' go;od humoUl'a!ld '~u­joy'each other's s?C~et~:-· A .~ooa meal is always eonduclve of. 'roel'l'l~ent1 and

llleasant . eonvel:satioll. . .'" Ith . ,V~l'~ ittle trouble, and an extremely

modest e1>penditure, the. me!!l;;: "at home can be made equallY-:-if. not morc-attrl\l;:,tive than tho;S8 served out­.;ide. INll·thermore, caterIng !tnd ~?Ok­i 11~ at' hOIDt' ar~ alw~ys (>coJ;l.oroICal. ~ow, thp matter· Jfl a· simple. one .. The )}Q\\'er of making thil ll(~me displace th~ restaui'ant once more IS possessed .bJ· eyery woman' il!-'the country.. :~ table nieply set gOE'S a long way, It IS ~l:.ue, but. after all. it is the food that coun,ts. }I ut·h depends \IPO~ the sweet· co~rse. This c'an' be . proVided at very' htde cost ·if only the wonclerfltl propN'~ ties oftlfe' CurI'ant are' taken ulto eonsideration. Nmr i"s quitoan <!ppiJr­tUlle \\lomeut to' bring th<;l meTlts of this fruit before the nottee of the lJ1lbiie. The lic:w. Re!l.son'.R ero!?, no;w 011 thl' market, lS remo.rka.ble fC?r. e~­eel1enee' 'of' qlta lHy ano' mOdel'RtlOn. m price. There is. no other commodity o;':hieh ean be turned to such. good :1C'eOullt in tire kitchen as the 8avo111'Y and nutritious Currant: As e,;erybody knows, it is full of pure n()u!!s~ment, aud is: easi1y digested and ass}mlrat~(I. Currant eookery IS replete Wlt~. good thillg'" V se Cunants freely lll. the household, and. the eharms. of· the restaurant will C!lsappeal'.. TI:te follo),,­ing. ]'pcipp~;' ha~e been sp~eIa~ly Rl'~­pared by a leadmg expert. 111 . domestic cooking.

Cl!rra"t Tea Cakes .. "

t lb. flour, t oz .. German . yeas.t, ~ teaspoonful esstor, 'stlgar, ,1 Oll; buttel, I! gm~ milk, 1 egg, 4 ozs. Curran~s.

:\:[ETlloD.--Pnt the' {lO\l1: aIld "a" tea­;;1}Oonflll of salt !nto a basin.:' C;~'e~ll1

,the ~'east and castor sugar UritI~ hqu1dd; :\lelt the butter. add the IllIJk' an Illake' it tepid, l}Quron to .the yeas~, HmI add the ego;, well-beaten. . Stll' into the flour, mi,' into' a. dough, sprhkk' in the Currants. and ,set' ti IiRH 1 ho\I1'. Difide into two parts. ~ll( put into t·.\""O well-greased cake tlll~. t~t the dough rise to. the t?pof._trl~ 1 ill~. Bakp foJ' l10 l11m\lte~ 1~1 a ",e. I,('atpd ","pn. Tlirn ollt of t)1l~ when I':llf-bakpd. and brllsh bye\' the tops "i~h . egg or Il!ilk n~ld casto!'S\~gar mix\ld. H€'plaee amI 11l11shbakmg. .

l'l

i. Id ;t, ~11' ~b, to

lnd IllS. tile len­'hen topS

.ngar

. ~ 0" • 'CllrJ.l!nt SGda' Oake. -"-1" lb. {lcitu', fIb.' Cnrtrtnts, et lb.

bi·owp. or ,moist sllgar, * lb .. bll'tter. l1 Pgg<>,' .2. tt>aspOonfuls trNI.dp, 1 tea­f;~oif\ir ·lii-c·arbumite of. soda, ! pi'ut mllk~' . ::M~rHo;o.~l[i." tllp. flonr 'and soda.

Nip iri·tll~ butter, ada, suglll' and ('lP'­rants, then', the trearle, 'milk and ~eat,~rr "g~s.. Beat al" \}'ell, togethE;f, hll lll. two. well-buttE'rpd c:ake monld~ 'and hake in' a model;atelv hotoYPli f-or a~ont 1! ,hours. . , . <; "Currant· Mbrmaladc ,Pudding.

4 'oz,~ .. ·· bread .. ('rulllbs, -'4 '02:8. suet. :\ .dJlis. i'ugar" 4' 0:1;8 •. lUru;malade, 4 ozs. Cl\l'~:ants: '.2 oz.s-:' flour, 2 eggs, 1 tea-('llpfttl mtlk. '., . . "\tETHOD.~)lix 'all the ingredients

t~gethe:l'; . gl'ease a pudding basin ,0r mould WIth butter aud' dust. with s;Y~lI:r. ~Ptlt in the roixtnj'e, covel' wlth ).;!eased ·papat· and ste~m 3. hMI'S.

Currant' Lemon Pudding. Three OU]](,"98 suet. ·:lOll. bl:eadC'l'\lIubs,

2.oz;:f\our, 6o.z.. CUl'I;an1.s,4uz. sugar; 1 egg;l'irrd 'and juie(l of 1 lemon.

. )o!ETH(m.-)olix all the ingredients to­gather; llut in ,a grpased basin and ('over with grea.s~ papm·.· Steam two houl"s.

T~:JET£,ACHINC OF, COOKERY AND LAUNQRY IN NATIONAL

·SCHOOLS.

Xotes 0/ a le8s~" o,,··Rite. Puddillf{ ",-,d Stelad Fru;t.

Tiiile.::':'[hr~e-quartors of an hour. (,'la"8'::'1~trst vear's cookery.

,pre·t:io,;i;'---Kn·oll'le·dge.--Po-rridge. boiled potu.t.oes. :~du~.ati(}llal A.im.-'l'o train the' P(JW8"S

I f . observation, .memory _ and reasoning. -Prartieal -,Aim.-T"o teach, on'e \I"V of

cOoking rice and to' stew ·fmit. .

. '·Jlatlh'iriI8.· [!tell"iil. 2·qz..'l'ice, 1 ,pie dish ..

'1' pint milk. ? enameHed saucep-:J.;: •. 1 tablespoonf,ul of SpPOl1S and kllife,

sugar. Strainer. Nutmeg. Pastry IXlal'd, {qz. butter Cl' suet. J -lb.· apples.

Blaekbo~rd, etc.

