IPL Commercial Law Reviewer

8/13/2019 IPL Commercial Law Reviewer

1/107

INTELLECTUAL PROPERY CODE(R.A. No. 8293, effective January 1, 1998)

INTELLECTUAL PROPERY

-those property rights which results from the physical manifestation of an original

thought.)

COVERAGE Intellectual property right conit o!"a# Copyright an$ relate$ right% Tra$e'ar( an$ er)ice 'ar(%c# Geographic in$ication%$# In$utrial $eign%e# Patent%!# Layout*$eign +Topographie# o! Integrate$ Circuit% an$g# Protection o! Un$icloe$ In!or'ation, +-ec, .#

-TATE POLICY IN RE-PECT O/ INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIG0T- +IPR#*There i a $eclaration o! -tate Policy that1 a'ong other1 the -tate recogni2e that an

e!!ecti)e intellectual an$ in$utrial property yte' i )ital to the $e)elop'ent o! $o'etic an$creati)e acti)ity1 !acilitate tran!er o! technology1 attract !oreign in)et'ent an$ enure'ar(et acce !or our pro$uct1 hence it hall protect an$ ecure e3clui)e right o! cientit1in)entor1 artit1 an$ other gi!te$ citi2en to their intellectual property an$ creation, +-ec, 4#

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION AND RECIPROTICY

Any peron 5ho i a national or 5ho i $o'icile$ or ha a real an$ e!!ecti)e in$utrial

eta&lih'ent in a country 5hich6# i a party to any con)ention1 treaty1 or agree'ent relating to intellectual property right or

the repreion o! un!air co'petition to 5hich the Philippine i alo a party1 or4# e3ten$ reciprocal right to national o! the Philippine &y la51 hall &e entitle$ to &ene!it

to the e3tent neceary to gi)e e!!ect to any pro)iion o! uch con)ention1 treaty1 orreciprocal la51 in a$$ition to the right to 5hich any o5ner o! an intellectual property righti other5ie pro)i$e$ &y la5, +-ec, 7#

REVERSE RECIPROCITY OF FOREIGN LAWSSection 231 'a(ing en!orcea&le on national o! a !oreign tate all con$ition1

retriction1 li'itation1 $i'inution1 re8uire'ent or penaltie that 'ay &e i'poe$ &y uch!oreign tate on a /ilipino national ee(ing intellectual property protection,

Reciprocal application i not auto'aticRather1 the Phil, 'ay apply to the !oreign national thoe retriction that hi country

i'poe on /ilipino applicant

9hat are :TEC0NOLOGY TRAN-/ER ARRANGE;ENT-#

J'RIS#ICI"N "!ER #ISP'ES 'N#ER IPC


2/107

A. Original Jurisdiction1) #irector &enera (IP")

*ha original ?uri$iction to reol)e $ipute relating to the ter' o! a licene in)ol)ingthe author@ right to pu&lic per!or'ance or other co''unication o! hi 5or(,

2) *ureau of +ea Affair-

*ha ?uri$iction o)er the !!"i, Oppoition to application !or regitration o! 'ar(%ii, Cancellation o! tra$e'ar(%iii, Cancellation o! patent1 utility 'o$el an$ in$utrial $eign%i), Petition !or co'pulory licening o! patent%), A$'initrati)e Co'plaint !or )iolation o! la5 in)ol)ing IPR 5here the total

$a'age clai'e$ i not le than P41,

3) #ocuentation, Inforation an/ ec0nooy ran-fer *ureau*ha ?uri$iction to ettle $ipute in)ol)ing technology tran!er pay'ent

B. Appellate Jurisdiction1) #irector &enera*o)er all $eciion ren$ere$ &y the !!"

Dir, o! Legal A!!air

Dir, o! Patent

Dir, o! Tra$e'ar(

Dir, o! the Docu'entation1 In!or'ation an$ Technology Tran!er

2) Court of Aea-*o)er $eciion o! the Director General in the e3ercie o! hi appellate ?uri$iction o)erthe $eciion o! the"

Dir, o! Legal A!!air Dir, o! Patent

Dir, o! Tra$e'ar(

3) Secretary of ra/e an/ In/u-try*o)er $eciion o! the Director General on the e3ercie o! hi appellate ?uri$iction o! theDirector o! Docu'entation1 In!or'ation an$ Technology Tran!er% AND*o)er $eciion o! the Director General in the e3ercie o! hi original ?uri$iction relatingto the ter' o! licene in)ol)ing the author@ right,

A#%INISRAI!E PENA+IES I%P"SE# $"R !I"+AI"NS "$ +AS IN!"+!IN& IPR*The Director !or Legal A!!air 'ay i'poe the !!"

a# Iuance o! a ceae an$ $eit or$er +CDO#% Acceptance o! )oluntary aurance co'pliance +VAC# or )oluntary aurance o!

