IRELAND - European Food Safety Authority · RABIES 88 2.11.1. General evaluation of the national situation 88 2.11.2. Rabies in humans 88 2.11.3. Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals 89

IRELAND

The Report referred to in Article 9 of Directive 2003/ 99/ EC

TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES ANDZOONOTIC AGENTS IN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS ANDFEEDINGSTUFFS

including information on foodborne outbreaks, antimicrobialresistance in zoonotic agents and some pathogenicmicrobiological agents

IN 2006

INFORMATION ON THE REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEMCountry: IrelandReporting Year: 2006Institutions and laboratories involved in reporting and monitoring:Laboratory name Description ContributionCMCL Central meat Control Laboratory Samples taken at prcessing plants

under EU hygiene Package regulationsand submitted to the CMCL (adepartment of Agriculture and Foodofficial laboratory) for analysis(Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes,Campylobacter, Trichinella)

CVRL Central Veterinary ResearchLaboratory and Department ofAgriculture and Food approvedlaboratories (DAF approved labs)

Samples taken at processing plants andsubmitted to prviate laboratoriesapproved by DAF for Salmonellatesting. Serotyping performed at theCVRL and data compiled by theCVRL

DAF/ FSAI Department of Agriculture and Food/Food safety Authority of Ireland jointproject

Samples taken under the EnhancedPoultry Monitoring Programme whichcommenced in 2000. Samples weretaken at poultry processing plants andsubmitted to a DAf approved privatelaboratory for analysis (Salmonellaand Campylobacter). Samples of Irishand imported poultry meat areincluded.

DCMNR Department of Communications,Marine and Natural Resoucesapproved laboratories

Samples taken at processing plantsunder Food Hygiene Regulations andsubmitted to DCMNRapprovedlaboratories for analysis (Salmonellaand Listeria spp)

DSL Dairy Science Laboratories Samples taken at processing plantsunder EU Hygiene PackageRegulations and submitted to DAFofficial laboratories for analysis(Salmonella and Listeria spp)

Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses

Ireland 2006

OFML Official Food MicrobiologicalLaboratories

Samples taken under EU HygienePackage Regulations includingsamples taken for EU coordinatedprogrammes, samples taken fornational survey programmes andcomplaint samples. The majority ofsamples taken at retail level (cateringand retail premises. A smallpercentage of samples taken fromdistributors/ transporters,manufacturers/ packers and primaryproducers


Ireland 2006

PREFACEThis report is submitted to the European Commission in accordance with Article 9 of Council Directive 2003/ 99/ EC1. The information has also been forwarded to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The report contains information on trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in Ireland during theyear 2006. The information covers the occurrence of these diseases and agents in humans, animals, foodstuffsand in some cases also in feedingstuffs. In addition the report includes data on antimicrobial resistance in somezoonotic agents and commensal bacteria as well as information on epidemiological investigations of foodborneoutbreaks. Complementary data on susceptible animal populations in the country is also given. The information given covers both zoonoses that are important for the public health in the whole EuropeanCommunity as well as zoonoses, which are relevant on the basis of the national epidemiological situation. The report describes the monitoring systems in place and the prevention and control strategies applied in thecountry. For some zoonoses this monitoring is based on legal requirements laid down by the CommunityLegislation, while for the other zoonoses national approaches are applied. The report presents the results of the examinations carried out in the reporting year. A national evaluation of theepidemiological situation, with special reference to trends and sources of zoonotic infections, is given.Whenever possible, the relevance of findings in foodstuffs and animals to zoonoses cases in humans isevaluated. The information covered by this report is used in the annual Community Summary Report on zoonoses that ispublished each year by EFSA.

1 Directive 2003/ 99/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2003 on the monitoring ofzoonoses and zoonotic agents, amending Decision 90/ 424/ EEC and repealing Council Directive 92/ 117/ EEC, OJ L 325,17.11.2003, p. 31


Ireland 2006

LIST OF CONTENTS1. ANIMAL POPULATIONS 12. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS 32.1. SALMONELLOSIS 42.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation 42.1.2. Salmonellosis in humans 42.1.3. Salmonella in foodstuffs 52.1.4. Salmonella in animals 272.1.5. Salmonella in feedingstuffs 312.1.6. Salmonella serovars and phagetype distribution 342.1.7. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates 422.2. CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 452.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation 452.2.2. Campylobacteriosis in humans 452.2.3. Campylobacter in foodstuffs 462.2.4. Campylobacter in animals 512.2.5. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates 532.3. LISTERIOSIS 542.3.1. General evaluation of the national situation 542.3.2. Listeriosis in humans 542.3.3. Listeria in foodstuffs 552.3.4. Listeria in animals 652.4. E. COLI INFECTIONS 662.4.1. General evaluation of the national situation 662.4.2. E. Coli Infections in humans 662.4.3. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in foodstuffs 672.4.4. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in animals 702.5. TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES 712.5.1. General evaluation of the national situation 712.5.2. Tuberculosis, Mycobacterial Diseases in humans 712.5.3. Mycobacterium in animals 722.6. BRUCELLOSIS 742.6.1. General evaluation of the national situation 742.6.2. Brucellosis in humans 742.6.3. Brucella in foodstuffs 752.6.4. Brucella in animals 752.7. YERSINIOSIS 802.7.1. General evaluation of the national situation 802.7.2. Yersiniosis in humans 802.7.3. Yersinia in foodstuffs 812.7.4. Yersinia in animals 812.8. TRICHINELLOSIS 822.8.1. General evaluation of the national situation 822.8.2. Trichinellosis in humans 822.8.3. Trichinella in animals 82


Ireland 2006

2.9. ECHINOCOCCOSIS 832.9.1. General evaluation of the national situation 832.9.2. Echinococcosis in humans 832.9.3. Echinococcus in animals 842.10. TOXOPLASMOSIS 852.10.1. General evaluation of the national situation 852.10.2. Toxoplasmosis in humans 852.10.3. Toxoplasma in animals 872.11. RABIES 882.11.1. General evaluation of the national situation 882.11.2. Rabies in humans 882.11.3. Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals 892.12. QFEVER 902.12.1. General evaluation of the national situation 902.12.2. Coxiella (Qfever) in animals 90

3. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIALRESISTANCE

91

3.1. ESCHERICHIA COLI, NONPATHOGENIC 923.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation 923.1.2. Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, nonpathogenic isolates 93

4. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS 954.1. HISTAMINE 964.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation 964.1.2. Histamine in foodstuffs 964.2. ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII 974.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation 974.2.2. Enterobacter sakazakii in foodstuffs 974.3. STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS 984.3.1. General evaluation of the national situation 984.3.2. Staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs 98

5. FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS 99


Ireland 2006

1. ANIMAL POPULATIONS

The relevance of the findings on zoonoses and zoonotic agents has to be related to the size and nature of theanimal population in the country.


Ireland 2006 1

Table Susceptible animal populations

* Only if different than current reporting yearAnimal species Category of

animalsLivestock numbers(live animals)

Number ofslaughtered animals

Number of holdings Number of herds orflocks

Year* Year* Year* Year*Cattle (bovineanimals)

calves (under 1year)

1530038 2006

in total 6321823 2006 1774054 2006 122392 2006Ducks in total 1 2006 8 2006Gallus gallus(fowl)

broilers 12000000 2006 64560000 2006 250 2006 300 2006

breeding flocks,unspecified intotal

617000 2006 583000 2006 100 2006

laying hens 1988500 2006 1970000 300 2006 460 2006grandparentbreeding flocks formeat productionline

74000 2006 70535 2006 7 2006 16 2006

parent breedingflocks for meatproduction line

617000 2006 583000 2006 100 2006

Goats in total 5594 2006 292Pigs breeding animals 167000 2006 96000 2006 380 2006 380 2006

fattening pigs 1451000 2006 2522000 2006 420 2006 420 2006in total 1620000 2006 2619000 2006 480 2006 480 2006

Sheep in total 3601064 35006Turkeys parent breeding

flocks 30000 2006 28000 2006 11 2006

meat productionflocks

900000 2006 2900000 2006 130 2006

in total 830000 2006 2928000 2006 70 2006 141 2006


Ireland 2006 2

2. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTICAGENTS

Zoonoses are diseases or infections, which are naturally transmissible directly or indirectly between animals andhumans. Foodstuffs serve often as vehicles of zoonotic infections. Zoonotic agents cover viruses, bacteria,fungi, parasites or other biological entities that are likely to cause zoonoses.


