Irish Project

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Irish Project

Typology Approach for Building Stock Energy Assessment

Michael Hanratty, IHER Energy ServicesEnergy Action Conference, 6th February 2012

"The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not represent the opinion of the Community. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein."

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Irish Project

Irish TABULA Co-funders


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What is the aim of TABULA ?

TABULA aims to create a harmonised structure for European Building Typologies

Focus on residential buildings, but considerations also include non-residential buildings

13 European countries take part in the project to create a National Building Typology based on the general approach

Duration: June 2009 – May 2012

Energy Action represents Ireland on the TABULA project

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Expected results National data by each partner:

– typical values for thermal envelope areas, U-values, performance of supply systems

– frequencies of building and system types in the national stock

– energy saving measures on two levels: calibration factors for adaptation of calculated to measured consumption

Energy saving potential for measures on the two different levels - “standard” and “advanced”, calculated with national methods and simplified common method.

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Main deliverables

National Building Typology Brochures / Booklets

for each country overview of the energy performance of typical buildings and the possible energy saving by refurbishment measures /

target groups: national experts, energy consultants, house owners, ...

Building Typology Webtool Datasets of building and system types from all countries + measures + online calculation (common energy performance calculation method)

target group: experts involved in European / international projects

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The Irish TABULA Project Identify 25-40 national house/dwelling types

Detailed analysis of each house type

– Model using DEAP and simplified common TABULA method

– Model each type for both (1) standard and (2) advanced improvements

– Present overview of each type on TABULA Webtool and via brochures/ booklet

Identify frequency of main house types to model national housing stock

A National Advisory for TABULA includes representatives from Government Departments (DCENR, DOEHLG), Local Authorities (DCC, SDCC, DLR), ESB, ESRI and several consultants

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Overview of Irish Housing Stock

Source: Census 2006

Dwelling Type TotalDetached house

Semi-detached house

Terraced house

Flat or apartment in a purpose-built block

Flat or apartment in a converted house or commercial building Bed-sit Not stated

Before 1919 154,352 82,951 15,748 37,111 3,037 11,235 2,678 1,592

1919 to 1940 107,645 48,394 22,056 29,146 2,552 3,339 978 1,180

1941 to 1960 142,414 49,140 40,935 43,461 4,634 2,300 661 1,283

1961 to 1970 112,969 41,777 40,435 22,727 5,248 1,369 486 927

1971 to 1980 212,382 98,182 67,698 37,306 5,763 1,348 417 1,668

1981 to 1990 166,021 85,700 45,064 24,337 7,977 1,134 396 1,413

1991 to 1995 93,086 43,071 30,232 8,341 9,604 927 243 668

1996 to 2000 154,774 71,973 51,327 11,455 17,093 1,450 355 1,121

2001 or later 249,443 94,408 71,378 32,957 44,991 2,230 783 2,696

Not stated 69,210 10,392 13,487 10,681 8,967 4,674 1,754 19,255

Total 1,462,296 625,988 398,360 257,522 109,866 30,006 8,751 31,803

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Defining the Irish Typology in TABULA.xls

Appendix S of DEAP Methodology used as starting point

– Exposed Wall U Values for different age bands

– SEAI provided breakdown of 115,000 BER certs published by September 2010

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Exposed Wall U Values

Age Band A B C D E F[1] G H I J

Wall type

to

1900 ‘29 ‘49 ‘66 ‘77 ‘82 ‘93 ‘99 ‘04 ‘05+

stone 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.1 0.6 0.45 0.45 0.27

225mm solid brick 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.1 0.6 0.45 0.45 0.27

325mm solid brick 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.1 0.6 0.45 0.45 0.27

300mm cavity 2.1 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.1 0.6 0.45 0.45 0.27

300mm filled cavity 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.45 0.45 0.27

solid mass concrete 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.1 0.6 0.45 0.45 0.27

concrete hollow block 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 1.1 0.6 0.45 0.45 0.27

timber frame 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.45 0.45 0.27

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Irish Age Bands - based on Appendix S