A·ofe....:.A· rioo 'pudding has been pl'e\'iou.sly ~p~ked' and. will'be i:lishe<l itp at the end· of lesson. ; P'lil'po$c:-'-Tell . thCl. cla&; that they are

"Qiljg to learn. how to prepare and cook a rke'pudding and .how to stew fmit.

/'repatdtio·n.-Elicit from the duss that Ili'any have seen .bciile<l rice 'cooked at. home. Stat" j·hat· they are MW going to learn how to .m·ak .. ', 0:. rice pu<lding'and also' hlm' to st~w fruit. .. • Pre.8cntatioll.-Show th" rice (0 thp class

and. tell the priee-2d.·3d; per lh. 1'\(ate tbt tJiat rice' is u. gru;in grown iri Indin., where it .. forms. the staple article of food. State tha~ rice;' as we get it, h!js had th~ outel'

. husk'remoTed: ,"PrQe-e8,~ 1.~Wash the ricE', stating that

this: is done .10 l'pIDOVe dust' and, loose ~ilrcb. • This is' best· done by putting ina

THE IRISH SClid[H .. \VEEKV\ frcae ~trainer and. pouring O\"(ll' it 50me .co~u 'water.

l~l"Ou .•. , ll.-Place I'ic<" in an pnamel]e" saucepan and POUF O\'cr it the milk s~atil1g th/lt the proportions for rice, sago, tapioca. etc., is 2.oz. t.o the pin: of liquid, BI'iug to

the boil and ano\\' to .-immer fol' ~w I,u;nu,e,. .tati'1g that riCe must be ;tined freq'H'ntl~' to pre\'ent i~ u\lrning. .

i'rore" .• lii.-G·rea~e .. r·ip. dibh. stating that clarified fat is Lest for (hi,.' .

,I'roce8., l1·_·-~-Pour rice iilto prep .. r<·~ pie­d,.h 'Ind' ~dd thp sugal', stating tha,' Ihi·., must be mixed we~l.

Pro" ... , r.Shred and cl:op fine!~' 'an oUlJ~e' of. suet. and add to the pUlldjlJ~·. ,t:tHug that rice is <'olllposed chiefly "f s~arcl.,. and TO .1IJ1Il!y the othe,' deli, c:P~(,Ie$ We cook it wah utilk and fat. enhel' ~uet or butter, State that ill ',I/11e

hot counrri~.s. rice L., ll.sed YPI'.\" Hutch .ill~t as \\~ uSe bread, and is ver~' digestible. but should

t ~e used wir.h orh",' foods. Add Hlei

to pU.l' (/J ng. Show snet "hr('dded and chop­red.

Pi-oce." r T.- Grate a litl~,' nutmeg OPI' (he top of the [luddi;lg, ,taring that 'thi, is tilled for f1avoUI'ing. ' . Pl'o;'e, •. , r 11.--- ·I'lace pie • .1i.h 011 Laking'

tm and ba~e. ~n a, l)!cdpra:e o\"en for ~ ~f att hour, elICItIng- fr.OlIl Ill'p\"ions knhwle<:lg{~ (breacllesson) "hat I; mea"t. bv a lIIoderale m-en. Show finished di>h t·f! da>~,

P,·oce.,. FIll.·- Place pie di.h OIJ dish and ~~rye til O:lC{!.

St( wed Fruil. Sh.::.w apple:s to cias,.; and ~datt'

th .. price, [1'0:\1 2d. per fh. Sta'e thllt: other· '.' fruit '.' <.li,she.5 sHch. a~ plulll:-: 0:­

rhubarb llI(iv·be cooked in the sallle way .. ,1Jr()£·c.~.<{, I.-Draw aUc:ltiorl of· ela:-~ t(l

rcci!;e written beforehand on. blackb,,-ul'd. und ~(,atP, that proponion of ,ugar UII(I

.wa,rel· IS tHe. ~anle fOl' all fruit. I"-ut sug·ar and \'r~tet· HUu an .. (·."lumc!·Jined ~au("evan and boil for tell !lunute" stalill/-:, that thi, 1.3 donp in order to form a :-Yl'llp. ~huw ~yl'up to cia,,,.

I'rore.'8 11.-· -Pal's (he apples thinh' clidting that. rh is is clone (0 Ill'C\'ellt "'ust'e:

l'ro<'ts" Ill. ·_-Cut cll('h apple into f<.ur parIs and remove C~l'e. stating (ha[ {'arc nlll·t be taken in dc·ing :1-li$ not to waste apple. Cut each quarter into t \\ 0 parts. stating that. Ihis ia done jll DI'der to cook it. mOI'e readilY.

Proces" i L--Put fruiT into pl'0pa reel ::y ru ll and sitTIlner lIut.il t{"'lIdel' statina thar ca!'e· must be taken not to ;, '"~~h" f~uit, .

Proce.,s r.-'-Pou,' i~lto gla" di~h IInr! sen-e stating that this lll"V be served either hot or cold. 'feil that- it i, Ll·!ter io cool first: a litt!" ill china bowl befOJ'C pOltl'ing' into glas;' dish, 8~ otherw;,e dish would Cl'ack. Menr.ion that apples and other frnit ai'e used for food on aecoun( of their blo"nd­)lu"dfying propel·ties and are more wbole­,ome whi'1I eaten cooked. Show <lis!t tQ C::.LF~.

A.,saciatioll.--ny comparing' (he effect ef moi"t heat 011 potato", ane! ri('e. elicit thut in !'.)th ca.es boiling is IJPCP'sarv iIJ OI'der t,l 'Imrot arid 'cook .tal·ch contained Loth in pot'ltoes and rice.

Gell,,·ralisation.--IIcl1ce elicit gpneral rule~ i,)!' cool;ing rice Hn<l ~ie"jng fJ'llit. Write rules (':1 blackboard.

Applieation.-Elieit tha't all food~ ('on­t'lining star(,h must be' subjected to grpat. heat io burst cells and cook starch. ,\I,Cl foods composed mostly of starch must be eaten wit·h other foods, such Qij milk, buttCI', etc., in order to make u<' deficiencici.

... ;- _. - -~-- ... Blackboard SkeiN' 011 Rice Putldil1& (I.'·t.

Stewed' Fruit.

I.-Rice l'a:ldill{f. 1. Pr()Jlo:-!::'iI.~.·-'2 oz. tc ::. P;ilt iiquJd 2. \Vash riCe well to \ remo'~e dUf,t and ·looiie

starch ~

;t. ·Simll1e,:. fm: 20 millntes, then bake in model'ate m-en for ~ houl'. .

