IPv6 for Mobile and Wireless Internet

Alper E. YeginDoCoMo USA Labs

IPv6 Forum Technical Directorate Member,

IETF PANA Working Group Chairman

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 2

Mobile and Wireless

• New attributes of the Internet – Internet has been fixed and wired

• Mobility and wireless access bring in new requirements, old requirements with greater magnitude– Scalability– Security– Dynamic reconfiguration– Extendibility– Mobility and persistence

Can IPv4 meet these requirements adequately?

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 3

Scalability

• When the cable is cut, Internet can get anywhere– No longer limited to stationary nodes

– People move, they prefer to take Internet with them

– Cell phone, pda, car, …

• Always on– Not dial-up, no time sharing of addresses

• Multi-access devices– More addresses needed!

cellular

WLAN

IPv4 could not match the need, and gave birth toIPv4-NAT architecture... The basic design principlesof the Internet are violated, and we are paying the price...

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 4

NAT and Servers

• NAT is maybe(*) OK if you are just a client, but NOT OK if server!

• Wireless devices getting better and capable of running services:– Bandwidth (384Kbps)– CPU (206Mhz)– Storage (256MB, 1GB)– Peripherals

• Camera, printer, barcodereader, GPS, sensors

Cannot run a server in a IPv4-NAT domain..

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 5

Security

• Fixed and wired

Internet

client

ISP1

ISP2

Server

PPP, PANA

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 6

Security

• Wireless and mobile

Internet

client

ISP1

ISP2

Server

ISPxWEP, 802.1x,PPP, PANA

???

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 7

Security

• Wireless and mobile

Internet

client

ISP1

ISP2

ISPxWEP, 802.1x,PPP, PANA

Server

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 8

Security

Internet

client

ISP1

ISP2

ISPx

Server

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 9

Security

Internet

client

ISP1

ISP2

ISPx

Server

IPsec

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 10

Security

• Your client can only control security on last mile– Link-layer authentication/encryption

• WEP, 802.1x, PPP

– PANA

• No control over other end’s access security• Security has to be end-to-end

– No trust on intermediaries, and environment of remote end

– IPsec is a must!

Cannot run IPsec through IPv4-NAT domain

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 11

Plug-and-Play

• Very small devices– Limited capability– No interface for configuration– Large number of them– Constantly changing environment (they move!)

• Example:• Mini sensors with transmitters

• IPv6 address auto-configuration• Anycast addresses

– Service discovery - TinyOS - BerkeleyIPv6 has enhanced plug-and-play features

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 12

Future Proof

• Hard to know future needs– Proliferation of mobile and wireless related

WGs in IETF and IRTF is the proof• Mobile IP, Seamoby, PILC, Monet, NSIS, Manet,

Micromobility, ???

• Extensibility– Extension headers, options

IPv6 headerRoutingHeader

Hop-by-hopOptions Header

Destination Options Header

TCP Header DATAIPv6 can accommodate future needs of mobility and wireless access

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 13

Mobility Management

• Mobile IPv6 far superior than Mobile IPv4– Built-in route optimization– Co-existence with ingress filtering– No foreign agent needed

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 14

Mobile IPv4

Home Agent

Mobile Node1

Mobile Node2

Foreign Agent

Lack of optimizations with Mobile IPv4...

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 15

Mobile IPv6

• Route optimization– Correspondent node sends directly to mobile

• Ingress filtering protection– No need to reverse tunnel from mobile to home

Mobile Node1

Mobile Node2

Mobile IPv6 comes with built-in optimizations

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 16

Mobile IPv4

Internet

Foreign Agent

Foreign Agent

Home Agent

Mobile Node

Foreign agents required on the access networks

Additional infrastructure required for Mobile IPv4 deployment

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 17

Mobile IPv6

Internet

Home Agent

Mobile Node

Access RouterAccess Router

Access RouterAccess Router

Access Router

Simple access routers sufficientScalable Mobile IPv6 deployment

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 18

No Foreign Agent

• All mobile node needs is IPv6 access

• Once IPv6 is deployed, clients can immediately start using Mobile IPv6 on top of it– Quick and easy deployment

Internet

Joe’s Home Agent

Joe’sHome Network

Cable modem Joe’s PDA (mobile node)

Any access network

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 19

Private Address Support

• Typical Mobile IPv4 deployment uses Foreign Agent located care-of address and mobile nodes with private addresses– Subnet 10.0.0.0/8

• Mobile nodes’ IPv4 addresses can collide– Implementation is complex!!!

• Reverse tunnel support

• Private address support

– No route optimization possible

Complex, costly, sub-optimal Mobile IPv4 deployment

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 20

Efficiency

• IPv6 header vs. IPv4 header– 40 bytes, 20 bytes– Header compression

• PPP

• ROHC

• Streamlined processing– Fixed header size– Optimized for 64bit architecture

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 21

IETF

• New protocols developed– Mobile IP

– Seamoby: seamless mobility (context transfer)

– Monet: mobile networks

– PANA: network access authentication

– Micromobility management (IRTF)

– NSIS: QoS

• NAT is a pain!– NAT considerations?Protocols get more complicated because of NAT and takeslonger to design

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 22

Wireless Architectures

• 3GPP– IPv6 mandatory for IMS– IMS network elements are IPv6-only– All IMS (both SIP signaling and media flow) is IPv6-

only

• 3GPP2• WLAN

– 3GPP R6

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 23

Real-time Data Communications

• Audio, video applications– Sensitive to packet loss and delay

• Mobility adds latency– Handover

• Solution:– Fast handovers for Mobile IPv6

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 24

Mobility Management Solutions

Internet

Access Router1

Access Router2

Access Router3

Access Router4

Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 25

Mobility Management Solutions

L2 mobilityprotocols

Internet

Access Router1

Access Router2

Access Router3

Access Router4

Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 26

Mobility Management Solutions

FMIPv6

L2 mobilityprotocols

Internet

Access Router1

Access Router2

Access Router3

Access Router4

Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 27

Mobility Management Solutions

FMIPv6

L2 mobilityprotocols

Internet

Access Router1

Access Router2

Access Router3

Access Router4

Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 28

Seamless IPv6 Mobility

Mobile IPv6

FMIPv6

L2 mobilityprotocols

Internet

Access Router1

Access Router2

Access Router3

Access Router4

Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 29

Summary

• Mobile and wireless Internet will take over the edge– Backbone will stay mostly wired

• It demands:– Scalability– Security– Plug-and-play– Extensibility– Better mobility support– End2end communication

IPv6..............passIPv4-NAT....FAIL

Why Is IPv6 Necessary? 30

IPv6 is theonly

solution forthe truly mobile and wireless

Internet