Ireland 2006 3

2.1. SALMONELLOSIS

2.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation

2.1.2. Salmonellosis in humans

A. Salmonellosis in humans

Case definition

Salmonellosis (Salmonella enterica) (EU)Clinical descriptionClinical picture compatible with salmonellosis e.g. diarrhoea, abdominal pain, nausea, and sometimesvomiting. Cases may also be asymptomatic. The organism may cause extraintestinal infections.**Laboratory criteria for diagnosisIsolation of Salmonella sp. (nontyphi, nonparatyphi) from a clinical specimenCase classificationPossible: N/ AProbable: A laboratory confirmed isolate without clinical information or a case with clinicalsymptoms that has an epidemiological link*Confirmed: A clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed.** The description in the EU case definition document has been elaborated upon here.

Notification system in place

Notifiable since 1948


Ireland 2006 4

2.1.3. Salmonella in foodstuffsTable Salmonella in poultry meat and products thereof (P

art A

)

Source of information

Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for Salmonella spp.

S. Kentucky

S. Paratyphi

S. Brandenburg

S. Infantis

S. Schwarzengrund

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella spp., unspecified

S. Paratyphi B var. Java

S. Agona

S. Blockley

S. Bredeney

S. Cerro

S. Derby

S. Hadar

Meat from broilers (G

allus

gallus)

fresh

at processing plant

Monitoring

DAF/

FSAI

single

Varies

495

11

3

at processing plant

Surveillance (1)

CMCL/

CVRL

single

Varies

5958

609

12

12

11

141

22

3

at retail Surveillance

OFM

Lsingle

25g

80

minced meat

intended to be eaten cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance

CMCL

single

25g

10

meat products

raw but intended to be eaten

cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance (2)

CMCL/

CVRL

single

Varies

2136

166

11

12

3

at retail Surveillance O

FML

single

25g

80


Ireland 2006 5

cooked, readytoeat

at processing plant

Surveillance (3)

CMCL

single

25g

3536

21

1


FML

single

25g

1185

0

carcass

at processing plant

Monitoring

DAF/

FSAI

single

Varies

125

11

at processing plant

Monitoring (Unspecified)

DAF/

FSAI

single

Varies

20

Meat from turkey

fresh

at processing plant

Monitoring

DAF/

FSAI

single

Varies

81

1

at processing plant

Surveillance (4)

CMCL/

CVRL

single

Varies

201

94

1

meat products


cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance (5)

CMCL/

CVRL

single

Varies

178

41

2


FML

single

25g

10

cooked, readytoeat

at processing plant

Surveillance (6)

CMCL/

CVRL

single

Varies

731

0


FML

single

25g

167

0

Meat from duck

at processing plant

Monitoring (Not stated M

eat

from

Duck)

DAF/

FSAI

single

Varies

136

41

1

fresh

at processing plant

Surveillance

CVRL

single

Not

Stated

108

22


Ireland 2006 6

meat products

cooked, readyto

eat

at processing plant

Surveillance

CVRL

single

Not

Stated

10


FML

single

25g

170

Meat from poultry, unspecified

at processing plant


eat

from

Poultry Unspecified)

DAF/

FSAI

single

Varies

120

meat products

raw but intended to be

eaten cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance

CMCL

single

25g

520

cooked, readyto

eat

at processing plant

Surveillance

CMCL

single

25g

640

(1) : (C

MCL 3 Tested, 0 Positives) (C

VRL 5955 Tested, 60 Positives)

(2) : (C



(3) : (C

MCL 151 Tested, 0 Positives)(CVRL 3385 Tested, 2 Positives)

(4) : (C



(5) : (C



(6) : (C



Footnote

The sample weight for samples analysed at OFM

Ls and CMCL is usually 25g. N

o sample weight provided for the data subm

itted from

the CVRL. The

sample weight for poultry meat sam

ples taken under the DAF/ FSA

I enhanced poultry monitoring programme varies.


Ireland 2006 7

Table Salmonella in poultry meat and products thereof (P

art B

)

S. Heidelberg

S. Indiana

S. Kibi

S. Kottbus

S. Mbandaka

S. Orion

S. Saintpaul

S. Thompson

S. Virchow

S. Anatum

Meat from broilers (G

allus

gallus)

fresh

at processing plant

Monitoring

at processing plant

Surveillance (1)

1

12

215


minced meat


at processing plant

Surveillance

meat products


cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance (2)

1

1


cooked, readytoeat

at processing plant

Surveillance (3)


carcass

at processing plant

Monitoring


Ireland 2006 8

at processing plant

Monitoring (Unspecified)

Meat from turkey

fresh

at processing plant

Monitoring

at processing plant

Surveillance (4)

2

11

meat products


cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance (5)

1


cooked, readytoeat

at processing plant

Surveillance (6)


Meat from duck

at processing plant


eat

from

Duck)

fresh

at processing plant

Surveillance

meat products

cooked, readyto

eat

at processing plant

Surveillance




Ireland 2006 9

at processing plant


eat

from

Poultry Unspecified)

meat products


eaten cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance

cooked, readyto

eat

at processing plant

Surveillance

(1) : (C



(2) : (C



(3) : (C

MCL 151 Tested, 0 Positives)(CVRL 3385 Tested, 2 Positives)

(4) : (C



(5) : (C



(6) : (C



Footnote




itted from

the CVRL. The sample

weight for poultry meat sam

ples taken under the DAF/ FSA

I enhanced poultry monitoring programme varies.


Ireland 2006 10

Table Salmonella in milk and dairy products


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for Salmonella sp

p.

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

S. Brandenburg

S. Bredeney

S. M

bandaka

Cheeses made from cows' milk unspecified at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 5 0

Cheeses made from goats' milk

soft and semisoft at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0

unspecified at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 4 0

Dairy products (excludingcheeses)

butter at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)

DSL batch 25g 10 0

at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0

cream at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)

DSL batch 25g 6 0


milk powder and whey powder

at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)

DSL batch 25g 87 0

at processing plant Surveillance

CVRL single NotStated

5564 1 1

icecream at processing plant Surveillance

DSL single 25g 12 0


DSL batch 25g 1 0


DSL batch 25g 56 0


DSL batch 25g 1 0


Ireland 2006 11


dairy desserts at processing plant Surveillance

DSL single 25g 1 0


dairy products, not specified at processing plant Surveillance (1)

DSL/CVRLsingle Varies 6103 3 2 1


DSL batch 25g 18 0


Milk from other animal speciesor unspecified

UHT milk at processing plant Surveillance

DSL single 25g 10 0


DSL batch 25g 1 0

pasteurised at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)

DSL batch 25g 1 0



224 0


raw at processing plant Surveillance


17 0


at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)

OFML single 25g 5 0

Cheeses, made fromunspecified milk or otheranimal milk

hard at processing plant Surveillance

DSL single 25g 30 0


DSL batch 25g 40 0


unspecified at processing plant Surveillance

DSL single 25g 97 1 1


DSL batch 25g 1 0


DSL batch 25g 73 0


soft and semisoft


Ireland 2006 12


DSL batch 25g 17 0


(1) : (DSL 5 Tested, 0 Positives) (CVRL 6098 Tested, 3 Positives)

Footnote

The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs and DSL is usually 25g. No sample weight provided for the datasubmitted from the CVRL.


Ireland 2006 13

Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof (P

art A

)


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for Salmonella spp.