4. S:let or blltter' added 10 supply deficiency In fat. .

O . . ~ugar ane! nutmeg added for fl,ayour;ng, z. {Jod 1:lll 'IC:-Chiefly a hellt giYeri, alld i.

\'cry eaSIly d.g-Hted. .

. Il,--Sleu:td' Fruit 1.' Proportioll., for'Syrl1l'.-,-"4 o·z. sugar to 1

pint water. 2. B"i! iyater and suO'ar .together for ten

,minutes quickly. '" . . 3. Add pr"l,al"eti !i'uit and cook' until ten-

de~ " 4. Serve hot er ccld.

i'uod t'tllue.-(;hieny as blood purifiers;

.... •. +.:.~ THE IRISH PROTESTANT

N,ATlONAL TEACHERS' ANNUAL FOR 1913 •.

'flIP' EX('('lItin' Committ<'f'.of· t,u8 LP.S .T .. l'. han' Sfl?t liS :t ('opy of 'its A~mtIal tor ~91;3. \\'!Ileh we have perused \nth IlIllc·h IIltc'rc'st. 1'hp mO.Rt imn6r~ tant irPllIs i'll th" littl<> pamphlet \u'e (llP Comlllittee's Hppol't fOI' the Year puded :llst :'!(ay. 191a. and th",address prepared 1'01" dpiivel'Y at the AlIllt\al t 'Onff'I'PIl(,f' 011 thp 21st ,J 1II1e, UIlH. U\' }II·. Dayid ];;!liott. R.A .. Presidento!' tit" l'niou. It is gt'atif:ving,to lea-t'n fl'nm HIP" fOl'lI1pr d(}('ulIlent that ,cllllv olle I.'asp of tlw. disf'J1lploYI1lPllt of it tpaehel' ('HlIle within thp e(}gni7.auc·" of the ('Olll­

mittel'. "during the pel'in(\ untlej· rf-yie.w. This IHlp]>y stat" ot' things is. \lot, we suppose. IIIH'ou\lp('tpd with the m~­stirpS: tak{,!l by the Cninu tn'give such ('uses, :IS \\"(,11 liS, the pPOplp. n,'sponsibje, a wide adrPltisem(>nt. '311'. 'IilIHott's nddress is, liS 'USiHlI, It thoughtful&ntl yigorolls pronnUl1eelllent. Hlsl'eaSOllt'd appeal to Pr6tE'stallt tea('liei·"'genol'lilIy to . .throw in thE'ir lot. with 'a l'.l.ilioil \\·!tieh has done so mueh tc}\nll'ds mak­ing their position.s Reeun' wijl sureiy aro\\sp to a. sense of duty .many wh{) have hithpl'to bee]] apa.thptir. A short ~tOl'~·. w·ith a. momi frolll OUI' old friend, ,. F. North," f'nltan(,P5 thp interest of. the little broell\ll'P.

12 PRIVA rE KM AS· CARDS. Your Name, Address, CrCiIl,ting . and MODO­

gram, (rom 2/-, post free ......

All Irish S;hoal Weekly Read! rs {(re (( ,t"is(!d to v'r;{e p08t(~a1·'1. at mH· ... ("ut it 1~08t ehrtrmi1ig 11001; nf Spe.cimens 'will he llR.'Tl' for f"8P"ctiOltPOS1' F'RE15,

CABINET containipg liD sheet, Society Xote , apel' ami En,elol)es l~d .. r.'8 8'1' ilhly prinred) I~((EII"NTED I'R .. ", II'lih orders ,'ulne B/6. Fu.!! Ilst (If Hand.ome S .... 'oa. .. ble Gifts and BonUM. tu :i.ll customer:; accompa.nies the Book.

Wri 11 now. Agents waat.lI .

fdALCOLM MeMEEKIN, irt Prlntln, WOl'ks

Cept, I.S.\\'.), 7 RIll' Lion ,.;, Holborn. LOndo", w."o:

The Day's Diffioultiesp,

Qeeasionally,however, they' might-be of a charadeI' requi\'ing time ancl re­search to ans'll'er satisfactorily. The fdllowing are given 'as' examples: , '

1. What will it cost met~ build' a fowl-house?

2. I wish to travel from Dublin to'

Aids for the Busy , ('ork, and need two' hours Itt least to transaH some business at the la-tter place.'CanI return , the' same day, ~md which will be xIiv besCtrains? . Teacher.

~

: :The Dominie's Happy Lot. The dominie is growing gre~',

And feth he'§; keepit, thnmg ;\Vi' ('ounts an' ~pellin' li! the day,

And liffies when they're wrang. He dnnnel's out at nine o'clock,

He dallner:> home ut foul'-Frae twal to aue to eat and smoke­

And sal.' his day is oWl'e! O! Ll'ezie, Leezi(', fine and easy

Is a job like YOll-N 8aturday at gO\d to ll1ay,

And, nye the pay guun on!

~Whell winter days ure (·uuld and dUI'k, And dykps are dl'E'p wi' snail'

And bairn,s are shiwI'in' oll're their wark,

He shuts the "hop at twa; 'And, when it eomes to Hogmanuy,

1'11(> fun ('onlPS rORl'in" bPll," 'And ilka dol,!: munu tak' n day,

'rhe dominie tak's tell! o 1 Leezie, 'Leezie, fille and easy'

Is ajoh likp YOI1-'}'o stop the 11lill wih'ne'er ye wili,

AI\d, ay(; the pay gann on!

~,nd when inspectors gie' a ca' , He tak',~ them "l.'o1:1n' to dine,

And. ayp the u'pshot 0' it a'-,. The,' bair'n8 are <lapin' fine!"

And sae the "Board" eomes ,~mirkil1' }'olln'

\Yi~ prizps' in theil' halln' ; :And s~'ne i.ts hae the end 0' .T I\ne

lintil the IJord 1>:cn8 "han! O! Leezie, 1,eezip, fine and eaRY

Is a, job 1iI,e ~'on-Sax wpl!l,~ to .iHilllt and gallivant,

.-\nti, aye the pay gnun on!

A Spelling Hint. Most teacheJ'~' find a, difficnlt~' in

teaching their pupils how to rpmell1ber the spelling of. words in which the letters ,. ei" and "ie" 0('(' II I' . The very pe('uliarity of the following s~nten(' ... will imprpss it:.elf on 11 ehild's nH'mor~' IInd greatly help the di(·tation 01' ot\l('r lniting lesson on, these" onl", HK 1JIOS~ of the nsnal ones ('ontaining .. ie" ar ... fonncl in it. .. I. lwlipvl' that my nipc'(' l)()sieged It pieec of pip," Of course it Rhould hp explained to thp "hildl'el1 that "pie" is tll(' key of the wholp sputplH·e.