$icontinuance +VAD#%c# Con$e'nation or ei2ure o! pro$uct u&?ect o! the o!!ene%$# /or!eiture o! propertie ue$ in the co''iion o! the o!!ene%e# I'poition o! a$'initrati)e !ine%!# Cancellation o! per'it1 licene1 authority or regitration%g# 9ithhol$ing o! per'it1 licene1 authority or regitration%h# Ae'ent o! $a'age%i# Cenure%

?# Analogou penaltie or anction +-ec, 6,4 B

+A "N PAENS

PAEN an e3clui)e right ac8uire$ o)er an in)ention1 to ell1 ue1 an$ 'a(e the a'e5hether !or co''erce or in$utry,


3/107

PAENA*+E IN!ENI"NS*any technical olution o! a pro&le' in any !iel$ o! hu'an acti)ity 5hich i NEW1

in)ol)e an INVENTIVE STEPan$ i INDUSTRIA! APPI"ABE hall &e patenta&le, Thepatenta&le in)ention 'ay &e1 or 'ay relate to1 a pro$uct1 or proce1 or an i'pro)e'ent o! anyo! the !oregoing, +-ec, 46#

Reuireent-41) ec0nica -oution of a ro5e in any fie/ of 0uan activity4# Novety that 5hich $oe not !or' part o! a prior art conit o!"

a# that 5hich ha &een 'a$e a)aila&le to the pu&lic any5here in the 5orl$ &e!ore the !iling$ate or the priority $ate o! the application

that 5hich !or' part o! an application 5hether !or patent1 utility or in$utrial $eign1e!!ecti)e in the Philippine1 pro)i$e$ that"i, the in)entor or applicant are not the a'eii, the content o! the application are pu&lihe$ in accor$ance 5ith the re8uire'ent

o! patent application rule,iii, the !iling $ate o! the prior art i earlier,

3) Inventivene--6Inventive Ste*an in)ention in)ol)e an in)enti)e tep i!1 ha)ing regar$ to prior art1 it i not o&)iou to

a peron (ille$ in the art o! the ti'e o! the !iling $ate or priority $ate o! the application clai'ingthe in)ention, +-ec, 4>#

7) In/u-tria Aica5iity*an in)ention that can &e pro$uce$ an$ ue$ in any in$utry, +-ec, 4#

N"NPAENA*+E IN!ENI"NSThe !ollo5ing hall &e e3clu$e$ !ro' patent protection"

a# Dico)erie1 -cienti!ic Theorie an$ ;athe'atical ;etho$% -che'e1 rule an$ 'etho$ o! per!or'ing 'ental act1 playing ga'e or $oing

&uine1 an$ progra' !or co'puter%c# ;etho$ !or treat'ent o! the hu'an or ani'al &o$y &y urgery or therapy an$ $iagnotic

'etho$ practice$ on the hu'an or ani'al &o$y%$# Plant )arietie or ani'al &ree$ o! eentially &iological proce !or the pro$uction o!

plant or ani'al%e# Aethetic creation%!# Anything 5hich i contrary to pu&lic or$er or 'orality +-ec, 44#

RI& " A PAENThe right to a patent &elong"

a# to the in)entor1 hi heir1 or aign 5hen 4 or 'ore peron ha)e 'a$e the in)ention eparately an$ in$epen$ently to the'

?ointlyc# i! t5o +4# or 'ore peron ha)e 'a$e the in)ention eparately an$ in$epen$ently o! each

other to the peron 5ho !ile$ an application !or uch in)ention ($IRS " $I+E R'+E)$# 5here 4 or 'ore application are !ile$ !or the a'e in)ention to the applicant 5ho ha the

earliet !iling $ate or the earliet priority $ate ($IRS " $I+E R'+E) +-ec, 4#e# in cae o! in)ention create$ puruant to a co''iion to the peron 5ho co''iion

the 5or( UNLESSagree$ other5ie,!# in cae an e'ployee 'a$e the in)ention in the coure o! hi e'ploy'ent1 the patent hall

&elong to"

the e'ployee i! in)ention not part o! hi regular $utie e)en i! he ue the ti'e1

!acilitie an$ 'aterial o! the e'ployer% OR

the e'ployer i! the in)ention i the reult o! the per!or'ance o! hi regularly aigne$

$utie unle agree$ other5ie,


4/107

RI&S AC'IRE# *: E PAENEEThe patentee ac8uire the !ollo5ing right un$er hi patent

a# 9here the u&?ect 'atter o! a patent i a product1 to retrain1 prohi&it an$ pre)ent anyunauthori2e$ peron or entity !ro' 'a(ing1 uing1 o!!ering !or ale1 elling or i'porting thatpro$uct%