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella spp., unspecified

S. Anatum

S. Brandenburg

S. Bredeney

S. Hadar

S. Havana

S. Kentucky

S. Dublin

S. Kottbus

S. London

S. Manhattan

S. Mbandaka

S. Nottingham

Meat from pig

fresh

at processing plant

Surveillance (1)

CMCL/

CVRL

single

Varies

2927

5020

82

81

minced meat


at processing plant

Surveillance

CMCL

single

25g

21

1

meat products


cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance (2)

CMCL/

CVRL

single

Varies

3509

4626

11

11

31


FML

single

25g

160

cooked, readytoeat

at processing plant

Surveillance (3)

CMCL/

CVRL

single

Varies

5544

0


FML

single

25g

927

11


Ireland 2006 14

Meat from bovine animals

fresh

at processing plant

Surveillance (4)

CMCL/

CVRL

single

Varies

21618

3616

11

11

111

minced meat


at processing plant

Surveillance

CMCL

single

25g

260


FML

single

25g

30

meat products


cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance (5)

CMCL/

CVRL

single

Varies

11832

237

112


FML

single

25g

100

cooked, readytoeat

at processing plant

Surveillance (6)

CMCL/

CVRL

single

Varies

1951

22


FML

single

25g

481

0

Meat from sh

eep

fresh

at processing plant

Surveillance (7)

CMCL/

CVRL

single

Varies

1506

22


OFM

Lsingle

25g

20

minced meat

intended to be eaten

cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance

CMCL

single

25g

20


FML

single

25g

10

meat products

cooked, readyto

eat


Ireland 2006 15

at processing plant

Surveillance (8)

CMCL/

CVRL

single

Varies

500


FML

single

25g

560


eaten cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance (9)

CMCL/

CVRL

single

Varies

727

0

offal

at processing plant

Surveillance

CMCL

single

25g

20

Other products of animal

origin

at processing plant

Surveillance (Edible Fat)

CVRL

single

Not

Stated

525

32

Meat, red meat (meat from

bovines, pigs, goats, sheep,

horses, donkeys, bison and

water buffalos)

meat products


eaten cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance

CMCL

single

25g

10

cooked, readyto

eat

at processing plant

Surveillance

CMCL

single

25g

80

Meat from other animal

species or not specified

at processing plant

Surveillance (M

eat

unclassified)

CMCL

single

25g

189

0

fresh

at processing plant

Surveillance

CVRL

single

Not

Stated

2773

215

41

12

1


OFM

Lsingle

25g

20

meat products


Ireland 2006 16


eaten cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance

CVRL

single

Not

stated

1269

11


FML

single

25g

150

cooked, readyto

eat

at processing plant

Surveillance

CVRL

single

Not

Stated

3541

0


FML

single

25g

215

0

minced meat


cooked


FML

single

25g

130

Meat, mixed meat

meat products

cooked, readyto

eat

at processing plant

Surveillance

CMCL

single

25g

70


FML

single

25g

890

(1) : (C

MCL 19 Tested, 1 Positive) (CVRL 2908 Tested, 49 Positives)

(2) : (C

MCL 145 Tested, 1 Positive) (CVRL 3364 Tested, 45 Positive)

(3) : (C



(4) : (C



(5) : (C

MCL 269 Tested, 12 Positives) (CVRL 11563 Tested, 11 Positives)

(6) : (C



(7) : (C



(8) : (C



(9) : (C



Footnote




itted from

the CVRL.


Ireland 2006 17

Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof (P

art B

)

S. Orion

S. Panama

S. Derby

S. Paratyphi

S. Reading

S. Rissen

S. Senftenberg

S. Bergen

S. Agona

Meat from pig

fresh

at processing plant

Surveillance (1)

7

4

minced meat


at processing plant

Surveillance

meat products


cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance (2)

10

11


cooked, readytoeat

at processing plant

Surveillance (3)



fresh

at processing plant

Surveillance (4)

1

3

minced meat



Ireland 2006 18

at processing plant

Surveillance


meat products


cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance (5)

2

1


cooked, readytoeat

at processing plant

Surveillance (6)


Meat from sh

eep

fresh

at processing plant

Surveillance (7)


minced meat


cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance


meat products

cooked, readyto

eat

at processing plant

Surveillance (8)



eaten cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance (9)

offal


Ireland 2006 19

at processing plant

Surveillance

Other products of animal

origin

at processing plant

Surveillance (Edible Fat)

1

Meat, red meat (meat from

bovines, pigs, goats, sheep,

horses, donkeys, bison and

water buffalos)

meat products


eaten cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance

cooked, readyto

eat

at processing plant

Surveillance

Meat from other animal

species or not specified

at processing plant

Surveillance (M

eat

unclassified)

fresh

at processing plant

Surveillance

1

23

1


meat products


eaten cooked

at processing plant

Surveillance


cooked, readyto

eat

at processing plant

Surveillance


Ireland 2006 20


minced meat


cooked


Meat, mixed meat

meat products

cooked, readyto

eat

at processing plant

Surveillance


(1) : (C

MCL 19 Tested, 1 Positive) (CVRL 2908 Tested, 49 Positives)

(2) : (C

MCL 145 Tested, 1 Positive) (CVRL 3364 Tested, 45 Positive)

(3) : (C



(4) : (C



(5) : (C

MCL 269 Tested, 12 Positives) (CVRL 11563 Tested, 11 Positives)

(6) : (C



(7) : (C



(8) : (C



(9) : (C



Footnote




itted from

the CVRL.


Ireland 2006 21

Table Salmonella in other food


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested


p.

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

S. Derby

S. M

bandaka

Eggs table eggs at processing plant Surveillance


142 0


Egg products at processing plant Surveillance (Unspecified)


1042 0

Crustaceans unspecified at processing plant Surveillance

DCMNR single 25g 5 0


prawns at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 21 0

lobsters at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0

Molluscan shellfish cooked at processing plant Surveillance



raw at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 29 0


OFML single 25g 5 0

Live bivalve molluscs mussels at processing plant Surveillance


oysters at processing plant Surveillance



Ireland 2006 22



Sprouted seeds readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0

Fruits and vegetables at processing plant Surveillance (Unspecified)


3490 0

products at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0


OFML single 25g 2 0

Juice fruit juice at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 21 0

mixed juice at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0


OFML single 25g 1 0

Infant formula at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 144 0

Foodstuffs intended for specialnutritional uses

readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 584 0

nonreadytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 36 0

Fish smoked at processing plant Surveillance






cooked at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 21 0


Fishery products, unspecified at processing plant Surveillance (unspecified)


cooked at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 26 0


Ireland 2006 23



Other processed food productsand prepared dishes

unspecified readytoeat foods at processing plant Surveillance


5445 1 1

nonreadytoeat foods at processing plant Surveillance


8564 0

at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2443 1 1

noodles at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 9 0

pasta at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 115 0

sandwiches at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 648 0

Water potable water at processing plant Surveillance


520 0

Mushrooms at processing plant Surveillance


137 0


Other food at processing plant Surveillance (Unspecified)


3047 1 1

at retail Surveillance(Unspecified) (1)

OFML single 25g 4 0

Fruits precut at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 4 0



OFML single 25g 52 0

Vegetables nonprecut at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0

precut at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 34 0



Ireland 2006 24



Bakery products bread at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 17 0

cakes at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 107 0

desserts at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 313 0

pastry at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 76 0

Nuts and nut products salted at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0



Soups readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 79 0

Spices and herbs dried at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0



Sauce and dressings at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 251 0

Cereals and meals at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 179 0

Confectionery products andpastes


Beverages, nonalcoholic soft drinks at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 18 0

Chocolate at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0

Fats and oils (excluding butter)

oils at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 7 0

Sweets at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0

Cocoa and cocoa preparations,coffee and tea


(1) : 3 Additives and 1 Alcohol Tested, 0 Positives


Ireland 2006 25

Footnote

The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs and DCMNR is usually 25g. No sample weight provided for the datasubmitted from the CVRL


Ireland 2006 26

2.1.4. Salmonella in animals

Table Salmonella in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus


Sampling unit

Units tested


p.

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

Gallus gallus (fowl) parent breeding flocks for eggproduction line

NCP flock 10 0 0 0 0

parent breeding flocks formeat production line

NCP flock 583 55 0 0 55

parent breeding flocks,unspecified

On farmsamplingflock 378 36 0 0 36

Footnote

NCP = National Control Porgramme


Ireland 2006 27

Table Salmonella in other poultry


Sampling unit

Units tested


p.

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

Gallus gallus (fowl) laying hens during production period NCP flock 340 1 0 1 0

Ducks NCP flock 20 4 0 0 4

Turkeys breeding flocks NCP flock 99 0 0 0 0

meat production flocks On farmsamplingflock 76 0 0 0 0

Footnote

NCP = National Control Programme


Ireland 2006 28

Table Salmonella in other birds


Sampling unit

Units tested


p.

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

S. Dublin

Pigeons Diagnostic animal 15 2 0 1 1

Guinea fowl Diagnostic animal 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quails Diagnostic animal 1 0 0 0 0 0

Pheasants Diagnostic animal 12 0 0 0 0 0

Partridges Diagnostic animal 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ostriches Diagnostic animal 0 0 0 0 0 0

Swans wild Clinical investigations suspect sampling

Diagnostic animal 30 1 0 0 1

Peafowl wild Clinical investigations Diagnostic animal 1 0 0 0 0 0

Night herons Clinical investigations Diagnostic animal 2 0 0 0 0 0

Birds wild game birds Clinical investigations suspect sampling

Diagnostic animal 18 0 0 0 0 0


Ireland 2006 29

Table Salmonella in other animals


Sampling unit

Units tested


p.