Co,operation in the Drawing Lesson.

C'hildl'c'n Hn) n'ry fond of producing things that haye a pel':nanent yalr\f'. The bov will} is carelpss and intiiffpl'pnt about the exeeution of a drawing whic,lt he knows will onl~' hp glmH'e.d' at ancl ';hen put out of sight will freqllent!y

,B, ..

])11 t forth hi~ best efforts to make his work u~ perreC't as possible if lie is pngaged in making Borne object whieh he knows muy he kept for lIBe in school,

l)erhnps for mnriv years ufter he himself las left. The skilful teacher will IDa~e

flll\ use of this tE'udE'nC'y ihherent in all OUI' pllpi!s, .

There are many WayS in which the ,,/fol'ts of the s<'niol's 'may be utilised 101' the bpnefi.t of younger (:hildren. One. very satisfactory plaIt is, to allow ~he oldel' sehnlars to make objec-ts which nil I hp llst'd as matt'l'ial for 'drawing It'ssons in the lower standards,

.&. \'Pry simpln bntyahuihLe Olubjeet f,.11' lhawing IplihoJlIl is ,. shield fMms." The boys ill thl' UpPl'l' ela,ses should l)e allowpcl to make fairly fal'ge. draw­ings (H! sheet>. of ('al'dhoal'd. 'rhese shclllld then be s-nitubly culoured and ('lit out, when they can be used as lIIodl,ls [nI' the jllniors in their pencil drawing.

Gpt the ('hildren to ('l'itici~e the forms,Let them sa~' which shap" lthey like hest, ill1d \\"lIV. Interest the< {'i-!ws hy speaking about the w;e of shiplds in \\'arfare, ornament and heraldry,

Encourage the older, ehildrell, to "pal'eh among all avnilab'le historical pietl1l'l's foj' idea,; of difi'e,reilt shield jorms, ('\assif~' these a!'cordillg to thf\ period at whieh they wpre u~ed. a,nd the races 01' nations el~lploying them, as Grepk, R{)man, CeltIc, etc.

These, it will be readily seen, cannot be answered without some -delay. ThP.y Heed time and research for satii>fact'-·rY answering. For th~ f'trst no detai1$ for the working are' given at all.,..-rhe ques~ioll b~ing put a, s a, mart \l'oul4 ~l'st pllt It to Illmself ; the eost of the utt);lel'­taking will of {'onl'se deperid upt>~ 'PU? size of the l:lrOposed building', the lnai;'e­rials used in its construction" ete,' ']jtt! questioll haviiIg heen set, the children ar" requested to study themaUer in all its bearings-find out- how 'fowl-hou~s are generaU,· built. which kind and size is likely to-be most, satisfaet9ry, eie, The 'teacher of (:ourse. will" also l,llake en4uiries, " 'Some ,days aft;?rwards-when the. pupils hayeoollect-et;la-ll the information they ean .obtain-a l~!i$oQtl." Mould be given at whieh it is d~ided . ,that sort of fowi-house should bo,built, whether all pf wood, what, kind oLrQPf, <;' le, The result of 'tilis lessoll will be that ea('h pupil c:Qp'ies s\l:e1;che~, and dimensions trom the btlickboai'd, and is requested to prepare un estimate for the. next' leBson;' say :I: week lIlter.;'

To enllb\e pt~pi.ls to answ~r ,qu~stion Xo, 2 a copy of a Rp-i1way, 'l',ilile-:table ',shonld be proc\ll'ed and hung 'lip in'tll!' s(.hool-room. in a pos,ition ae.ces!,Iihle 'to aiL The answer might be reqllire{t at the next les8011." " ,

Whether answers~hoJl.ld, he' reql1ired on paper, whether they should be llQme­work, ordon{l ip school' \\'ohl~'be for the teacher to settle. ' ' .

The amQunt of real ,interel;t' l\l'ous~d, and the general il;nprovel1lellt in i1lta\li­gence resulting' horn the ,aMption 'of

, the. abov!' su~gestions must b~ experi-enced to be reafized.~l>. J. O~T: '

Mental Arithmetic-N()' fl~nds Up. :

Let. ,the dass stand l'olll1d the,,!'o{)m. Ask e'ach child in' turn, a, q\le~tion) blit {)n no a-c('ount the "·same. Su('cessfiH ones f.it down and work pro'lilems in books. "

.\sk sllf'h questions as 'the following: \'0'1'1'(' shields used for offence or d,,­f ('11('('? Were they held in th" i'igllt hand or the left; Of whnt materlals \\,,,re 'they mach'? What part of a ~hipld is called the "bo~s;" What kiud~ "01' shields al'r> 1Ise(\ by savage ppop!ps:, What \\'~is the J,atin wo-rei for ;;hield~ (."('Ullllll. Rpeak or .. sC'utllge.") Of what materiab wOl1ld "hiE'lds jll'obnbl~' hp madp in prehistorie timC's ~ Ar(' shiplds, nspd in 1ll0dHII \nll'fa!'!' ~ ('all nttpntiuil to th£' circular f01'1ll of shipld uSl'cl hy the Grpcks, and th,' sqllnrl' or oblong by i:he HOIllfllis .•

1"01' n, honw eXPl'eise let the old!?!' Jlllpils find all thl' l'derences thE'II ('an ill po"tl'~' to tllp liSP of shields, Finally, connect with thl' cOl1l]J{)sitinll IE'sson by allowing; tll(' children to state in th~' fOl'lll of all pssa,,,,,,all _t~llt tllE'Y have I"al'llt about HtliE'tcfs and their use.

'fhe brightest ::Ire so,(;m, w{'l!dGCl, out and busy at \ .... ork. :M'e3nwllile, the o,th!'l's have beell tlIifiking;. lu:)(l try again. ,They ,q.fE) never,told the an­~\Ver to their particular' pI;<i-blem., If,

'ilfter a, second attpmp:tthi;ly fail ,to. givt' the conec~ !\Oltltion, gin; an ol'nUesSQn on the. ,. pl'inciples," but \lse differ!lnt nnmbE'l's, and still question'individually, The next'time l('t th:p slow' ones head the cla~s. Ask the bright onelj;fu'st; then ask the l'E'maind()l' the same que~­tiou as befo!'E', but reqtli!'e them to reason ,; aloud," Sl} that you can' find. the .. stumbling bloC'k," 'IInd also c;ti~­cover if they have6een tolc\' by ,their ('.ompanious. 'If ~tiy doilbt ,(lxi&tl,{, ask the same kind of ql1p.stioJ.l with differeut. Slumber:l.

