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IPR and DPR Drivers and Opportunities
Andrew Salveson, P.E.Vice President
Water Reuse Practice Director
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t/2 10/201610/201510/2014
10/201310/201210/2011
Carollo and Water Reuse
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Carollo ranks first among all water-only design firms
ENR selected Carollo as its 2016 Top California Design Firm
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Carollo’s reuse experience - By The Numbers
Potable reuse projects
Industry History with Potable Water Reuse
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Potable Water ReuseWastewater Treatment
Urban Water Use
Water Treatment
Environmental Buffer
Advanced Water
Treatment
Plus “Engineered Buffer”
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Successful potable water reuse projects
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California is the Global Leader in Potable Water Reuse
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Near Term Potable Water Reuse in CA Will More Than Double Current Capacity
• Near Term (2017-2025)− Santa Clara Valley Water District− Oxnard− Orange County Water District (expansion)− City of Los Angeles− Metropolitan Water District− Padre Dam− San Diego− Fresno− Soquel Creek Water District− Monterey
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Numerous examples exist for successful surface water IPR in the US
UOSA and Occoquan Reservoir (Virginia)
Gwinnett County Georgia and Lake Lanier
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3+ Years of successful DPR in Texas
Extensive testing showed purified water was better quality than other water supplies AND protective of public health.
Regulatory Requirements and Guidance for Public Health Protection
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Organization Confidence in the Safety of Potable Water Reuse?
State of California Division of Drinking Water (formerly CDPH)
Yes, formal regulations finalized in 2014
National Research Council
Yes, 2012 report documents safety of potable water reuse and demonstrates comparative safety of potable reuse to conventional water supplies
California Medical Association
Yes, CMA demonstrates support for potable reuse in 2012
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Yes, multiple approved projects based upon a case by case analysis
Arizona, Virginia, Colorado, New Mexico, etc.
Yes, many states have potable reuse projects safely producing water based upon different regulatory approaches
Properly Engineered Potable Water Reuse is Protective of Public Health
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Water quality targets for potable water reuse are defined Pathogens
Pollutants
173-page DPRFramework
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CEC Removal Needs Special Consideration
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CEC criteria recommended by SWRCB and RWQCBs
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IPR facilities continue to demonstrate performance to CEC targets
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Finished water meets all drinking water standards with very few detections of regulated chemicals
Drinking WaterStandards
Non Detects (687 out of 690)Detected (3) but below regulated levels
Compounds of Emerging Concern (CECs)
Non Detects (258 of 264)Detected (6 but below health goals)
Big Spring Texas
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Big Spring DPR Project Goal:“Reuse 100% of the water, 100% of the time”
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• Raw Water Provider
• Serves over 500,000 people in 25 counties
• Water Sources:− Surface Water
− Weather Modification (since 1970)
− Recent Well Fields
− Newest: DPR
Colorado River Municipal Water District is No Stranger to Drought
Lake O.H. Ivie, April 2011
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O.H. Ivie(1990)
J.B. Thomas(1952)
E.V. Spence(1967)
Colorado River Municipal Water District is No Stranger to Drought
WaterDataForTexas.org
21%
9%
63%
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DPR on the Map: Completing the Cycle
Moss Creek Lake
City Water Treatment Plant
City Wastewater Treatment PlantRaw Water
Production Facility
Red Draw Reservoir (for evaporation)
Distribution from Base 5 Reservoir
(15 MG)
City of Big Spring
RO Concentrate to Beal’s Creek
Product Water Blend Point
Beal’s Creek Diversion
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Carollo Team Led In-Depth Water Quality Evaluation of Big Spring DPR Facility
Microfiltration Reverse Osmosis UV
FilteredEffluent
from Big Spring
H2O2
<50% blend
To drinking water plants
Moss Creek Lake
E.V. Spence Pipeline
RO concentrateto Beal’s Creek
4
1 2 3 5
6
1Sample locations
Study Sponsored by:Research Partners:•Southern Nevada Water Authority•Trussell Technologies•University of Texas•Nalco Company•Hazen & Sawyer
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24 Months of extensive water quality sampling at Big Spring says…
Pathogens MCLs Aesthetics
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Fluorescence Images Tell a Good Story
Effluent RO Permeate
Moss Creek Lake
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RO Achieves Robust Removal of Trace Organics (Pharmaceuticals etc.)