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

S. Braenderup

S. Derby

S. M

anhatta

n

S. Dublin

Cattle (bovine animals) calves (under 1 year) Diagnostic animal 6799 229 0 12 1 0 216

adult cattle over 2 years Diagnostic animal 681 45 0 14 3 1 27

Sheep Diagnostic animal 1044 5 0 0 0 0 0 5

Goats Diagnostic animal 51 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Pigs Diagnostic animal 310 15 0 5 6 1 3 0 0

Solipeds, domestic Diagnostic animal 111 5 0 5 0 0 0 0

Badgers wild Clinical investigations Diagnostic animal 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dogs pet animals Diagnostic animal 535 1 1

Deer wild fallow deer Diagnostic animal 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Ireland 2006 30

2.1.5. Salmonella in feedingstuffs

Table Salmonella in feed material of animal origin


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested


p.

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

Feed material of marineanimal origin

fish meal single 25g 2 0


Ireland 2006 31

Table Salmonella in other feed matter


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested


p.

S. Typhimurium

S. Enteritidis

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

S. Senftenberg

Feed material of cereal grainorigin

barley derived single 25g 11 0

wheat derived single 25g 13 0

maize single 25g 4 0

derived 25g 20 0

other cereal grain derived single 25g 3 0

Feed material of oil seed orfruit origin

groundnut derived 0

rape seed derived single 25g 14 0

palm kernel derived single 25g 12 0

soya (bean) derived single 25g 32 1 1

cotton seed derived single 25g 2 0

sunflower seed derived single 25g 9 0

Other feed material tubers, roots and similarproducts

single 25g 4 0

other seeds and fruits single 25g 3 0

forages and roughages single 25g 1 0


Ireland 2006 32

Table Salmonella in compound feedingstuffs


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested


p.

S. Typhimurium

S. Enteritidis

Salmonella sp

p., unspecified

S. Kentucky

Compound feedingstuffs forcattle

final product single 25g 79 0

Compound feedingstuffs forpigs


Compound feedingstuffs forpoultry (non specified)


Compound feedingstuffs forpoultry laying hens


Compund feedingstuffs forpoultry broilers

final product single 25g 10 1 1


Ireland 2006 33

2.1.6. Salmonella serovars and phagetype distribution

The methods of collecting, isolating and testing of the Salmonella isolates are described in the chapters aboverespectively for each animal species, foodstuffs and humans. The serotype and phagetype distributions can beused to investigate the sources of the Salmonella infections in humans. Findings of same serovars andphagetypes in human cases and in foodstuffs or animals may indicate that the food category or animal species inquestion serves as a source of human infections. However as information is not available from all potentialsources of infections, conclusions have to be drawn with caution.


Ireland 2006 34

Table Salmonella serovars in animals

Serovars

Other animals Clinical investigations

Cattle (bovine animals)

Pigs

Gallus gallus (fowl)

Other poultry

Sources of isolates (*)

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

Num

ber of isolates in the laboratory

N=

268

105

Num

ber of isolates serotyped

N=

013

0264

010

15

00

Num

ber of isolates per type

S. Alachua

01

00

00

00

S. Braenderup

00

00

01

00

S. Derby

00

00

03

00

S. Dublin

06

0243

00

01

S. Kedougou

00

00

01

00

S. Kentucky

00

00

00

02

S. M

anhattan

01

S. Typhimurium

06

020

05

12

Footnote

(*) M

: Monitoring, C : Clinical


Ireland 2006 35

Table Salmonella serovars in food

Serovars

Meat from other animal species or not specified

Meat from turkey

Other food


Meat from pig

Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus)

Other poultry

Other products of animal origin

Meat from duck

Meat from sheep


MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

Num


N=

2214

861

9884

38

2

Num

ber of isolates serotyped

N=

180

70

60

580

890

790

00

30

80

20

Num


S. Agona

117

S. Anatum

11

1

S. Bergen

1

S. Blockley

1

S. Brandenburg

11

4

S. Bredeney

12

14

22

S. Cerro

2

S. Derby

11

317

31

S. Dublin

23

S. Enteritidis

1


Ireland 2006 36

S. Hadar

31

3

S. Havana

1

S. Heidelberg

11

S. Indiana

1

S. Infantis

21

S. Kentucky

816

S. Kibi

2

S. Kottbus

11

2

S. London

23

S. M

anhattan

2

S. M

bandaka

12

16

S. Nottingham

1

S. Orion

12

S. Panam

a 1

S. Reading

5

S. Rissen

3

S. Saintpaul

1

S. Schwarzengrund

1

S. Senftenberg

1

S. Typhimurium

623

474

22

S. Paratyphi B var. Java

2

S. Paratyphi

23

Footnote

(*) M



Ireland 2006 37

Table Salmonella Enteritidis p

hagetypes in animals

Phagetype


Pigs


Other poultry

Other animals


MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

Num


N=

00

00

00

00

Num

ber of isolates phagetyped

N=

00

00

00

00

00

Footnote

(*) M



Ireland 2006 38

Table Salmonella Enteritidis p

hagetypes in food

Phagetype


Meat from pig


Other poultry



MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

Num


N=

1

Num


N=

00

00

00

00

00

Footnote

(*) M



Ireland 2006 39

Table Salmonella Typhimurium phagetypes in animals

Phagetype


Pigs


Other poultry

Other animals Clinical investigations


MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

Num


N=

205

5

Num


N=

015

08

01

00

04

Num


DT 104

61

03

DT 104b

21

00

DT 193

02

11

DT 85

60

00

U 288

14

DT 2

Footnote

(*) M



Ireland 2006 40

Table Salmonella Typhimurium phagetypes in food

Phagetype


Meat from pig


Other poultry


Meat from duck

Meat from other animal species or not specified


MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

Num


N=

2347

42

26

Num


N=

00

00

00

00

20

20

10

Num


DT 104

2

DT 104b

21

Footnote

(*) M



Ireland 2006 41

2.1.7. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates

Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of certain microorganisms to survive or grow in the presence of a givenconcentration of antimicrobial agent that usually would kill or inhibit the microorganism species in question.Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella strains may be transferred from animals or foodstuffs to humans.


Ireland 2006 42

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S.Typhimurium in animals

n = Number of resistant isolates

S. TyphimuriumCattle (bovineanimals)

Pigs Gallus gallus (fowl) Turkeys Other animals Clinicalinvestigations

Isolates out of a monitoringprogramme Number of isolatesavailable in the laboratory

17 4 1

Antimicrobials: N n N n N n N n N nTetracyclines

Tetracyclin 16 3 4 4 1 1Amphenicols

Florfenicol 14 10 1 0 1 1Cephalosporins

Cefalexin 2 1 0 0Fluoroquinolones

Enrofloxacin 17 0 4 0 1 1Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin 2 1 1 1Neomycin 15 2 3 3

Trimethoprim + sulfonamidesTrimethoprim +Sulfonamide

17 3 4 4 1 1


Ireland 2006 43

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella in animals


Salmonella spp.Cattle (bovineanimals)

Pigs Gallus gallus(fowl)

Turkeys Other animals Clinicalinvestigations

Other poultry Clinicalinvestigations

Isolates out of a monitoringprogramme Number of isolatesavailable in the laboratory

268 15 0 13 3

Antimicrobials: N n N n N n N n N n N nTetracyclines

Tetracyclin 220 20 15 12 0 0 13 3 2 1Amphenicols

Florfenicol 218 25 15 2 0 0 13 2 3 0Cephalosporins

Cefalexin 41 4 6 0 3 2 3 0Fluoroquinolones

Enrofloxacin 221 2 15 0 13 0 3 0Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin 41 10 7 7 3 3 3 0Neomycin 169 8 9 4 8 1 3 0


223 12 15 10 13 1 3 0

Resistant to 1 antimicrobial 26 3 1

Resistant to 2antimicrobials

23 2


7 3 2


1 2 1

Resistant to >4antimicrobials

2 4 1

Footnote

Under Sulfonamides, the data relates to Trimethoprim+Sulfonamide


Ireland 2006 44

2.2. CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS


2.2.2. Campylobacteriosis in humans

A. Thermophilic Campylobacter in humans

Case definition

Campylobacter infection (Campylobacter sp.) (EU)Clinical descriptionClinical picture compatible with campylobacter infection, i.e. an illness with diarrhoea and/ orvomiting of variable severity which may be accompanied by abdominal cramps and fever**Laboratory criteria for diagnosisIsolation of Campylobacter sp. from any clinical specimenCase classificationPossible: N/ AProbable: A clinically compatible case with an epidemiological link*Confirmed: A clinically compatible case (symptomatic or asymptomatic) that is laboratory confirmed** The description in the EU case definition document has been elaborated upon here




Ireland 2006 45

2.2.3. Campylobacter in foodstuffs

Table Campylobacter in poultry meat


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for thermophilic Cam

pylobacter sp

p.