Every,day Problems. Qlll'stinns bE'arillg on {'very~da~' iife

~h()lIk! b(· givl!n from time to time 'to t1Hc pllpils of the .1lPPl'1' standards. ~s a 1'1I1e tllP qUpstlOllS llskl!d :>hould ht' S\H.!t as ('all be. answered without delav like the urdinary al'itlumti('ul prol:lieui'.

'. __ " _, ~, __ ... ~--....-....;._~~15 __ . ___ :t'!I~ _JItJ~_~_.~~HOOL \y~ERLY. , ,fol' a change, require

~~e~ the illUDe lIe~ of qu~· ~bpel, ill a. S1:,ll;too tUlle) dil'­t, e t~cher. The children

but not t)ltilir own. Front 00 hack row, ,and 'thf,>

those :in frolit. ,Thll'n thos~ qOrI'l~ct ,stanl.\ up; number is

bo?k, foX' fUtllre I'fo.'ference; Wltl:i on$ "'rong, etc:. Jh

. rfl!$ults are ('Qmparcod f;l!K·h ,~PfQvement noted.

V ses of Sentences. a ~evi9lon "ossonj~

was lGadei with aaal. ,frG.tn evil.

Ullt,e:n(l<!>,. that asks a. q~~$­m t'l.'I'l'~gati'vtil' $'~"

,ie:ntimc"a" ,tha~ e~preS$~s .' C!al~w.? (~u

of

~~t ,th~' end of il1l " _At, U}E.'~nd nf a ,,AtOle~Ad ,Gf all . ...\t the I.'na, uf (In

!l-lf~\teltl(!li'? flow, cl!') a 11

. ·,8ttf'~nCI)S'· tolUn:; ~~o fQIIO*tnli 1.-;- , " ,do,tJdi;~ thhlsQes

., ,tf~~ 'tlQ\\'im~

ldr~~~:I.::,~I~,t;'it ,~' $ilntetu:es thai: ,D to-":

company of\soldiel'l) a class of i)!\pil~

IIUllllUflloes abljlut-'­~tnl'~ wind

14; 'Yhat fs 'the frame inwhi(·h the

g ~s lS set <:a-Hed? ~. H!>'w is the glass fixro in the sash?

th~' s~ ~l.fit pint of a window is eaHed .. ,.. . 8: ";hy are windows in,.de to open!'

". "hy are the windows in' a, school­food~ usually higher than those in an

,01' lnary house? " 9.b the. glass in this window the

:oame as, ~hat in the windows of VOUl'

°rt \vr;;el· Ifhnot, why is it different:' , ' ,ad J$ t, Il> man who pnts glass III a \I'm Oil' ('aUed ~

(6) A Basket.

b ]k' What i~ this loa lied :- (Sho\\'ing a

as cot.) .' 2, T~ll th~ U$e of a basket.

b 3. 9

d' f !t~"' 1n!ll1Y part:. ma.,' a haskE't

," Sal l1) COnSll\lt? ' ~, ":hat it. the u~e of the haudle ~

b I). \\ hat i,s the U~e of the bcdv o{ th

iI$ket P . El

~, 'What is the ~llie of the lid? '1' Of, w.l.wt mat",l'ial is tht! bask~t

ma( e? ~

fi ~' What raCe O~ clas:;; of pe, oP, le often Jl employm.ent In bllsket-n;aking~

, (7) A Loaf .f Bread. J.., ":hat i<> bread mad.;> of? ¥. ",hat, l~ flO\1f P , ?' ",here.. ,1$ th~ ~heat grollnd?

gl'~u~fat 1$ doI;/.e WIth the woeat wht'1l

ft..;?? What is the g!'Ollud wheat sifted

~,,~:tat ddo you eall thl,' t;'oaJ'se part? A' -(" at Q ~'Otl ('all the line part?

• ,. "khat e.lse mu;;t go along with fl.Olll· .0 ma"6 bread" ' '

9. What d~ 'you ('all the mixture oi flrJ\lI', s,ak ,'ea*t.. and water Q

'tl~. Whlllltk' is done with the d~ugh wIten I I~ we neatllld? Jl. Wh~t hS one who makes bl'eQcl

()QlI~d? " 12. Oit,~ the nameg of two 01' tlll't'e

sorts of b!'~lId.

($) A H.rse~Shoe. 1. Wh~' al'L\I hol'sij's shod P

2. Of whst mate,l'ial is 'a hOl'se-olloo

H111~1" ' ,.' ~

3. ":lll:,t is (il'$t done to the il'on ~ 4. What 18 next dOlle" ' 5. What i~ a man who makes hor~-

~hoe$ called'? ' ('a~~~\rbat is 1.\ blacksmith's shop

~l'" HO~l' !lla.ny nails are usually put in a WI'SIi\S 11)1.'? •

~. ''':1I.at ar~ the nails for? ,}. ~",fIte tII·o al' thl'ee sentences

d10("1'\~}~g a!1Y I'filrge you have i)een il;

I, . Hit IS oftell said about finding'

a lorse-sho~ ~ ,

(9) i. Penknife.

kllli/;,:Yhat is, this: (ShowiLlg a pen-

¥. ":h~' is it (laljE/cl a penknife? wt)' hat othC;!l' nllllle is it oftf:11 ginm:'

k ~f~ ~O"N'! mll!ljl' parts has a poc,k\!t­

nl 1/1,' I. aIDe t lem ,;~. \\;hnt is ~he i,~~ of thlo' handle:O ' ~. \\' ha t ~$ the handle madlt of;

, I. What ?thel' sybstancE's al'e some­tllUQS 11~\l'd 101' hal1dl(?s,~ , , ,

~. What arE' the hlades arid c"", mude of;' ,'t, '>

19· ~eut !~ the use of, the blades? 11' H at IS the llse of the spring ~

t " tl ow nre the parts of a Knife k' ant

oge le!' ~ ~.