9here the u&?ect 'atter o! a patent i a process1 to retrain1 pre)ent or prohi&it anyunauthori2e$ peron or entity !ro' uing the proce1 an$ !ro' 'anu!acturing1 $ealing in1uing or o!!ering !or ale1 or i'porting any pro$uct o&taine$ $irectly or in$irectly !ro' uchproce%

c# to aign1 or tran!er &y ucceion the patent1 an$ to conclu$e licening contract !or thea'e +-ec, 6#

C"NENS "$ PAEN APP+ICAI"NA patent application hall contain"

6# a re8uet !or the grant o! patent%4# a $ecription o! the in)ention%

*the $icloure o! the in)ention 'ut &e in a 'anner u!!iciently clear an$ co'plete !or it to&e carrie$ out &y a (ille$ in the art,7# Dra5ing neceary !or the un$ertan$ing o! the in)ention%.# One or 'ore clai'F# An a&tract +-ec, 74#

'ut contain rele)ant in!or'ation a to the i$entity o! the peron +no anony'ouperon#

i! the applicant i not the in)entor% he 'ut ho5 proo! o! authority to ee( application!or regitration

'NI: "$ IN!ENI"N*e)ery application !or patent regitration 'ut contain an application o)er a i'plein)ention or e)eral in)ention &ut 'ut !or' part o! a ingle general in)enti)e concept

PR"CE#'RE $"R E &RAN "$ PARENa# Accor$ing a !iling $ate to the application +-ec, .6#% E3a'ination o! co'pliance &y applicant 5ith the !or'al re8uire'ent peci!ie$ in -ec, 741

i,e,1 content o! application +-ec, .4#%c# Clai!ication o! application an$ earch !or prior art +-ec, .7#$# Pu&lication o! patent application in the IPO Ga2ette +-ec, ..#%e# Inpection o! the application $ocu'ent &y any interete$ party an$ 5ritten o&er)ation &y

any thir$ party concerning the patenta&ility o! the in)ention +-ec, ..,4 an$ .#%!# 9ritten re8uet &y the applicant1 5ithin > 'onth !ro' the $ate o! pu&lication o! hi patentapplication1 !or the u&tanti)e e3a'ination &y the IPO o! hi application, +-ec .#%

g# Grant o! the patent +-ec, F#1 or re!ual o! the e3a'iner to grant the patent +-ec, F6#% in thelatter cae1 the re!ual 'ay &e appeale$ to the Director o! the Hureau o! Patent%

h# Pu&lication o! the grant o! patent in the IPO Ga2ette +-ec, F4#

ER% "$ A PAEN, 'I+I: %"#E+, IN#'SRIA+ #ESI&Na# Patent 4 yr !ro' the !iling $ate o! application1 5ithout rene5al Utility 'o$el yr1 5out rene5alc# In$utrial $eign F yr1 rene5a&le t5ice

'I+I: %"#E+S*'o$el o! i'ple'ent or tool o! any in$utrial pro$uct e)en i! not poee$ o! the

8uality o! in)ention &ut 5hich i o! :practical utility6#e# !ailure to 'a(e pay'ent o! annual !ee or $ue

0ere to fie;

HLA i! in )iolation o! IPC +a$'initrati)e#

RTC other5ie

IN$RIN&E%EN*the 'a(ing1 uing1 o!!ering !or ale1 elling or i'porting a patente$ pro$uct or a pro$uct

o&taine$ $irectly or in$irectly !ro' a patente$ proce or the ue o! a patente$ proce 5ithoutthe authori2ation o! the patentee, +-ec, >#

ES "$ PAEN IN$RIN&E%EN1) +itera Infrineent reort i ha$ to the :5or$< o! the clai',2) #octrine of Euivaent- i! t5o $e)ice $o the a'e 5or( in u&tantially the a'e 5ay1

the a'e reult1 an$ pro$uce u&tantially the a'e reult1 they are the a'e e)en thoughthey $i!!er in na'e1 !or'1 or hape,

RE%E#IES IN CASE "$ IN$RIN&E%ENA# /ile civil cse !or the !ollo5ing purpoe"

6# To reco)er !ro' the in!ringer uch $a'age a the court 'ay a5ar$ coni$ering thecircu'tance o! the cae pro)i$e$ it hall not e3cee$ 7 ti'e the a'ount o! the actual$a'age utaine$ plu attorney@ !ee an$ other e3pene o! litigation%