Age Band A B C D E F G H I J

Wall typeBefore1900

1900-1929

1930-1949

1950-1966

1967-1977

1978-1982

1983-1993

1994-1999

2000-2004

2005 onwards Total

stone 2,150

1,554

1,588

1,369

720

473

944

1,466

1,876

1,562

13,702

255mm solid brick

200

303

449

574

269

96

209

344

664

981

4,089

325 solid brick 351

417

660

570

180

81

203

202

261

220

3,145

300 mm cavity 22

130

433

2,065

3,294

2,754

5,808

7,102

11,108

14,267

46,983

300 mm filled cavity

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15

83

432

1,040

877

1,649

2,552

4,782

6,203

17,642

solid mass concrete

102

173

941

792

186

69

185

425

766

2,783

6,422

concrete hollow block

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25

131

668

1,069

557

753

718

703

884

5,517

timber frame 12

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138

46

169

712

2,338

5,891

9,351

other 94

89

111

91

115

80

237

264

1,042

6,526

8,649

Total age walls:

2,949

2,717

4,404

6,587

7,011

5,033

10,157

13,785

23,540

39,317

115,500

Data from SEAI: September 2010

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Wall typebef 1900

1900-1929

1930-1949

1950-1966

1967-1977

1978-1982

1983-1993

1994-1999

2000-2004

2005 onw

stone 73% 57% 36% 21% 10% 9% 9% 11% 8% 4%255mm solid brick 7% 11% 10% 9% 4% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2%

325 solid brick 12% 15% 15% 9% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1%

300 mm cavity 1% 5% 10% 31% 47% 55% 57% 52% 47% 36%300 mm filled cavity 0% 1% 2% 7% 15% 17% 16% 19% 20% 16%solid mass concrete 3% 6% 21% 12% 3% 1% 2% 3% 3% 7%concrete hollow block 0% 1% 3% 10% 15% 11% 7% 5% 3% 2%

timber frame 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 1% 2% 5% 10% 15%

other 3% 3% 3% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 4% 17%

Total age walls: 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Total age BER's

2,949

2,717

4,404

6,587

7,011

5,033

10,157

13,785

23,540

39,317

Same table by percentages

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Wall typeBefore1900

1900-1929

1930-1949

1950-1966

1967-1977

1978-1982

1983-1993

1994-1999

2000-2004

2005 onwds

stone 73% 57% 36% 21% 10% 9% 9% 11% 8% 4%225mm solid brick 7% 11% 10% 9% 4% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2%

325 solid brick 12% 15% 15% 9% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1%

300 mm cavity 1% 5% 10% 31% 47% 55% 57% 52% 47% 36%300 mm filled cavity 0% 1% 2% 7% 15% 17% 16% 19% 20% 16%solid mass concrete 3% 6% 21% 12% 3% 1% 2% 3% 3% 7%concrete hollow block 0% 1% 3% 10% 15% 11% 7% 5% 3% 2%

timber frame 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 1% 2% 5% 10% 15%

other 3% 3% 3% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 4% 17%

Total age walls: 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Total age BER's

2,949

2,717

4,404

6,587

7,011

5,033

10,157

13,785

23,540

39,317

Certain wall types in selected age bands were minimal and could be ignored

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Irish Dwelling types have been categorised and coded to create

the Irish building typology for TABULA

29 Irish house types

5 Irish apartment types

Buildings from all EU countries have been coded in TABULA.xls

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Building age coding

Five distinct building construction age bands have been selected to cover Irish dwelling types.