12. Ho\\" many rh-ets ar~ tl Q Tell wht're they are fi""d ,1erer

13 \rh " .". bl d

' . at IS the small nick in I a e fOl';, eaC'1

1.4. The1'e is sometime~ a small I plate fixed in th", handle ' "\"h' t ?l'l!ss use? . a)$ Its

] .j. If }'ou haw' a penknife tell I YOU O'ot, 'I' I h ' W lsre \\'()rth. I, aI\( w at you think Jt' iB

Composition Notes. Bread. '

Oll~' o~tttlalt kl~ liS.-j.A preparation from ') I.' 1nl so' t'Ol'n. -. Varletles.--Wheat, bad .

r~'e bread-the fil'~t the' finest :~~l ;~:i "hnlesom!?-the others more in us b the peasantry-.. they make 't' x' , '~ y :,eh'es. 1 \}~ t~,,,IJI.-

I :~; dPreparatlon.,--.T'J make wheat'en Hea, wheat first threshe"l tll

('l'ushe i' th '11 • " eH f1", (In e m] , then separated intn O,~l and bran---,f\oUl' for/lled into u, li Jrt-

1~l1d porOllS dough by mixing with i~ a ~tde \I'ah']' .and, bre\\'e]"s 'yeast-~aIt is

dded t~ ~1\'1' It all agl'eea.l;le taste--­dcngh I .. tt III a tJ--ough for twelve ilOUI'S !t[ ,a. terup~j",atllre of about 'i0 c1egret!s"':­J~Ol tlOn of the st;al'('h ill the ftOlll' b,,­(OlllLi'S $ugal', ann the n ferments-.. ,tIlis ('anses tit" !lough to swell--it be(qJllle~ Wllllt, the bakE'l'~ pull sponge ' ,t 1 " , I ,', -··m" ,eat ot ~ .p~st. 0 d ~lough lS sometimes used \\ lueh has. (e('men ted of itsplf, called lellven-;--titml part 1110)'0 flolll' with so wate!' IS added to the "polI'ge .,: ImdC'

t ' , ," '--\\e(O' le.

011 mto Pleees ,to!' loa,'e~-weU klle;ded -thpn pla('9d I!1 the O\'on to be baked f ~. f use1·--Bl'ead the staff or life-useli ,0] ~O( ev,)r~wh1!'l'p-~dlatevel' else a.

lOllntdlr IIses, Its food IS ('beaf) or dpar aC('QI' lIlg to the [ll'icl.' of bl'eat . ' "

Story fOI' Qepl'oduction. daok and the Rolls.

, .Jack .. :l gl'n('('~'s dog, \l'as trained to lUll ~l1and~. Ii~vel'\, ll1ol'uing he ' rmt bsb' hill lJ1istl'~s!>'to the balter'~ sl~~; or It ,asket of bl'eakfa~t l'OlIs, Fo!' a I?\lf tlll~El he 111'\'1;>1' failed to bring the

IO, S slItely. 01l~ lJ1orning, however a stldngekclog PUt hIS ~ose into the basket !-Ill to? out one of the rolls, J lick IlJ1me~lIl.te!y dl'~pped the basl,et and Ilttaekecl .tne thief. The noise made 11 the fi~htmg clogs $0011 attraeiecl othJ. 1Q~s Jl~ the neighbourhood, und in &

f~\' ml~nute~ hnlf-a-dozen ('urs Were s I'Ugg mg 101' th~ cO.lltentl'; of tlw hasket, .. Jaek, sepmg It I\'I\S hope.l('ss' t,o d~al WIth ,t~le h,!ugI'Y pat'k, ~tollped' jlgbtlllg ,md jOlnPf.l rn the feost.

Mr. Dooley on Spelling. "l'q . nhnly$ thought that if I i\'pr

W(lS .!I,(';ed Pri!'iclillt-:m' I mi h'~ been If I d stuek in po\lvtieks oll,gl e

cl b ,'« been

rnol'~ PT." en t, a Oil t w here;; I \\'a~ 1)01'-1'11 ··-th fiI st tiling I \\'lld do wud b to ~i~~('., h/l(l spellin', 1!101'e I'('spiet:ble.

\\ UI.l he m.. ambltron to tak~ tb'

'-HE IRISH SCHOOL WEEKLY. 3Ui NOVEMBER 22xD, 19HL ------------~.-~

"'oo.l'est speller in this broad land iv (lIlrs an' lift him 11.p to. a place where he ud look in th' eyf' th' most powerful speller in th' Unival'sity iv Injyallny. .Akel oPPQrchunitit's to. spell anny way ye like is me motto.. Speeyal privi­leges to none. TQQ IQng have we been QPpressed be thQse that know mQre thin we do.. Th' great liberty-Iovin·. ign'rant m a,ss es have been spelled down into th' verv earth be blQated inono.po.lists iv speilin' like Dack Eliot iv: Harva.rd. I'ye seen it estilnated th!J.t ninety per cent. iv all the eQrreetly spio>lIed wurrds in th' Ullited States wa" alynded be three hundl{prd men. Tha~'­douT Rasenfelt proposed to. shtri'ke off th' shaekles fr'm j;h' hands iv tll' suffeJ'iu' illiterate an' make him tit' peP!' iv anny man.' He demanded tit' free CQinage iv wUl'l'uds. He fret'd a· gr-reat peaple. Ye needn't sind Packy to. sc-hQQ) any more. He's lal'npd enQugh whin he's mastpred th' alpha­bet. .All he has to. do. to. make li wurrucl naw that Il'ill be ofIic-ially ('0.1'­

l'oct is to. throw a IQt iv letters into. his hat an' shake thim ont."

............... : .............

The Tutorial Column.

MENSl~ATION.

I. A man walks from one corner to the opposite compl' of a square enclosure ill 2 J minutes at the rate of 3 miles an hoHI' ; fii'td to. the nearest inch the length of a side. .

2. A ladder 50 feet. long is placed so as to reach a windaw 48 feet. high, and on

. turning the ladder over to the other side 9f the street it reachps a point 14 fept. higp.~.· Find the breadth of the street·.

3. The sides of' a triangular field are 25 chains, 17 chains, 28 chains; and its rent is £70; at what rate is this per acre

4. In a triangle ABO the sides BC. CA, ancIAB measure respect.ively 18 yardH. 13 yards, and 11 yards. Find to the nearest inch the length of the perpen­dicular from 0 on AB.

o. The two adjacent sides of a parallelo­gram are 231 feet and 120 feet, and the perp~ndicular distance between the pair of shorter sides is 77 feet: find the distance between the other pair.