4# To ecure an in?unction !or the protection o! hi right%7# To recei)e a reaona&le royalty1 i! the $a'age are ina$e8uate or cannot &e rea$ily

acertaine$ 5ith reaona&le certainty%.# To ha)e the in!ringing goo$1 'aterial an$ i'ple'ent pre$o'inantly ue$ in the

in!ringe'ent $ipoe$ o! outi$e the channel o! co''erce1 or $etroye$ 5ithout

co'penation%F# To hol$ the contri&utory in!ringer ?ointly an$ e)erally lia&le 5ith the in!ringer,

H# /ile crimi!l cse5ithin 7 year !ro' $ate o! co''iion o! the cri'e !or repetition o!in!ringe'ent +-ec, .#

+A "N RA#E%AR


6/107

RA#E NA%ES the peron +5hether natural or ?uri$ical# 5ho $oe &uine an$ pro$ucethe goo$ or the er)ice i $eignate$ &y a tra/e nae,

*Un$er the la51 there i no nee$ to regiter tra$e na'e in or$er to ecure protection !orthe',

RA#E #RESS in)ol)e the total i'age o! a pro$uct1 inclu$ing uch !eature a i2e1hape1 color or color co'&ination1 te3ture1 an$or graphic,

" %AR#

N"NRE&ISRA*+E RA#E%AR


7/107

Philippine 5ith repect to goo$ or er)ice 5hich are not i'ilar to thoe 5ith repect to5hich regitration i applie$ !or" pro)i$e$1 that ue o! the 'ar( in relation to thoe goo$ orer)ice 5oul$ in$icate a connection &et5een thoe goo$ or er)ice1 an$ the o5ner o! theregitere$ tra$e'ar(" Pro)i$e$ !urther that the interet o! the o5ner o! the regitere$ 'ar(are li(ely to &e $a'age$ &y uch ue%

g# I li(ely to 'ilea$ the pu&lic1 particularly a to the nature1 8uality1 characteritic or

geographical origin o! the goo$ or er)ice%h# Conit e3clui)ely o! ign that are generic !or the goo$ or er)ice that theyee( to i$enti!y%

i# Conit e3clui)ely o! ign or o! in$ication that ha)e &eco'e cuto'ary or uualto $eignate the goo$ or er)ice in e)ery$ay language or in a &ona!i$e an$ eta&lihe$tra$e practice%

?# Conit e3clui)ely o! ign or in$ication that 'ay er)e in tra$e to $eignate the(in$1 8uality1 8uantity1 inten$e$ purpoe1 )alue1 geographical origin1 ti'e or pro$uction o! thegoo$ or ren$ering o! the er)ice1 or other characteritic o! the goo$ or er)ice%

(# Conit o! hape that 'ay &e neceitate$ &y technical !actor or &y the nature o!the goo$ the'el)e or !actor that a!!ect their intrinic )alue%

l# Conit o! color alone1 unle $e!ine$ &y a gi)en !or'% or'# I contrary to pu&lic or$er or 'orality +-ec, 647#

$I+IN& #AE "$ AN APP+ICAI"N*The !iling $ate o! an application hall &e the $ate on 5hich the o!!ice recei)e$ the

!ollo5ing in$ication an$ ele'ent in Englih or /ilipino"a# An e3pre or i'plicit in$ication that the regitration o! a 'ar( i ought% In$ication u!!icient to contact the applicant or hi repreentati)e1 i! any%c# In$ication u!!icient to contact the applicant or hi repreentati)e1 i! any%$# A repro$uction o! the 'ar( 5here regitration i ought% an$e# The lit o! the goo$ or er)ice !or 5hich the regitration i ought, +-ec, 64,6#

NO !iling $ate hall &e accor$e$ until the re8uire$ !ee i pai$ +-ec, 64,4#

PR"CE#'RE $"R RE&ISRAI"Na# E3a'ination to $eter'ine 5hether the application ati!ie the re8uire'ent !or the grant

o! a !iling $ate, E3a'ination to $eter'ine 5hether the application 'eet the re8uire'ent o! -ec, 64. an$

the 'ar( i regitra&le un$er -ec, 647,c# Denial o! the application or a'en$'ent thereo! or pu&lication o! the application%$# Oppoition to the application% notice% hearing% $eciion &y e3a'iner% appeal to the Director

o! Hureau o! Tra$e'ar(% appeal to the IPO Director General% appeal to the CA%e# Iuance o! Certi!icate o! regitration!# Pu&lication in the IPO Ga2ette o! the !act o! regitration

CANCE++AI"N "$ RA#E%AR< "R RA#ENA%E0o ay fie;

any peron 5ho &elie)e that he i an$ 5ill &e $a'age$ &y the regitration o! a 'ar(

0ere to fie;