Construction Year Class Code

1800-1977 1

1978-1982 2

1983-1993 3

1994-2004 4

2005-onwards 5

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Construction type coding

Range of additional parameters have been selected to cover construction types

code description code description

Stone stone MasConc mass concrete

225SB 225mm solid brick HBlock hollow block

325SB 325mm solid brick HBlockHBFhollow block- half brick front

gen empty or filled cavity HBlockFBFhollow block -full brick front

TimbfrTimber frame construction

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Irish TABULA House Types within Appendix S Age Bands & Wall Types


Wall typebef 1900

1900-1929

1930-1949

1950-1966

1967-1977

1978-1982

1978-1983

1994-1999

2000-2004

2005 onw

stone 3,4 255mm solid brick 5,6

325 solid brick 7,8

300 mm cavity 1,2 14,15 18,19 22,23 26,27300 mm filled cavity solid mass concrete 9&10 concrete hollow block 11,12,13 16,17 20,21

timber frame 24,25 28,29

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TABULA Building Matrix of Irish Dwellings

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Standard Measures (Stage 1)Based on SEAI Better Energy Homes Standard

Stage 1 Measures Upgrade StandardsRoof U-Value 0.13 W/m2KFlat roofs 0.22 W/m2KWall U-Value 0.27 W/m2KWooden Floor (replace) 0.25 W/m2KWindows U-Value 2 W/m2KDoors (PVC) 2 W/m2K

Space heat generator efficiency 90% gas, oil

Water heat generator efficiency 90% gas, oil

Heating controls Full zone controlCylinder Insulation 50mm, spray foam

All of these improvement measures are coded in TABULA.xls

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Advanced Measures: (Stage 2) Proposal

Stage 2 is an advancement on SEAI Better Energy Homes Scheme

U Values based on Part L 2011

Stage 2 Measures Upgrade Standards

Roof U-Value 0.13 W/m2KFlat roof 0.20 Wm2KWall U-Value 0.21 W/m2KWindows U-Value 1.3 W/m2K

Doors (PVC) 2 W/m2K

Space heat generator efficiencyHeat pump: 380% min air, 400% ground

Water heat generator efficiencyHeat pump: 380% min air, 400% ground

Plus Solar thermal (4m2 to 6m2)40% contribution of total energy (10% electric immersion)

Heating controls Full zone controlCylinder Insulation 50mm, spray foam

Mechanical Heat Recovery Ventilation 80% minimum efficiency

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Refurbishment Analysis

Results (based on SEAI

DEAP Calculation)

no Age Band: House type Current State Stage 1 Stage 2

1 1900-1977 SFH.01.Gen G B3 B12 1900-1977 TH.01.Gen G B3 B13 1900-1977 SFH.01.Stone G C1 B14 1900-1977 TH.01.Stone G C1 B25 1900-1977 SFH.01.225SB G C1 B36 1900-1977 TH.01.225SB G B3 B17 1900-1977 SFH.01.325SB G B2 B18 1900-1977 TH.01.325SB G C1 B2

9 1900-1977 SFH.01.MassConc G C1 B3

10 1900-1977 TH.01.MassConc F B2 B111 1900-1977 SFH.01.Hblock G B3 B1

12 1900-1977 TH.01.HBlockFBF G B3 B1

13 1900-1977 TH.01.HBlockHBF G B2 B114 1978-1982 SFH.02.Gen E2 B3 B115 1978-1982 TH.02.Gen E1 B2 B116 1978-1982 SFH.02.Hblock E1 B3 B117 1978-1982 TH.02.Hblock E2 B2 B118 1983-1993 SFH.03.Gen E1 B3 B219 1983-1993 TH.03.Gen D2 B3 B220 1983-1993 SFH.03.Hblock D1 B2 B121 1983-1993 TH.03.Hblock D2 B2 A322 1994-2004 SFH.04.Gen D2 C1 B323 1994-2004 TH.04.Gen C2 B2 B124 1994-2004 SFH.04.Tframe C3 B3 B225 1994-2004 TH.04.Tframe C3 B3 B226 2005-onw SFH.05.Gen C1 B2 B127 2005-onw TH.05.Gen B3 B2 B128 2005-onw SFH.05.Tframe C1 B2 B129 2005-onw TH.05.Tframe B2 B2 B1

