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IPv4 Addresses
Chapter 5
1
2
Classful Addressing
3
Address Space
4
Netid and Hostid
5
Two-Level Addressing
netid
First address000 ... 0
6
Network Mask
7
Three-Level Addressing: Subnetting
8
Subnetting
9
Supernetting
10
Supernetting - Example
11
Classless Addressing (CIDR)
12
Example
Address: 167.199.170.82/27
First Address: 167.199.170.64/27
Last Address: 167.199.170.95/27
13
Subnetting
14.24.74.127/25 14.24.74.191/26
14.24.74.207/28
14.24.74.192/28
A block of 256 addresses (14.24.74.0/24) is divided into 3 subblocks of 120, 60, and 10 addresses.
14.24.74.00000000
14.24.74.01111111 14.24.74.10111111
14.24.74.10000000
14.24.74.11001111
14.24.74.11000000
14
Address Allocation
ISP granted a block: 190.100.0.0/16 (65,536 addresses)
❑ Group 1 has 64 customers; each needs 256 addresses❑ Group 2 has 128 customers; each needs 128 addresses❑ Group 3 has 128 customers; each needs 64 addresses
15
Address Allocation
190.100.0.0/18
190.100.64.0/18
190.100.128.0/19
16
All-Zeros Address
Source: 0.0.0.0Destination: 255.255.255.255
Packet
17
All-Ones Address: Limited Broadcast Address
221.45.71.20/24 221.45.71.178/24
221.45.71.64/24 221.45.71.126/24Network
Destination IP address:255.255.255.255Packet
Router blocks �the packet
18
Direct Broadcast Address
221.45.71.0/24
221.45.71.20/24 221.45.71.178/24
221.45.71.64/24 221.45.71.126/24Network:
Packet
Destination IP address:221.45.71.255
SpecificPrefix Suffix
All 1s
19
Loopback Addresses
Transport layer
Application layer
Network layer
Process 1 Process 2
Destination address:127.x.y.z
Packet
20
Private Addresses