C. coli

C. lari

C. jejuni

C. upsaliensis

thermophilic Cam

pylobacter sp

p., unspecified

Meat from broilers (Gallusgallus)

fresh at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 6 5 4 1

at processing plant Monitoring

DAF/FSAIsingle Varies 43 4 4

meat products raw but intended to be eatencooked


CMCL single 25g 14 8 8


cooked, readytoeat at processing plant Surveillance

CMCL single 25g 8 0


carcass at processing plant Monitoring


at processing plant Monitoring (Unspecified)

DAF/FSAIsingle Varies 2 0

Meat from turkey fresh at processing plant Monitoring

DAF/FSAIsingle Varies 1 0

meat products raw but intended to be eatencooked


Ireland 2006 46



CMCL single 25g 4 0


Meat from duck meat products cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 8 0




meat products raw but intended to beeaten cooked


CMCL single 25g 13 4 4


CMCL single 25g 8 0



Footnote

The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs and CMCL is usually 25g. The sample weight for poultry meatsamples taken under the DAF/ FSAI enhanced poultry monitoring surveillance programme varies.


Ireland 2006 47

Table Campylobacter in other food


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested


pylobacter sp

p.

C. jejuni

C. coli

C. upsaliensis

C. lari

thermophilic Cam

pylobacter sp

p., unspecified

Meat from pig meat products cooked, readytoeat at processing plant Surveillance

CMCL single 25g 1 0


raw but intended to beeaten cooked


Meat from bovine animals minced meat intended to be eatencooked




cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 89 0

Meat from sheep fresh at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0

meat products cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 12 0

Meat from other animalspecies or not specified



Ireland 2006 48



minced meat intended to be eatencooked


Meat, mixed meat meat products cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 23 0


soft and semisoft at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0



butter at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0

dairy desserts at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0

icecream at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0

Fish cooked at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0



Crustaceans prawns at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0

Fishery products, unspecified cooked at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0


Molluscan shellfish raw at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0

Vegetables products at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0


Ireland 2006 49


OFML single 25g 6 0


Bakery products cakes at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 4 0

desserts at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0

pastry at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0


noodles at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0

pasta at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 7 0






nonreadytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0




Beverages, nonalcoholic soft drinks at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0

Infant formula at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)

OFML single 25g 1 0

Footnote

The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs and CMCL is usually 25g.


Ireland 2006 50

2.2.4. Campylobacter in animals

Table Campylobacter in animals


Sampling unit

Units tested


pylobacter sp

p.

C. jejuni

C. coli

C. lari

C. upsaliensis

thermophilic Cam

pylobacter sp

p., unspecified

C. fetus

Cattle (bovine animals) dairy cows animal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

calves (under 1 year) animal 3756 236 236 0 0 0 0

unspecified Clinical investigations animal 2048 2 1 1

Sheep animal 611 6 6

Goats animal 36 0

Pigs animal 216 2 2

Solipeds, domestic animal 18 0

Gallus gallus (fowl) broilers at farm animal 192 0

Turkeys animal 37 0

Ducks animal 8 0

Geese animal 10 0

Dogs animal 447 1 1

Cats animal 28 0

Swans wild Clinical investigations animal 20 0

Birds wild game birds Clinical investigations animal 25 0


Ireland 2006 51

Footnote

Cattle: Unspecified category is "Foetus"


Ireland 2006 52

2.2.5. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates


Ireland 2006 53

2.3. LISTERIOSIS


2.3.2. Listeriosis in humans

A. Listeriosis in humans

Case definition

Listeriosis (Listeria monocytogenes) (EU)Clinical descriptionInfection caused by L. monocytogenes, which may produce any of several clinical syndromes,including stillbirth, listeriosis of the newborn, meningitis, bacteraemia or localised infections.Laboratory criteria for diagnosisIsolation of L. monocytogenes from a normally sterile site (e.g. blood or cerebrospinal fluid or, lesscommonly, joint, pleural or pericardial fluid)Case classificationPossible: N/ AProbable: N/ AConfirmed: A clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed




Ireland 2006 54

2.3.3. Listeria in foodstuffs

Table Listeria monocytogenes in milk and dairy products


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for L.monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes presence in x g

> detection lim

it but =

< 100 cfu/ g

L. m

onocytogenes > 100 cfu/ g


unspecified

at retail Surveillance (3) OFML single 25g 2 0

at retail Surveillance(Enumeration only)

OFML single 25g 2 0 0


butter (1) OFML 25g 2 0 0



at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 at1g)

DSL batch 1g 1 0


DSL batch 25g 51 0


at retail Surveillance((Emumeration only))


cream at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)

DSL batch 25g 25 0


at retail Surveillance((Emumeration only))


dairy desserts


DSL single 25g 7 0

at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 )

DSL batch 25g 10 0

at retail Surveillance (8) OFML single 25g 5 2 2 2


Ireland 2006 55

at retail Surveillance((Detection andEnumeration, where done))(12)


at retail Surveillance((Enumeration only))


icecream

at processing plant Surveillance (Single at 1g)

DSL single 1g 2 0




DSL batch 1g 1 0


DSL batch 1g 7 0


DSL batch 25g 52 0

at retail Surveillance (9) OFML single 25g 90 6 6 1 1

at retail Surveillance(Detection andEnumeration, where done.)(13)



milk powder and wheypowder


DSL single 1g 7 0


DSL single 25g 10 0


DSL batch 1g 43 0


DSL batch 25g 50 0

dairy products, not specified


DSL single 1g 5 0


DSL batch 1g 5 0


DSL batch 25g 42 0


at retail Surveillance(Emumeration only)



Ireland 2006 56


pasteurised


DSL single 25g 11 0

at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 )

DSL batch 25g 21 0

UHT milk


DSL single 25g 10 0


DSL batch 25g 3 0

raw


at retail Surveillance(Emuneration only)



soft and semisoft


DSL single 25g 33 0


DSL batch 25g 40 0




hard


DSL single 25g 31 0


DSL batch 1g 25 0


DSL batch 25g 9 0

unspecified




DSL batch 25g 179 0


at retail Surveillance((Detection and Enumeration))(11)

OFML single 25g 6 3 3 0 0



(1) : Error!(2) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(3) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(4) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results


Ireland 2006 57

(5) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(6) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(7) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(8) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(9) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(10) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(11) : already entered: error(12) : Already entered: error(13) : Already entered:Error

Footnote

The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs is usually 25g. The sample weight for samples analysed at DSL iseither 1g or 25g.