HLA

&roun/-4a# ;ar( &eco'e generic !or goo$ !or 5hich it i regitere$%

A&an$on'ent o! the 'ar(%c# Regitration o&taine$ !rau$ulently or contrary to pro)iion o! RA 47%$# ;ar( ue$ &y1 or 5ith per'iion1 or1 regitrant%e# /ailure to ue the 'ar( 5ithin the Philippine !or 7 uninterrupte$ year or longer,

E$$ECS "$ N"N'SE

'ay &e e3cue$ i! caue$ &y circu'tance ariing in$epen$ently o! the 5ill o! the

tra$e'ar( o5ner1 uch a 'ilitary coup1 or political change that i'pe$e co''erce


8/107

Regitration i an a$'initrati)e act $eclaratory o! a pre*e3iting right that $oe not1 o!

itel!1 per!ect a tra$e'ar(1 !or 5hat $oe i ctul use

Non*ue i a groun$ !or re'o)ing a 'ar( !ro' the regiter

#"CRINE "$ SEC"N#AR: %EANIN&*9hile a generic1 in$icati)e or $ecripti)e 'ar( 5ill1 a a general rule1 &e $enie$

regitration1 there i a circu'tance that 5ill allo5 it to &e regitere$, Un$er the doctri!e o"seco!dr# me!i!$%5hen a 'ar( ha &eco'e $itincti)e o! the applicant@ go$ in co''ercean$1 in the 'in$ o! the pu&lic1 in$icate a ingle ource o! conu'er1 it 'ay &e regitere$,

A C"NSI'ES AN IN$RIN&E%EN*Un$er RA 471 any peron hall1 5ithout the conent o! the o5ner o! the regitere$

'ar("6# Ue in co''erce any repro$uction1 counter!eit1 copy1 or colora&le i'itation o! a

regitere$ 'ar( or the a'e container or a $o'inant !eature thereo! in connection5ith the ale1 o!!ering !or ale1 $itri&ution1 a$)ertiing any goo$ or er)iceinclu$ing other preparatory tep neceary to carry out the ale o! any goo$ or

er)ice on or in connection 5ith 5hich uch ue i li(ely to caue con!uion1 or tocaue 'ita(e1 or to $ecei)e% or

4# Repro$uce1 counter!eit1 copy or colora&ly i'itate a regitere$ 'ar( or a $o'inant!eature thereo! an$ apply uch repro$uction1 counter!eit1 copy1 or colora&le i'itationto la&el1 ign1 print1 pac(age1 5rapper1 receptacle1 or a$)ertie'ent inten$e$to &e ue$ in co''erce upon or in connection 5ith the ale1 o!!ering !or ale1$itri&ution1 or a$)ertiing o! goo$ or er)ice on1 or in connection 5ith 5hich uchue i li(ely to caue con!uion1 or to caue 'ita(e1 or to $ecei)e1 hall &e lia&le !orin!ringe'ent, +-ec, 6FF#

ES "$ RA#E%AR< IN$RIN&E%EN

1) #oinancy e-t =conit in ee(ing out the 'ain1 eential or $o'inant !eature o! a'ar(,2) oi-tic e-t ta(e toc( o! the other !eature o! a 'ar(1 ta(ing into coni$eration the

entirety o! the 'ar(,

#I$$ERENIAE# $R"% 'N$AIR C"%PEII"N6# Cuse o" ctio!&in in!ringe'ent1 the caue o! action i the unauthori2e$ ue o! a regitere$

tra$e'ar(% in un!air co'petition1 it i the paing o!! o! one@ goo$ a thoe o! another'erchant,

4# Frudule!t i!te!ti not neceary in in!ringe'ent1 &ut neceary in UC,7# Re$istrtio! o" trdemr's& in in!ringe'ent1 it i a pre*re8uiite% in UC1 it i not re8uire$,

.# Clss o" $oods i!volved&in in!ringe'ent1 the goo$ 'ut &e o! i'ilar cla% in UC1 thegoo$ nee$ not &e o! the a'e cla,

in!ringe'ent i a !or' o! un!air co'petition

RE%E#IES A!AI+A*+E IN CASE "$ IN$RIN&E%EN "$ A RE&ISERE# %AR,4#%c# A( !or $ou&le $a'age +-ec, 6F>,7#$# A( !or in?unction +6F>,.#

e# 0a)e the in!ringing goo$ $ipoe$ o! outi$e the channel o! co''erce +-ec, 6F,6#!# 0a)e the in!ringing goo$ $etroye$ +-ec, 6F,6#g# /ile cri'inal action +-ec, 6#%h# A$'initrati)e -anction

'N$AIR C"%PEII"N*any peron 5ho hall e'ploy $eception or any other 'ean contrary to goo$ !aith &y

5hich he hall pa o!! the goo$ 'anu!acture$ &y hi' or in 5hich he $eal1 or hi &uine1


