Ireland

Ireland

Ireland

Iceland and Ireland on the same scale

103,000 km² 84,412 km²

N.I. 1.8 mR.I. 4.5 m73 /km

317.0003 /km

Ireland• North and South.

– Northern Ireland, still a part of the UK– The Republic of Ireland, Eire, independent

since 1921

Provinces and Counties

http://www.spirited-ireland.net/map/_counties/

http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/geography/settlement.html

Ireland• North and South.

– “Northern Ireland” or Ulster, still a part of the UK

– Ireland or Eire, independent since 1921

• Two different origins of English in the North and the South,both dating from the 17th century.– South: Anglo-Irish (mostly from Western

England) – North: displaced Scots

Ireland

• For the early period, 17th-18th cent the English of the North and South were cut off by a band of Irish across the middle of the country.

• Both fully rhotic: – alveolar or retroflex approx (not the Scottish

roll )– General lack of dark l (unlike Scottish)

Northern Ireland

• Consonants:– þ and ð occur (not as in South) – So no t-þ and d-ð merging– Fully rhotic, not rolled– Lack of dark l

Northern Ireland

• Vowels – Vowel system closer to Scottish English.– GOOSE and FOOT merged– TRAP and PALM merged (no TRAP-BATH

split)– LOT and THOUGHT merged

Northern Ireland

• Vowels – Loss of phonemic vowel-length distinction:

Aitken's Law rather than Lax/Tense and clipping– Recap Aitken's Law :

except - always short

Northern Ireland

• Vowels – Aitken's Law in N.Ireland is slightly different:

except - always short

Northern Ireland

• Vowels

Northern Ireland

• Vowels

Northern Ireland

• Vowels

Northern Ireland

• Vowels

Southern Ireland – the Irish Republic

• Norse spoken in and around medieval Dublin

• English spoken in Ireland (The Pale) since around 1200 – settlers from Bristol

• Present-day English is from the ‘planters’ of the 17th century – predominantly from SW England

• Very conservative: very few traces of later British innovations

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Ireland_1450.png


• The 'brogue' • (barróg 'accent, speech impediment, or bróg =shoe

(from Norse brók)• Very conservative: very few traces of later British

innovations– No FLEECE Merging– No BATH Broadening– No H Dropping– No Glide Cluster Reduction– No Move towards R Dropping (unlike England)


• Irish substratum: – vowel system basically Irish (Wells 410)– some substratum effects in the consonants

too, but English consonants such as and z, which do not occur in Irish, have been added

– Syntactic substratum:

Sure I’m after tellin you

It’s thinking I am you’ll be hungry


Vowels• Unrounding of • LOOK-STRUT Split, uncertain in places, but not

with the same lexical incidents

is a back unrounded centralised

TRAP is [a]

any, many with TRAP, = Annie, manny.

No Long Mid Diphthonging:

FACE, GOAT fe:s go:t

KIT-Schwa MErger (Lenin-Lennon)


Consonants• Þ and ð become dental stops t and d(this is heard by other British speakers as t and d, but

outside Dublin there is a distinction between thin and tin, breathe and breed.

• Lenition of medial (=between vowels) and final consonants, esp /t/, to [t ] or even[h]nah01tAl 1sah0rde

(graphic follows)



• Rhotic: r is dark, even retroflex• l is light in all environments• No H Dropping• Scwa epenthesis: Dublin, petrol, Cathleen, film, form,

tavern.• Broad and narrow consonants


Documents

Ireland