Ireland 2006 58

Table Listeria monocytogenes in other foods


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for L.monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes presence in x g

> detection lim

it but =

< 100 cfu/ g

L. m

onocytogenes > 100 cfu/ g


meat products


CMCL single 25g 65 0

at retail Surveillance(1)

OFML single 25g 104 38 38 0 1




at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 2 2 0

minced meat

intended to be eatencooked


CMCL single 25g 1 0

Meat from pig

meat products




OFML single 25g 97 33 33 1 2

at retail Surveillance(enumeration method) (9)

OFML single 25g 500 2 499 1


OFML single 25g 3 0







minced meat



Ireland 2006 59


CMCL single 25g 1 0


meat products







minced meat



CMCL single 25g 2 0

Fish

smoked at processing plant Surveillance



at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)


unspecified






cooked




raw




Crustaceans

unspecified



Molluscan shellfish

cooked at processing plant Surveillance








Ireland 2006 60


nonreadytoeat




Meat from turkey

meat products

cooked, readytoeat








meat products

cooked, readytoeat



Meat from sheep

meat products

cooked, readytoeat


CMCL single 25g 1 0





meat products

at processing plant Surveillance (not specified)


cooked, readytoeat





minced meat



Meat, mixed meat

meat products

cooked, readytoeat


CMCL single 25g 4 0




Fishery products, unspecified

readytoeat


Ireland 2006 61






at processing plant Surveillance (unspecified)


cooked




Meat from duck

meat products

cooked, readytoeat


at retail Surveillance(Emumeration only)


Bakery products

bread




cakes




desserts




pastry




Fruits

products




precut



Vegetables

precut




products


Ireland 2006 62






nonprecut


OFML single 25g 1 0

Soups

readytoeat





unspecified




noodles




pasta




sandwiches




Sauce and dressings




Cereals and meals




Mushrooms

at retail Surveillance (8) OFML single 25g 172 9 9 1








Ireland 2006 63

(1) : Result 1: 11 Detected in 25g no quantitative test. Result 2: (</ =100) 25 Detected in 25g and below the detection limit of <20cfu/ g. Result 3: (>100)1 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.(2) : Result 1: Detected in 25g no quantitative test. Result 2: (</ =100) 3 Detected in 25g and below the detection limit of <20cfu/ g(3) : Result 1: 8 Detected in 25g no quantitative test. Result 2: (</ =100) 19 Detected in 25g and below the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 3: (</ =100) 1 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 4: (>100) 2 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.(4) : Result 1: (</ =100) 6 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 2: (</ =100) 1 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.(5) : Result 1: (</ =100) 1 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 2: (</ =100) 3 Detected in 25g and below the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 3: 1 Detected in 25g and no quantitative test.(6) : Result 1: 12 Detected in 25g no quantitative test.Result 2: (</ =100) 42 Detected in 25g and below the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 3: (</ =100) 2 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 4: (>100) 1 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit <20cfu/ g.(7) : Result 1: Detected in 25g no quantitative test.Result 2: (</ =100) 15 Detected in 25g and bel;ow the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 3: (</ =100) 5 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.(8) : Result 1: 4 Detected in 25g no quantitative test.Result 2: (</ =100) 3 Detected in 25g and below the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 3: (</ =100) 1 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <10cfu/ g.(9) : A positive for quantitative tests was considered to have occured where the result was above the limit of detection of <20cfu/ g. 2 quantitativepositives here with no corresponding qualitative test.Result 1: (</ =100) 498 below the limit of detection of <20cfu/ g. Result 2: (</ =100) 1 above the limit of detection of <20cfu/ g.Result 3: (>100) 1 above the limit of detection of <20cfu/ g.

Footnote

The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs, CMCL and DCMNR is usually 25g.


Ireland 2006 64

2.3.4. Listeria in animals

Table Listeria in animals


Sampling unit

Units tested

Total units positive for Listeria spp.

L. m

onocytogenes

Listeria spp., unspecified

L. ivanovii

Cattle (bovine animals) animal

dairy cows animal 498 0 0 0

calves (under 1 year) for slaughter Clinical investigations animal 6135 7 4 0

unspecified Clinical investigations (1) animal 2148 36 29 7

Sheep animal 1094 1 1

Goats animal

Pigs animal 312 0

Gallus gallus (fowl) animal 397 0

(1) : In this case the animal species is cattle "foetus"


Ireland 2006 65

2.4. E. COLI INFECTIONS


2.4.2. E. Coli Infections in humans

A. Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in humans

Case definition

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli of serogroup known to be toxin producing) (EU)Clinical descriptionClinical picture compatible with enterohaemorrhagic E. coli infection, e.g. diarrhoea (often bloody)and abdominal cramps. Illness may be complicated by haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) orthrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Cases may also be asymptomatic**.Laboratory criteria for diagnosisOne of the following:• Isolation of E. coli belonging to a serogroup known to cause enterohaemorrhagic disease• Serological confirmation in patients with HUS or TTP• For probable cases: detection of genes coding for Stx1/ Stx2 productionCase classificationPossible: N/ AProbable: A laboratory confirmed isolate without clinical information or a case with clinicalsymptoms that has an epidemiological link*Confirmed: A clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed** The description in the EU case definition document has been elaborated upon here.




Ireland 2006 66

2.4.3. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in foodstuffs

Table VT E. coli in food


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for Escherichia coli, pathogenic

E.coli, pathogenic, unspecified

Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC)

Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) VTEC O157

Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) VTEC, unspecified


fresh at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0




Meat from pig fresh at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0






Meat from bovine animals fresh at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0



Ireland 2006 67





Meat from sheep fresh at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0


Vegetables at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)

OFML single 25g 3 0

Fruits products at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0

at retail Surveillance(unspecified)

OFML single 25g 1 0

Meat, mixed meat meat products cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0


fresh at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 4 0








Cheeses made from cows' milk unspecified at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0


hard


Ireland 2006 68





dairy products, not specified at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0

Fishery products, unspecified cooked at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0





Bakery products cakes at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0






Footnote

The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs is usually 25g.The analytical method used to test samples for VTEC was ISO 16654:2001. This method was able to detect VTECserotype O157 only.


Ireland 2006 69

2.4.4. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in animals


Ireland 2006 70

2.5. TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES


2.5.2. Tuberculosis, Mycobacterial Diseases in humans

A. Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in humans

Case definition

Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) (EU)Clinical criteria• A clinician’s judgement that clinical and/ or radiological signs and/ or symptoms are compatiblewith tuberculosisand• A clinician’s decision to treat the patient with a full course of antituberculosis therapy.Laboratory criteria for diagnosisOne of the following:• Isolation of M. tuberculosis complex (except M. bovis BCG) from any clinical specimen by culture,• Evidence of acidfast bacilli (AFB) at microscopic examination of spontaneous or induced sputumCase classificationClassification according to laboratory criteria:Other than definite: A case that meets the clinical criteria above but does not meet the laboratorycriteria of a definite case.Definite: A case with isolation of M. tuberculosis complex (except M. bovis BCG) from any clinicalspecimen. In countries where culture is not routinely available, a case with sputum smearexaminations positive for AFB is also considered to be a definite case.Classification according to the site of disease:Pulmonary tuberculosisTuberculosis of the lung parenchyma or the tracheobronchial treeExtrapulmonary tuberculosisTuberculosis affecting any site other than pulmonary as defined aboveClassification according to previous antituberculosis treatment:Never treatedA case who never received a treatment for active tuberculosis in the past or who receivedantituberculosis drugs for less than one month.Previously treatedA case who was diagnosed with active tuberculosis in the past and received antituberculosis drugs(excluding preventive therapy) for at least one month.Case Definitions Version 1.0 Date: 01.01.2004 73


Tuberculosis notifiable in Ireland since 1948


Ireland 2006 71

2.5.3. Mycobacterium in animals

Table Tuberculosis in other animals


Sampling unit

Units tested

Total units positive for Mycobacterium

spp.

M. bovis

M. tuberculosis

Mycobacterium

spp., unspecified

Sheep Laboratory animal 4 0 0

Goats Diagnostic animal 4 1 1 0 0

Pigs Diagnostic animal 1 0 0 0 0

Badgers Diagnostic animal 49 28 26 2

Deer at game handlingestablishment Monitoring

Laboratory animal 46 15 15

wild fallow deer Monitoring samplingby industry convenientsampling

Diagnostic batch 25 4 4 0

Cats pet animals Clinical investigations suspect sampling

Daignostic animal 2 1 1 0 0

Dogs pet animals Clinical investigations suspect sampling

Diagnostic animal 1 0 0 0 0


Ireland 2006 72

Table Bovine tuberculosis in countries and regions that do not receive Com

munity cofin

ancing for

eradication programmes

Region

Total num

ber of

existin

g bovine

Officially free

herds

Infected herds

Routin

e tuberculin

testing

Num

ber of tuberculin

tests carried out

before the

introduction

Num

ber of animals

with

suspicious

lesions of tuberculosis

Num

ber of animals

detected positive in

bacteriological

exam

ination

Herds

Animals

Num

ber of

herds

%

Num

ber of

herds

%

Interval

between

routine

tuberculin

tests (*)

Num

ber of

animals

tested

into the herds (Annex

A(I)(2

)(c) third

indent (1) of

Directive 64/ 432/

EEC)

exam

ined and

subm

itted to

histopathological and

bacteriological

exam

inations

IREL

AND

122392

6260133

118288

96.647

3720

3.039

6260131

4680

3173

Total

122392

6260133

118288

96.647

3720

3.039

6260131

0 4680

3173

Footnote

Footnote 2: (b) tests o

nce a year

(*) L

egend:

In colum

n "Interval between routine tuberculin tests" use the following numeric codes: (0) no routine tests; (1) tests once a year; (2) tests each two years; (3) tests

each three years concerning 24 monthold animals; (4) tests each 4 years; (5) others (please give details).