9/107

or er)ice !or thoe o! the one ha)ing eta&lihe$ uch goo$5ill1 or 5ho hall co''it any actcalculate$ to pro$uce ai$ reult1 hall &e guilty o! un!air co'petition,

o> Coitte/a# ;a(ing one@ goo$ appear a the goo$ o! another% Ue o! arti!ice or $e)ice to in$uce the !ale &elie! that one@ goo$ are thoe o! another%

c# /ale tate'ent in the coure o! tra$e% or$# Any act contrary to goo$ !aith calculate$ to $icre$it another@ goo$

ES "$ 'N$AIR C"%PEII"N*The tet i 5hether certain goo$ ha)e &een clothe$ 5ith an appearance li(ely to

$ecei)e the or$inary purchaer e3erciing or$inary care,

RE%E#IES A&AINS 'N$AIR C"%PEII"Na# Da'age 5hich 'ay either &e"

reaona&le pro!it 5hich 5oul$ ha)e reali2e$1 or

actual pro!it collecte$ &y the $e!en$ant1 or

a certain percentage o)er the gro ale o! $e!en$ant in cae o! the 'eaure o!$a'age cannot &e rea$ily acertaine$%

Da'age 'ay &e $ou&le$ in cae 5here actual intent to 'ilea$ the pu&lic or to $e!rau$the co'plaint i ho5n%

c# I'poun$ing o! ale in)oice an$ other $ocu'ent e)i$encing ale%$# In?unctione# Detruction o! goo$ !oun$ to &e in!ringing1 an$ all paraphernalia,

+A "N C"P:RI&

C"P:RI& yte' o! legal protection an author en?oy in the !or' o! e3preion o! i$ea

*ASIC PRINCIP+ES

9or( are protecte$ &y the ole !act o! their creation1 irrepecti)e o! their 'o$e or !or' o!

e3preion1 a 5ell a their content1 8uality or purpoe +-ec, 64,4#

Protection e3ten$ only to the e3preion o! the i$ea1 not to the i$ea itel! or to any

proce$ure1 yte'1 'etho$ or operation1 concept or principle1 $ico)ery or 'ere $ata,

CREAI"N "$ A "R#Collecti)e 5or( a 5or( create$ &y t5o or 'ore peron at the initiati)e an$ un$er the$irection o! another 5ith the un$ertan$ing that it 5ill &e $icloe$ &y the latter un$er hio5n na'e an$ that the contri&ution o! natural peron 5ill not &e i$enti!ie$, +-ec, 66,4#

, In cae o! tran!er1 the tran!eree hall o5n one or 'ore or all the econo'ic righttran!erre$ pro)i$e$"a, the aign'ent1 i! inter )i)o1 &e in 5riting +-ec, 6,4#&, the aign'ent &e !ile$ 5ith the National Li&rary upon pay'ent o! the precri&e$ !ee,

+-ec, 64#

#'RAI"N "$ C"P:RI&

Literr# rtistic )or's !d derivtive )or's o" SINGLE CREATOR * li!eti'e o! the creator

an$ !or F year a!ter hi $eath

-oi!t cretio! li!eti'e o! lat ur)i)ing co*creator an$ !or F year a!ter hi $eath,

A!o!#mous or )or' u!der pseudo!#m !ot ide!ti"i/le )it* t*e true !me o" t*e cretor

F year a!ter the $ate o! their !irt pu&lication,

E3cept 5here1 &e!ore the e3piration o! ai$ perio$1 the authorJ i$entity i re)eale$ or ino longer in $ou&t1 the rule !or ingle an$ ?oint creation hall apply

P*oto$rp*ic )or's F year !ro' the pu&lication o! the 5or(1 or !ro' 'a(ing the a'eter' i gi)en to au$io)iual 5or( pro$uce$ &y photography or analogou procee,

Wor' o" Applied Art 4F year !ro' the $ate o! 'a(ing

Ne)spper Article li!eti'e o! the author an$ F year a!ter hi $eath

A pure ne5 report 5ill no longer !in$ protection un$er he ne5 la51 HUT a colu'n orpu&lihe$ co''ent 5ill


12/107

The 5or( o! per!or'er not incorporate$ in RECORDING1 PRODUCT- O/ -OUND

I;AGE RECORDING-1 an$ HROADCA-T-1 are protecte$ !or perio$ o! F year1 Fyear1 an$ 4 year1 repecti)ely1 counte$ !ro' the en$ o! the year o! per!or'ance1recor$ing1 or &roa$cat1 repecti)ely,

