I.Q.

“IQ is like money. Publicly you proclaim that those who have a lot are no better than

those who have a little.Privately you wish you had a lot.”

(Bereiter, 1976)

Who’s Intelligent• Marilyn Vos Savant• Andy Warhol• Shakira• Bill Gates• George H.W. Bush

• 98• 160• 140• 86• 228

Who’s Intelligent

• Marilyn Vos Savant• Andy Warhol• Shakira• Bill Gates• George H.W. Bush

• 228• 86• 140• 160• 98

Retrieved from http://knol.google.com/k/iq-scores-of-famous-people-past-and-present#

Who’s Intelligent

President IQs

George W Bush 123

John F. Kennedy 174

Franklin D. Roosevelt 142

Ronald Reagan 105

Bill Clinton 110

“IQ on What Test?”

• Salvia, Ysseldyke, and Bolt (2010) remind us that IQ is only a representation of a specific test given. We can not speak of IQ in general terms because behavior samples are different dependent on the test taken.

History Of I.Q. TestsJean Esquirol

Edward SeguinAlfred Binet

Intelligence Testing During WWIWechsler Intelligence Scales

Theories:Charles SpearmanLouis ThurstoneHoward GardnerRobert Sternberg

The Present

• Progressed beyond the Binet-Wechsler mentality in IQ testing

• WISC-III Wechsler Scale for Children-Third Edition

• WAIS-III Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition

• Influential in advancing theory

Heated Debate • “Psychologists have been generous to a fault with their

definitions of intelligence; concept of intelligence needed to be more widely known and better defended.” Jack Flugal an educational psychologist

• “Examination of the data concerning the reliability of these tests brings to light the fact that measures of intelligence are the least reliable.” George Fergusson author on the subject of uniformed testing

• “I do not know what determines differences in human intelligence. I am sure one thing, that the interaction will prove to be even more complicated than is the determination of sugar-yield in beets.” J.B.S Haldane writer for the Daily Worker

• “Using an Intelligence test in this way presupposes that intelligence grows at equal speeds in children.” John C. Daniels

Opposition toward Intelligence Tests• Opposition to educational segregation and intelligence tests• 1950’s many professionals began publicly to doubt the

relative reliability and the problem the tests caused in with education selection

• Success could be connected with coaching• Real movement against testing came from political left, the

Labour Teachers’ group and the Communist Party • Seen as a reduction of human potential, threat to the creative

teacher and learner• Even psychologists saw it as a reduction of psychology and

sociology• Teachers realized the tests were not doing the job they were

supposed to do and that the job was not the one they wanted to see done

Similar Intelligence Questions….-What two countries were involved in

the Civil War?-What countries were involved in the

American Revolution?Considerations for Assessment….

-Background Knowledge-Vocabulary

-Culture

Sample Intelligence Questions

• Handout• Tables and figures were taken from the following

references:– Boake, C. (2002). From the Binet-Simon to the Wechsler-

Bellevue: Tracing the history of intelligence testing. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24 (3), 383-405.

– Pearson. (n.d.) Assessment and information. Retrieved from http://www.pearsonassessments.com

• How have the questions changed?• Which questions, if any, seem to be valid?

Activity

•Get into small groups

•Discuss the pros and cons of intelligence testing

•Discuss the reliability and validity of intelligence testing

•The use of intelligence testing has decreased in the past 25 years. Do you agree with the decrease in testing? How will this affect the education field?

Pros•Can be used to predict students’ performance in school•Can be used to aid in student placement•More tests are now based on a blend of theories

Cons•Not culture free/fair

•Measures achievement, not ability

•Results depend upon experiences

•No clear definition of intelligence

•No treatment validity

•Creates discrimination

Criticism of I.Q. Tests

• Validity• Assumption that intelligence is a fixed

characteristic • IQ scores give a false impression of objectivity• IQ tests are considered to be biased• IQ tests often measure a narrow range of

intelligence

Controversy Surrounding I.Q Tests

I.Q. Scores give an opinion of a student before they are given a chance to succeed.

I.Q. Tests Do Not

• Give information on how to teach students• Provide areas where a student needs help• Measure the ability to achieve

Use of Intelligence Tests

A “potential-based assessment” An educated guess as to how well an individual

might perform in school (Machek, 2006) Individually Administered Intelligence Tests

Originally prepared by: Greg Machek (fall 2003) Revised: Summer 2006

Retrieved 4/17 from http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/intelligenceTests.shtml

Use of Intelligence Tests

• To provide placement for gifted students• To diagnose intellectual disabilities• To screen large groups of people

Conclusion • The winner's edge is not in a gifted birth, a high

IQ, or in talent. The winner's edge is all in the attitude, not aptitude. Attitude is the criterion for success. Denis Waitley

• Denis Waitley. (n.d.). BrainyQuote.com. Retrieved April 18, 2010, from BrainyQuote.com Web site: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/d/deniswaitl363622.html

References• Boake, C. (2002). From the Binet-Simon to the Wechsler-

Bellevue: Tracing the history of intelligence testing. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24(3), 383-405.

• Kaufman, A.S. (2000). Intelligence tests and school psychology: Predicting the future by studying the past. Psychology in the Schools, 37(1), 7-16.

• Pearson. (n.d.) Assessment and information. Retrieved from http://www.pearsonassessments.com

• White, S.H. (2000). Conceptual foundations of IQ testing. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6(1), 33-43.