Ireland 2006 73

2.6. BRUCELLOSIS


2.6.2. Brucellosis in humans

A. Brucellosis in humans

Case definition

Brucellosis (Brucella sp.) (EU)Clinical descriptionClinical picture compatible with brucellosis i.e. acute or insidious onset of fever, night sweats, unduefatigue, anorexia, weight loss, headache, or arthralgia.Laboratory criteria for diagnosisOne of the following:• Demonstration of a specific antibody response (four fold or greater rise)*• Demonstration by immunofluorescence of Brucella sp. in a clinical specimen• Isolation of Brucella sp. from a clinical specimenFor probable caseA single high titreCase classificationPossible: N/ AProbable: A clinically compatible case with an epidemiological link,* or a case with an isolated hightitreConfirmed: A clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed




Ireland 2006 74

2.6.3. Brucella in foodstuffs

2.6.4. Brucella in animals

Table Brucellosis in other animals


Sampling unit

Units tested

Total units positive for Brucella sp

p.

B. m

elitensis

B. abortus

B. suis

Brucella sp

p., unspecified

Pigs Industry animal 4 0 0 0 0

Cattle (bovine animals) dairy cows and heifers Clinical investigations suspect sampling


Sheep animals over 1 year Clinical investigations suspect sampling


Solipeds, domestic horses Clinical investigations suspect sampling


Badgers wild Clinical investigations suspect sampling


Foxes wild Clinical investigations Diagnostic animal 1 0 0 0 0 0


Ireland 2006 75

Table Bovine brucellosis data on herds Com

munity cofin

anced eradication programmes

Region

Total num

berTotal num

ber

of

Num

ber of

herds

Num

ber of

positive

Num

ber of

new

Num

ber of

herds

% positive

herds

Indicators

of herds

herds u

nder

the

programme

checked

herds

positive herds

depopulated

depopulated

% herd

coverage

% positive

herds period

herd prevalence

% new

positive

herds herd

incidence

IREL

AND

122392

122392

118925

132

132

3 2.273

97.167

0.111

0.111

Total

122392

122392

118925

132

132

3 2.273

97.167

0.111

0.111

Total 1

123322

123322

119963

144

144

27

18.75

97.276

0.12

0.12


Ireland 2006 76

Table Bovine brucellosis data on animals Com

munity cofin

anced eradication programmes

Region

Total num

ber

of animals

Num

ber of

animals to be

Num

ber of

animals

Num

ber of

animals

Num

ber of

positive

Slaughtering

Indicators

tested under

the programme

tested

tested

individually

animals

Num

ber of

animals w

ithpositive result

slaughtered or

culled

Total num

ber of

animals

slaughtered

% coverage at

animal level

% positive

animals animal

prevalence

IREL

AND

6260133

3500000

3500000

3500000

212

212

388

100

0.006

Total

6260133

3500000

3500000

3500000

212

212

388

100

0.006

Total 1

6407456

3516590

3516590

3516590

228

228

2347

100

0.006

Footnote

Note: M

ost of these 212 are false positive/ cross reactions


Ireland 2006 77

Table Bovine brucellosis data on status of herds at the end of the period C

ommunity cofin

anced

eradication programmes

Region

Status of herds and animals u

nder the programme

Total num

ber of

herds and

Unknown

Not free or not officially free

Free or officially

free su

spended

Free

Officially free

animals u

nder the

programme

Last check positive Last check negative

Herds

Animals

Herds

Animals

Herds

Animals

Herds

Animals

Herds

Animals

Herds

Animals

Herds

Animals

IREL

AND

122392

3500000

0 0

18

1900

7 750

0 0

0 0

122498

6257483

Total

122392

3500000

0 0

18

1900

7 750

0 0

0 0

122498

6257483

Total 1

123322

6407456

0 0

43

3302

6 520

0 0

0 0

123327

6403834


Ireland 2006 78

Ovine or Caprine Brucellosis in countries and regions that do not receive Com

munity cofin

ancing for

eradication programme

Region

Total num

ber of

existin

g ovine /

caprine

Officially free herds

Infected herds

Surveillance

Investigations of suspect cases

Herds

Animals

Num

ber of herds

%

Num

ber of herds

%

Num

ber of herds

tested

Num

ber of animals

tested

Num

ber of infected

herds

Num

ber of animals

tested with

serological

blood tests

Num

ber of animals

positive serologically

Num

ber of animals

exam

ined microbio

logically

Num

ber of animals

positive microbio

logically

Num

ber of su

spended

herds

IREL

AND

43000

4500000

43000

100

0 0

1400

25446

0 0

0 0

0 0

Total

43000

4500000

43000

100

0 0

1400

25446

0 0

0 0

0 0

Footnote

Ireland is recognised as O

fficially Free of B melitensis and carries o

ut an annual su

rvey to confirm this freedom


Ireland 2006 79

2.7. YERSINIOSIS


2.7.2. Yersiniosis in humans

A. Yersinosis in humans

Case definition

Yersiniosis (Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis) (EU) Clinical description An illness of variable severity characterised by diarrhoea, fever, nausea, cramps and tenesmus. Laboratory criteria for diagnosis Isolation of Y. enterocolitica or pseudotuberculosis from a clinical specimen Case classification Possible: N/ A Probable: A clinically compatible case with an epidemiological link Confirmed: A case that is laboratory confirmed




Ireland 2006 80

2.7.3. Yersinia in foodstuffs

2.7.4. Yersinia in animals

Table Yersinia in animals


Sampling unit

Units tested

Total units positive for Yersinia spp.

Y. enterocolitica

Yersinia spp., unspecified

Y. enterocolitica O:9

Y. enterocolitica O:3

Y. enterocolitica unspecified

Cattle (bovine animals) Diagnostic animal 7069 4 4 0 0 0 4

Sheep animal 1044 0 0 0 0 0 0

Goats animal 51 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pigs animal 310 0 0 0 0 0 0

Solipeds, domestic animal 1111 0 0 0 0 0 0

Poultry, unspecified animal 397 0 0 0 0 0

Dogs animal 535 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cats animal 30 0 0 0 0 0 0

Swans wild Clinical investigations animal 43 1 1 0 0 0 1

Deer wild fallow deer Clinical investigations animal 12 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rabbits wild Clinical investigations animal 30 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mice wild Clinical investigations animal 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fish wild animal 3 0 0 0 0 0 0


Ireland 2006 81

2.8. TRICHINELLOSIS


2.8.2. Trichinellosis in humans

2.8.3. Trichinella in animals

Table Trichinella in animals


Sampling unit

Units tested

Total units positive for Trichinella sp

p.

T. spiralis

Trichinella sp

p., unspecified

Pigs fattening pigs raised under controlledhousing conditions inintegrated productionsystem

official samples single 3743 0

Solipeds, domestic horses official samples single 63 0


Ireland 2006 82

2.9. ECHINOCOCCOSIS


2.9.2. Echinococcosis in humans

A. Echinococcus spp. in humans

Case definition

Echinococcosis (Echinococcus sp.) (EU)Clinical descriptionClinical picture compatible with echinococcosis, which may produce any of several clinicalsyndromes, varying with cyst size and location.Laboratory criteria for diagnosisOne of the following:• Histopathology• A combination of imaging techniques and serological tests (e.g. indirect haemagglutination,immunodiffusion, immunoblot assay)Case classificationPossible: N/ AProbable: N/ AConfirmed: A clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed