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TABULA Brochures of

Typical Irish Dwellings

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Running costs (€)

House Type 11 Current State 6608

Standard Refurbishment 1738

Advanced Refurbishment 868

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External Wall Insulation to 2 neighbouring bungalows in Malahide in 2010

Before After

kWh/m2/a BER Grade kWh/m2/a BER Grade

House A 297 D2 206 C3

House B 332 E1 238 D1

House A: Had 85% efficient oil boiler and limited heating controlsHouse B: Had old Potterton gas boiler (68% efficient), limited heating controls

Walls and roofs were insulated to 2008 Building Regulations but neither house had floor insulation

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TABULA Webtool

http://webtool.building-typology.eu/webtool/tabula.html?c=all

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TABULA Webtool

Click on your Irish house type for full details…..

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TABULA Webtool

You can select Polish buildings

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TABULA Webtool

Or Czech buildings or……………. wherever you like

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Then click on your heating system option……

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Lots of calculation data is provided for the 3 stages… …here is energy needed for heating

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You can review the energy balance for the building fabric and the heating system for the existing building….

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National Brochures

The TABULA webtool also provides background calculation data for the building and the heating system at all stages. ….

This is all within the Standard version of the webtool .. .there will be a more advanced level version too!

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Comparing TABULA Results to data in SEAI’s Database of 225,00 BERs

TABULA Type Age Band:

TABULA House type

TABULA Typical Primary Energy Value kWh/m2/a

SEAI NAS Average Primary Energy Value kWh/m2/a Variation

Variation as % of TABULA typical Primary Energy Value

SEAI NAS Max kWh/m2/a

SEAI Min kWh/m2/a

11900-1977 SFH.01.Gen 484 366 118 24% 8901 75

21900-1977 TH.01.Gen 489 314 175 36% 8031 101

31900-1977 SFH.01.Stone 618 440 178 29% 11824 95

41900-1977 TH.01.Stone 607 410 197 32% 6724 93

51900-1977 SFH.01.225SB 634 443 191 30% 1736 119

61900-1977 TH.01.225SB 464 390 73 16% 5627 119

71900-1977 SFH.01.325SB 454 383 71 16% 2702 110

81900-1977 TH.01.325SB 632 381 250 40% 6484 98

91900-1977 SFH.01.MassConc 657 507 150 23% 15393 121

1. BER database includes many houses that have received grant-supported upgrades

2. TABULA house type are based on one specific fuel type

Source: SEAI, October 2011

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Refurbishment Rates from SEAI Better Energy Homes (including HES, WHS, GHS)

2007-2011

Grant-aided Thermal Upgrade Measures 2007-2011

Measures as % of Total Housing

(1.6m)

Wall Insulation Measures 28,974 0.18%

Roof insulation measures 57,121 0.36%

Solar thermal Installations 24,071 0.15%

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Conclusions & Recommendations

The Irish BER database is a rich resource of Irish building energy statistical data. However, it is not a scientific source of research data.

Deeper analysis by cross-referencing the BER database to Irish TABULA types:

– will provide further insights into retrofitting policy and practice

– will enable a national energy balance to be developed

Building data within the Irish census needs to be matched with building energy performance methodologies

A national house condition survey is critical to track the energy performance levels of Irish housing stock

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Final Steps

TABULA International Expert Workshop"Energy Assessment of National Housing Stocks - Building Typologies will take place on Wednesday, 29th February 2012 in framework of the "World Sustainable Energy Days 2012„ in Wels / AUSTRIA – YOU Are all welcome!

A master report containing all Irish brochures will be published by end February 2012

Scientific Report of Irish Tabula project will be developed by end April 2012

The Irish typology will hopefully be further developed and expanded after the programme finishes in May 2012

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Irish Project

www.building-typology.eu


www.iher.ie 01 [email protected]

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Irish Project