6. ABeD is a quadrilateral having the sides AD and BC parallel and the angle ABC is a right angle. If BC, AD, and AB measure respectively 2883 links, 2117 links and 1624 links, find the area, in acres, roods, etc.

ANSWERS. 1. H,:; yLls. 1 ft. 8 in. 4. 12 yds. llin. 2. 36 feElt. 5. 40 fept. S. £3 6s. Sd. li. 40a,. 2rds. loper.

ARTTRMETlC. 1. At what rate per cent. will a Rum of

money amount to £365 15s. at the end

-~----

of the first. veal' and to .£413 Os. Od. at the end of the faurth year

:l. The difference between a certain principal and the interest an it far' 18 mO.nths at () per cent. per annum is £(j8:l 10s. Od., find the principal.

3. Find a mean propartional between .0009 and .0025.

4. A Society contributed £30 98'. 2!d. each member contribut.ing as many farthings as there were members. Deter­mine the number of members.

;;. Wlw,t number must be added to :'!::2,lifi that the sum may be a complete square ~

G. A farm was saId at the rate of £15 for 1 acre 15! per. A neighbouring farm, where the land was worth half as much again, was' sold for £1,147 lOs. Od.; what should be the area of the latter?

7. When A and B run a race of 40 yards, A wins by .~ yards; when Band 0 r1lll a race of tlO yards B wins by () yards. A. and C run a race of 80 yards; by how many ~'ards does A win ?

8. Assuming that. 11 is to. 14 as the area of a eircle is· to, the square of its diameter, find at £2 18s. 9d. an acre, the yearly rent of a circnlar island whose diarneter is '1-62 feet.

ANSWERS.

1. -l ~ per cpnt. 5. 4.49. Ii. 55a 3rds. 30! per. 2. £750.

3 .. eOli) 4. 17 J.

7. 15! yards. 8. £11 lis. 2 ~d.

(Hints /p the Sotut·ions to the Exel'cises 1l'h·jch appeared in last week's issue.)

I. Clearly the clock mnst have gained 12 hours in the interval between May 1st and August 9th.

Number of hours between May 1st and A ugnat 9th

=2400. Time registercd by wrong· going clock

=24.12 haul'S, and time registered by wrong-going clock fram :i\-Iay 1st till June 7th will be fonnd by the proportion

2400 : 890 : : 2412 : ? =890 haul'S 27 minutes.

Hence the time indicated by wrong­going clock on .June 7th=27 minutes past 7 p.m.

2. In order that. the hands may be at right. angles the large hand must gain 20 minlltEl-spaces from 7 a'clock on the hour hand. The large hand gains 55 minute spaces on the hour hand in an inten-al of one hour; what. time will elapse unt.il the large hand will gain 20 minutes on the small hand.

As 55 : 20 : : 60 = 2!L x 60 = 4 x 60 55 11

_ .::4.0 = 21." -. II 11

An~. = 21·,',- mil}. past 7. :l. A rea of oblong including grass plot

and gravel w~lk='i~~2 sq. feek ~ =~374'! sq. feet.

4. A at the fast rate runs 3520 yards while B rUns 3498 yards. ' . .

'Now while Arulls 3520yal'ds at'the fast rate hEl would od'ly rUn t of 3520, i.e., 2640 ye.rds at the slowritte .

Hence B would run 3498· yards While A wallld run 264.0 yards. .

• . A's rate: B's Rate=2640: 3498 i.e, as 40: 53.

5. Area of t.riangle=1620 sq. yards.i . '. 2 Area.

Perp. on langest side =-wg

~2 X !.~2~ ':'30 . riP' 108

6. Area=! praduct af diagonals =:5960 sq. yards.

Side = ¥602+332=68'4 yards, . 7. Time required to do l' mile from

A to. B=29j hr. • )' 'l'ime required to do. 1 milefromB toA

= ,'.hr. , , '. Time taken to go. I mile and return

again =g'a + .'~ =,;.1 hr. Total time=61t hrs.

,'. distance=6}-:-t1 miles . = 18£ miles"7Ans.·

8. Let C's share be repreSented by,· 8. .'. B's share will be repres6Il;ted. by 7. . '. (A+D)'s will be represented .by' 80. And A :D=5:2 . ,'. A's=~ x 30 =.!.f!!=2lt And D's=t x30=jI'r~=8~. . •.. A's+B's+C's+D's=45 ,'. C's=~·. af 630=£112 . .And B's='5af 630 =£98

And A's=21f x 630=£300 andD'II. 45

=~x~:10=£]20. :'

ELEMENTARY EXPERU;IENTAL AND Dm£ES'rIC SCIENCE.

Hard and 80ft Water.~ :-Everyone is familiar with the fact that soap lat·hers very easily in same waters and, with difticult.y in others. Waters in which saap lathers easily are. said to be soft, and waters in which soap lathers either with difficulty or nat at aIr are said to be hard. Hard waters, always con.tain mineral substances in' solution. These substances may either be. soluble. in· the pure water itself or they may be held in solution by the aid of carbon. dioxide. 'l'he mineral which is saluble in water, owing to the presence of carbon diaxide, is called ca'rbofiate af lime, and is .not dissolved by pure water. alone; hence when the water is bailed and the gas is driven off, this substance i.o; deposited upon the interior of the yessel in which the boiling has taken place. Hence hardnes~ in waters llIay be c-lassified thus: (a) Hardness whieh l';;ay be'removed by' boiling is called temporary, and. (b) Hardness which is 'nol removable by boiiing is culled p~rlllament. •

Area of grass p10t=2·lUO sq. feet. .'. area of gravel plot= 134,+ sll. feet., V01 ume of gravel = 1:l+4 X 1 c. feet.