Ireland 2006 83

2.9.3. Echinococcus in animals


Ireland 2006 84

2.10. TOXOPLASMOSIS


2.10.2. Toxoplasmosis in humans

A. Toxoplasmosis in humans

Case definition

Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) (EU) Clinical description A protozoan disease which presents with an acute illness with one or more of the following:lymphadenopathy, encephalitis, chorioretinitis, dysfunction of the central nervous system. Congenitalinfections may also occur with hydrocephalus, microcephalus, intracerebral calcification, convulsions,cerebral retardation. Laboratory criteria for diagnosis One of the following: • Demonstration of a specific toxoplasma antibody response • Demonstration of the agent in body tissues or fluids or isolation in animals or cell culture • Detection of toxoplasma nucleic acid Case classification Possible: N/ A Probable: N/ A Confirmed: A clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed Toxoplasmosis (congenital) Clinical description Congenital infection with T. gondii can result in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations fromasymptomatic or subclinical infection, aseptic meningitis in infancy, to severe multisysteminvolvement with hydrocephalus or microcephaly, chorioretinitis, thrombocytopenic purpura andhepatosplenomegaly. Children with congenital infection, even those with subclinical disease, are also at risk of later reactivation ofchorioretinitis particularly toward the end of the first and into the second decade of life. Laboratory criteria for diagnosis One of the following: • Histologic diagnosis of tachyzoites in infant tissues or body fluids • Isolation of the parasite from an infant, usually from tissue obtained postmortem or on biopsy. (Thisrequires animal or tissue culture inoculation and is not readily available). • Detection of T. gondii by PCR testing of infant blood, CSF or tissue Serologic testing. The serologic diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis is confounded both by the passive transfer ofmaternal IgG antibody and the fact that tests for toxoplasma specific IgM antibody can be negative inup to 50% of congenitally infected infants. • Detection of toxoplasma specific IgM antibodies in cord blood or in the infant’s blood is evidence ofspecific antibody synthesis by the infected infant in utero. • Detection of toxoplasma specific IgA antibodies is also highly suggestive of infant infection. Infant levels of toxoplasma specific IgG will normally equal or exceed those of the mother (due to


Ireland 2006 85

active transfer of IgG by the placenta). However IgG levels that are fourfold those of the mother arehighly suggestive of infant infection and demonstration of rising IgG levels in sequential infant sera isconclusive evidence of congenital infection. Case classification Possible: Clinical symptoms compatible with congenital toxoplasmosis Probable: Clinical symptoms suggestive of congenital toxoplasmosis with evidence of recent maternal infection (Maternal toxoplasma IgM positive Confirmed: One of the following: • Detection of T. gondii by PCR testing in the infant • Presence of toxoplasma specific IgM • Rising toxoplasma specific IgG in sequential infant sera




Ireland 2006 86

2.10.3. Toxoplasma in animals

Table Toxoplasma in animals


Sampling unit

Units tested

Total units positive for Toxoplasm

a gondii

Cattle (bovine animals) Diagnostic animal 37 0

Sheep animal 371 66

Goats animal 11 0

Pigs animal 0 0

Solipeds, domestic animal 5 0

Dogs animal 5 0

Cats animal 1 0


Ireland 2006 87

2.11. RABIES


2.11.2. Rabies in humans

A. Rabies in humans

Case definition

Rabies (Rabies virus) (EU)Clinical descriptionRabies is an acute encephalomyelitis that almost always progresses to coma or death within 10 daysafter the first symptom.Laboratory criteria for diagnosisOne of the following:• Detection by direct fluorescent antibody of viral antigens in a clinical specimen (preferably the brainor the nerves surrounding hair follicles in the nape of the neck)• Isolation (in cell culture or in a laboratory animal) of rabies virus from saliva, cerebrospinal fluid(CSF), or central nervous system tissue• Identification of a rabiesneutralising antibody titre (complete neutralisation) in the serum or CSF ofan unvaccinated person• Detection of rabies nucleic acid in clinical specimenCase classificationPossible: A clinically compatible case without laboratory confirmationProbable: N/ AConfirmed: A clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed




Ireland 2006 88

2.11.3. Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals


Ireland 2006 89

2.12. QFEVER


2.12.2. Coxiella (Qfever) in animals


Ireland 2006 90

3. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIALRESISTANCE


Ireland 2006 91

3.1. ESCHERICHIA COLI, NONPATHOGENIC



Ireland 2006 92

3.1.2. Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, nonpathogenic isolates


Ireland 2006 93

Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. coli in animals


E. coliCattle (bovineanimals)

Pigs Gallus gallus (fowl) Turkeys Other animals Clinicalinvestigations

Isolates out of a monitoringprogramme

no no no no no

Number of isolatesavailable in the laboratory

3322 63 33 4 351

Antimicrobials: N n N n N n N n N nTetracyclines

Tetracyclin 3302 2621 63 58 33 27 4 3 350 199Amphenicols

Chloramphenicol 430 363 2 0 5 3Florfenicol 2798 1209 61 12 32 3 4 0 344 47

CephalosporinsCefalexin 536 208 13 7 16 7 3 1 92 34

FluoroquinolonesEnrofloxacin 2873 982 60 16 33 2 4 0 345 39

AminoglycosidesStreptomycin 107 81 11 10 16 8 3 2 87 50Neomycin 3106 2108 48 31 15 6 1 0 257 112Apramycin 2769 682 50 21 17 1 1 0 258 23Framycetin 3117 444 52 4 16 2 1 0 256 15

PenicillinsAmoxicillin / Clavulanicacid

3310 1111 63 17 29 8 4 1 350 72

Penicillin 540 512 13 13 16 15 3 3 92 85Cloxacillin 432 401 6 6


2876 2014 61 52 33 17 4 3 345 137


Ireland 2006 94

4. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS


Ireland 2006 95

4.1. HISTAMINE


4.1.2. Histamine in foodstuffs


Ireland 2006 96

4.2. ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII


4.2.2. Enterobacter sakazakii in foodstuffs

Table Enterobacter sakazakii in food


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for Enterobacter sakazakii

Infant formula




nonreadytoeat


readytoeat


Milk, goats'


OFML single 25g 1 0

Bakery products

desserts



milk powder and wheypowder


DSL batch 10g 6 0

Footnote

The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs is usually 25g. The sample weight for samples analysed at DSL is10g.


Ireland 2006 97

4.3. STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS


4.3.2. Staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs

Table Staphylococcal enterotoxins in food


Sampling unit

Sample weight

Units tested

Total units positive for Staphylococcal enterotoxins


unspecified


DSL single 25g 8 4


DSL batch 25g 17 0

Footnote

The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs and DSL is usually 25g.


Ireland 2006 98

5. FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS

Foodborne outbreaks are incidences of two or more human cases of the same disease or infection where thecases are linked or are probably linked to the same food source. Situation, in which the observed human casesexceed the expected number of cases and where a same food source is suspected, is also indicative of afoodborne outbreak.


Ireland 2006 99

Table Foodborne outbreaks in hum

ans

Causative agent

General

outbreak

Household

outbreak

Total Num

ber of

persons

Food im

plicated

Type of

evidence for

implication

of the food

Place where

food was

consum

ed

Contributing

factors

ill (in total)

died

in hospital

Food (sub)category

Suspected as a source

Confirmed as a source

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 10

Cam

pylobacter

x2

01

not specified

Private

household

Cam

pylobacter

x3

02

not specified

Private

household

Cam

pylobacter C. jejuni

x2

00

not specified

Private

household

Cam

pylobacter Cam

pylobacter sp

p., unspecified

x2

00

not specified

Private

household

Cryptosporidium

x28

00

not specified

Tour group

Escherichia coli, pathogenic V

erotoxigenic E. coli

(VTE

C)

x1

00

not specified

Private

household



(VTE

C)

x1

01

not specified

Private

household



(VTE

C)

x2

02

not specified

Private

household



(VTE

C)

x4

01

not specified

Private

household

Food borne viruses calicivirus (including norovirus)

x9

00

not specified

Group on

training course


x18

00

not specified

Residential

institution


x60

00

Unknown

Hotel

Salmonella

x2

00

not specified

Private

household

Salmonella

x2

00

not specified

Private

household

Salmonella

x2

01

not specified

Abroad

Salmonella

x5

00

not specified

Abroad

Salmonella

x2

00

not specified

Abroad

Salmonella S. Enteritidis

x4

00

not specified

Abroad

Salmonella S. Enteritidis

x3

01

Chicken curry

xCircum

stantial

Abroad

Salmonella S. Typhimurium

x2

00

not specified

Abroad


Ireland 2006 100

Salmonella S. group D

x3

01

not specified

Abroad

Unknown

x4

00

not specified

Hotel

Unknown

x4

00

not specified

Hotel

Unknown

x5

00

not specified

Private

household

Unknown

x6

00

not specified

Hotel

Unknown

x12

00

not specified

Creche

Unknown

x20

00

not specified

Restaurant


Ireland 2006 101

Documents

IRELAND - European Food Safety Authority · RABIES 88 2.11.1. General evaluation of the national situation 88 2.11.2. Rabies in humans 88 2.11.3. Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals 89