T*e term o" protectio! s*ll /e cou!ted "rom t*e "irst d# o" -!ur# o" t*e #er

"ollo)i!$ t*e det* or o" lst pu/lictio! 0Sec1 2345

+I%IAI"NS " E RI&S "N C"P:RI&1) Private erforance, rivate an/ er-ona u-e applica&le only :5hen a 5or( ha &een

la5!ully 'a$e accei&le to the pu&lic,&i +morlri$*ts# apply or not i le!t 5ith the 'unicipal legilation o! each 'e'&er*tate,

SU:SISTENCE OF T9E RIG9TS

Co!"erme!t o" ri$*ts

The right con!erre$ &y the IPC ino!ar a COPYRIG0T i concerne$ su/sists "rom t*e

mome!t o" cretio!(Sec. 12.1).Un$er Philippine La51 NO /OR;ALITY I- REUIRED that the author &e )ete$ 5ith the

right o! copyright,

CREATION O/ A 9OR"

A copyrighta&le 5or( i create$ 5hen the t5o re8uire'ent are 'et"

6, ORIGINALITY* $oe not 'ean no)elty or ingenuity1 neither uni8uene nor creati)ity1 iti'ply 'ean that the 5or( Ko)es its ori$i! to t*e ut*or;1

The 5or( i an in$epen$ent creation o! the author,

#. E$PRESSION%t&ere 'ust (e )*i+ation), to (e )-i+ed) a or/ 'ust (e e'(odied in a'ediu' su--icientl01

a# PER;ANENT% or -TAHLE%

to per'it it to &e percei)e$1 repro$uce$1 or other5ie co''unicate$ !or a perio$ o! 'orethan tranitory $uration,-trictly pea(ing there i no 5or( !or copyright purpoe1 unle there i o'ethingtangi&le1


16/107

*It i !i3ation that $e!ine the ti'e !ro' 5hen copyright u&it, He!ore the ti'e o! !i3ationthere can &e no in!ringe'ent,*Crucial e)ent or act that allo5 the author to in)o(e the la5"* It 'ut &e 5hen a 5or( o! authorhip i at leat e3pree$ in o'e $eter'inate !or'1 i,e,!i3ation,

N"E 4 CONTRARY VIE9 * The ne5 Intellectual Property Co$e i ilent on the re8uire'ento! !i3ation, A&ent thi re8uire'ent o! !i3ation1 then copyright 5oul$ attach to &ear i$ea 5hichi e3clu$e$ &y uni)eral principle o! copyright,

DURATION O/ COPYRIG0T /OR VARIOU- 9OR-" +C0AP, MIV1 -EC, 467#

A, LITERARY ARTI-TIC 9OR- AND DERIVATIVE 9OR- O/ A -INGLE CREATOR*theright u&it $uring the li!eti'e o! the creator an$ !or !i!ty +F# year a!ter hi $eath, +/orpurpoe o! rec(oning the tart o! the !i!ty +F#*year perio$1 the !irt $ay o! anuary o! theyear !ollo5ing the e)ent 5hich gi)e rie to the' i the tarting point * Sec. 217#

&, In cae o! OINT CREATION*the econo'ic right hall &e protecte$ $uring the li!e o! thelat ur)i)ing author an$ !or !i!ty year a!ter hi $eath +the !i!ty*year perio$ i counte$ !ro'the $eath o! the lat ur)i)ing co*creator#,

c, 9hen an ANONY;OU- OR A P-EUDONY;OU- 9OR* i pu&lihe$1 the copyright lattill the en$ o! !i!ty year !ollo5ing the $ate o! their !irt pu&lication, +co''encing !ro'anuary 6 !ollo5ing the $ate o! pu&lication * Sec. 217#

$, A 5or( o! APPLIED ART en?oy protection !or t5enty*!i)e +4F# year !ro' the $ate o!'a(ing,

E, P0OTOGRAP0IC 9OR-* are protecte$ !or !i!ty +F# year !ro' the pu&lication o! the5or(1 or !ro' 'a(ing the a'e ter' i gi)en to au$io)iual 5or( pro$uce$ &yphotography or analogou procee,

/, A NE9-PAPER ARTICLE* 5ill there!ore en?oy a ter' o! protection e8ual to that en?oye$&y other literary 5or(" the li!eti'e o! the author an$ !i!ty year therea!ter, I'portant1ho5e)er1 relati)e to ne5paper an$ perio$ical i the $enial o! copyright protection toKne5 o! the $ay an$ other 'icellaneou !act ha)ing the character o! 'ere ite' o! prein!or'ation,K (Sec. 1) A pure !e)s report )ill !o lo!$er "i!d protectio! u!der t*e !e)l)% :UT colum! or pu/lis*ed comme!t )ill1 9hen ne5paper an$ perio$ical inclu$e5or( en?oying in$epen$ent copyright1 the 5or( o inclu$e$ continue en?oying the right!or a $uration proper to the',