0
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
ng/L
RWPF Influent
RO Feed
AOP Feed
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AOP Finishes the Job
0
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
ng/L
RWPF Influent
RO Feed
AOP Feed
Product Water
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0
1
10
100
1,000
ng/L
Product Water
0
1
10
100
1,000
ng/L
Product Water
Moss Creek Lake
DPR Finished Water Improves Blended Water Quality wrt Trace Organics
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The Story is Similar for Nitrosamines…
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
ng/L
Moss Creek LakeProduct Water
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… and Estrogens…
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
ng/L
Moss Creek LakeProduct Water
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… and Perfluorinated Chemicals…
0
1
2
3
4
5
ng/L
Moss Creek LakeProduct Water
Technology Innovations
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Screenshot from “Ways of Water”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwrYFJEJSQ0
DPR system would use a multi-faceted monitoring system for real-time water quality confidence
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Novel R&D on RO Shows Substantial Pathogen Removal and Much Improved System Monitoring
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Novel R&D on RO Shows Substantial Pathogen Removal and Much Improved System Monitoring
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Innovative UV AOP Without Oxidants
Patented electrode system for in-situ radical generation (for UV AOP) from
Evoqua
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UV AOP Meets DDW Criteria Without Peroxide
CA Regulatory Standard
UV w/Peroxide
Electrode Only
UV W/Electrode
Research Needs
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0.0000
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.0010
CD18.0 CD28.0 CE28.5 CG18.0 AD28.0 AE18.5 AE28.5 BD18.0 BD28.0 BE28.5
% To
tal Seq
uences
Chart Title
Bulk Water
Biofilm
Bulk Water
Biofilm
10% DPR90% Potable
10% DPR w/ Biofiltration90% Potable
100% Potable
Bulk Water
Biofilm
Bulk Water
(Culturable)
WRF 4536 Tackling ARGs in Finished Water Supplies (including DPR)
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Coast to Coast, Searching for Unknown Unknowns in DPR Water
Secondary/TertiaryEffluent
UF RO UV AOP
ESB
CEC Suite X X X X X X
NTA X X X X X X
Bioassay Suite X X X X X X
Secondary/TertiaryEffluent
O3 BAF UF GAC /IX
UVAOP
CEC Suite X X X X X X
NTA X X X X X X
Bioassay Suite X X X X X X
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Some Utilities are Facing Concerns about RO Concentrate Discharge to Ocean or Brackish Waters
• RO concentrate minimization is costly, including thermal, drying beds, hyper-recovery systems, etc.
• Is there a way to create a beneficial salty water from RO concentrate?
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Toxicity Eliminated in RO Concentrate for Salt Tolerant Species – Topsmelt
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Surv
ival
Per
cent
age
Dilution Value
Percent of RO Concentrate vs. Topsmelt Survival
Untreated ROC - Oct 2015
Test 5.1 (pH = 9.8)
Test 6.1 (pH = 10.96)
Baseline
Untreated ROC - Dec 2015
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A Better Understanding of Risk is Needed
Public Outreach/Education
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Tackling Perception and the Yuck Factor, One Can at a Time
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“The Ways of Water” used to provide context about potable reuse without stigmatizing language
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Survey results show that customers are supportive of potable reuse
55%
29%
9%6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Very Supportive Moderately Supportive Only Slightly Supportive Not Supportive At All
Figure 7: How supportive are you of highly purified used water being delivered into groundwater, mixed with other qualities of water, and
then disinfected or treated again before it is consumed?
84%
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Demonstration facilities allow for community education and support
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http://abc7.com/news/ventura-company-making-wastewater-drinkable/859119/
Demonstration facilities allow for community education and support
Summary
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Potable Water Reuse Projects Are:
• A Vital Component of New Water Supplies for our Community
• Proven to be of high quality and protective of public health
• An economically viable solution
Potable water reuse projects require attention to detail, advanced treatment, advanced monitoring, skilled operation, and financial and managerial support to be (and to remain) successful.
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Questions?