There are Three ways of geiting. rid of temporary hardness. (a) By boiling. Obviously ·this I)lan can only be applied lo comparatively sllm!l quantities of watel'. (u) Suppose it is desh'able to get rid of the temporary hardness in a town supply. '1'\ow lime has a great affinity fol' eBl'bon dioxide, and the combination of these two forms chalk. The method, therefore, adopted is to have l~e put into

1::144 3 . .'. Cost = - .. ,)':-·Sh.=£1 l~s. 4d. ·1 - 1

~:----. ---35~(l- ---- -->

<--------31\1::- -:2;) yards;>

,. • l'

,. NlH:E~lfBER 22sn. HU8. 317 THE IRIS.H SCHOOL WEEKLY.' _._ .... _ .. _---t~"w!tter, wi~h t-I~e res~lt that.the cat'bon dioxide is used up; and as the water is no longer 'l1ible' t.o-hold ·the ·carl:lOnate··of lime insolutiPn.: the consequence is that. t·he latter mineral, tageth~r, 'with the chalk formed; . is. thrown' dou·n. (c) T he third Dwthod. of get~ing rid of temporal'v hardness is QY d:istillat·iiJn, and this pla:n is' equally effecth'e 'in'disposing of per-nlanent hardness.' ,

(rh!:' sl,lbstancfl held 'in salution whicll usually giv~s' I'ise to perina:nent. tiardneR~ is·'called,cdlc·itun· 8ulphale; Nc"" washing sp(ia, which is ('hemicaUv termed sodiuu'\ c.arbonat,e, has a &ieat affinity foI' ealeium .mlphate.' \Vhen .. these two substance~ C'ome . in cantacl', a C'hemical union takes place'witli thfl.r.~\(rt that. a new compound

. is.' formed, called '-c'alcium carbonate or chalk, . which bj'ing insolublc in water i" l~r0'Yll dawn as~a pre,!ipitate. Th .. hard· ness af a number of Elamples of differellt \,'a'terl'i niay be' eom'pal'cd by finding Ut<' least. quantity. of soap solution "'hiel! ,,,ill create a pe>rinarteht tatllel' with ~av 50 c.e·s .of .each. . .. ..

:'A so.al? salhtioll . may he' preFa~ed lIy dlS~O!Vlllg, some '';astile saap' in spil'it;; of 'WIne.. Pour some' soap ~oJllt·ion iuto .n burette.·From this add a drop 01' two at a

.. time- to 56 e .. c·s Ofl'ain water in a bottle . Jnser~ the stopper and· shake 'vigaI'ollsly after each addition. 'Vhen a· lather forms which lasts. for abont.Ji ininll.tes, .ceasE;' tC) add saap solution, and note the volume

-------of ~t used. Treat. an eqnal quantity af sprmg wat·er· in' the same .way, and note the amount of soap solution used.

By taking va,rious samples, and treatin>' t·hem as described. you may ronghly eorn-: pare the fa~i1ity with whichthev form a lather. The h(ll'dpl' th ... wat.er the mol''' is the amount of soap sQlutiQn USE-d .

o.R. \ :\1:\ Cl. n.

1. Parse the words in italics :-­., Thither lIIacduf'f

! ~ (IOIlP 10 JlI:ay the holy l.·in:l, upon hi" aiel '10 'W(ll.:c :-; ort-humberland and warlike

Si,,'ard: That by the help of these--with Him abou,; T,(~ ratify the work--we may again (,tee to our tables meat· ale.!!p t1 om

nights. " Pree fr<;>m our fea3ts and banqnets blo0dy

!,·rld.t~':'l<t

DC) fRi~hflll hOll1age ami recei\'e free hOl\OUl'cl :

All ,which we pine for now." . 2. Giw,. tt complete analysis. general and part.icular, .of :-- .

. ,.\]] th;;t we (,~~lld have .gained by imita­~m~ the doublmg", thfl evasions; the hctlOl1S, Ihe pel'jtirieswhieh have been t'mployed ag~inst u". is as nothing. when ('omp!;,red wlt.h what. we have gained by hemg the> Qne power in India on whose

'word reliance can be pltlCed.

3. Write:-

(11) The plurP.l~ of: fox, o;r, cliff, lile, l ell, negro, piano.

(b) The possessive ('ases. singular anG I:'lural, of: empre8s, lady, negro, o:r, son-H'-law.· . , (c~.The ~ascul.ine forms corresponding .0 udch, t",xen, }und, slattern, bee.

4: Writc senten('es illustrating tht val'IOUS uses of the following words:­tI,e, bl/t, llS, slIch, s·inc~.

5. S~ate. wil'h examples, the' VariOll!! c;weptlOl1S to the rule that ·two or more ~ll1gu!ar t1.oun;o; ('onnected hy the con­JunctIon awl ta!,e ,~ verh in the plura.l numbsI'.

H. Give examples' of (a) nominative abs,Cl!utc, (b) in'inite ahsolute, (c) part.iciple absolute.

7. Deri\"e the follQwinl/: :-lethargy, "pilogue, mach'ine, meteol'olog'ical, m·i,q­lInlhrop!J, mnemonic, arl'onaul, E,rodu8.

. 8. ~o;re('t or jnstify, each of the follaw­Ing, ,glVlllg reasons :--

(a) He tined not helieve I will he there. (b) The pupils of t.he etass . are always

.'quarrelling with each ather. (c) Being; a wpt aftpl'11oon Lput on my

wat.erproof. '. (d) Nothing in the world is as dry (Ijf

thp Sahara. (e) Thou IQvest hut ne'er knew loye·.

s.d satiety.

.1 Xo·1 Clause. ' Kind

. ,

Subject ____ 1 ___ ...

~~!.~~~.J_pred. . Comp I Ext. .. i . [I ---'---1---·-___ <_/

, Obj. . E. af O. COil.

2' j ~ hones,ty is 'the hest i "'poh('y

'/ . I , 3' , I "which we firmlY b€)·

i ,. "lieve to be gener" ally corr!let even with respect;to the temporal interest af individuals

4'. :',but with respect to societies, the· rule is subject to still

, fewer . exceptions

5:' I and t1iat (is true]

far this reason.

6 thitt the life of societies is longer

7 than the life of in· dh'iduals [is long]

'/ I I

Snu. nonn c-Ial.lse 1<1 :\0. J.' bt'ing rea I

, subj. of i,

·Snh. adj. (·lanse t.o :\0. J, qliaf. lllf.l.f';/II

principal ('Ianse. co· ord. with Xo. I

principal clause. co· ord. with Xos. I and 4

suh. nOlln clause to No. I), in app. with I'CUSOI,

sub. ad,'. clause of degree to No. li, mad. longer

honesty

rule the

that

life the: of socie·

ties

life the: of indivi· dUlls

is a l11ax- .

1 I ,nn I

I ' , is th,. I

hpxt. palit,y

belie"e 'firmly ; e,'en with respect. to the temporal interElst of indi­"iduals

whi('h: to be' genel'- . ally . corre(,l

is suh­je('t. to

with respect .to sQcicties

! (Camp IObj .)

is

is

is

~till . f(OwN' excep··

: tion~ : I 1

i tme ' for this reason

long

- -

nmI

tliau

thMt