T9E SU:-ECT OF COPYRIG9T

A, LITERARY AND ARTI-TIC 9OR-

6, Hoo(1 pa'phlet1 article an$ other 5riting%4, Perio$ical an$ ne5paper%7, Lecture1 er'on1 a$$ree1 $iertation prepare$ !or oral $eli)ery1 5hether or not

re$uce$ in 5riting or other 'aterial !or'%., Letter%F, Dra'atic or $ra'atico*'uical co'poition% choreographic 5or( or entertain'ent in

$u'& ho5%>, ;uical co'poition1 5ith or 5ithout 5or$%, 9or( o! $ra5ing1 painting1 architecture1 culpture1 engra)ing1 lithography or other

5or( o! art% 'o$el or $eign !or 5or( o! art%, Original orna'ental $eign or 'o$el !or article o! 'anu!acture1 5hether or not

regitra&le a an in$utrial $eign1 an$ other 5or( o! applie$ art%, Illutration1 'ap1 plan1 (etche1 chart an$ three +7# $i'enional 5or( relati)e to

geography1 topography1 architecture or cience%6,Dra5ing or platic 5or( o! a cienti!ic or technical character%66,Photographic 5or( inclu$ing 5or( pro$uce$ &y a proce analogou to photography%

lantern li$e%


17/107

64,Au$io)iual 5or( an$ cine'atographic 5or( an$ 5or( pro$uce$ &y a proceanalogou to cine'atography or any proce !or 'a(ing au$io)iual recor$ing%

67,Pictorial illutration an$ a$)ertie'ent%6.,Co'puter progra'% an$6F,Other literary1 cholarly1 cienti!ic an$ artitic 5or(, (Sec. 12)

N"E4 The author o! peeche1 lecture1 er'on1 a$$ree1 an$ $iertations*ll *ve t*e e,clusive ri$*t o" m'i!$ collectio! o" *is )or's .(Sec. 1D.2)

B. DERIVATIVE WOR2S

The !ollo5ing $eri)ati)e 5or( hall alo &e protecte$ &y copyright,6, Dra'ati2ation1 tranlation1 a$aptation1 a&ri$g'ent1 arrange'ent1 an$ other

alteration o! literary or artitic 5or(% an$4, Collection o! literary1 cholarly or artitic 5or(1 an$ co'pilation o! $ata an$ other

'aterial 5hich are original &y reaon o! the election or coor$ination or arrange'ent o!their content (Sec. 13).

An i'portant inno)ation o! the ne5 la5 i the $itinct copyright that the pu&liher o! a 5or(

en?oy, The co$e pro)i$e * KIn a$$ition to the right to pu&lih grante$ &y the author1 hi heir1or aign1 t*e pu/lis*er s*ll *ve cop#ri$*t co!sisti!$ merel# o" t*e ri$*t o" reproductio! o"t*e t#po$rp*icl rr!$eme!t o" t*e pu/lis*ed editio! o" t*e )or'1;(Sec. 17)

"R


18/107

Copyright or Econo'ic right hall conit o! the e3clui)e right to +a# carry out1 + authori2eor +c# pre)ent the !ollo5ing act"

6, Repro$uction o! the 5or( or u&tantial portion o! the 5or(%4, Dra'ati2ation1 tranlation1 a$aptation1 a&ri$g'ent1 arrange'ent or other tran!or'ation

o! the 5or(%

7, /irt pu&lic $itri&ution o! the original an$ each copy o! the 5or(%., Rental o! the original or a copy o! an au$io)iual or cine'atographic 5or(%F, Pu&lic $iplay o! the original or a copy o! the 5or(%>, Pu&lic per!or'ance o! the 5or(% an$, Other co''unication to the pu&lic o! the 5or(, (Sec. 1)

B. 3oral Rig&ts

The author o! a 5or( hall1 in$epen$ent o! econo'ic right or the grant o! an aign'ent orlicene 5ith repect to uch right1 ha)e the right"

6, Re8uire that the authorhip o! the 5or( &e attri&ute$ to hi'1 in a pro'inent 5ay on thecopie1 an$ 5ith the pu&lic ue o! the 5or(%4, ;a(e any alteration o! hi 5or( prior to1 or to 5ithhol$ it !ro' pu&lication%7, O&?ect to any $itortion1 'utilation or other 'o$i!ication o!1 or other $erogatory action in

relation to1 hi 5or( 5hich 5oul$ &e pre?u$icial to hi honor or reputation% an$., Retrain the ue o! hi na'e 5ith repect to any 5or( not o! hi o5n creation or in a

$itorte$ )erion o! hi 5or( (Sec. 193),LI8ITATIONS ON COPYRIG9T&

0e foo>in act- -0a N" con-titute infrineent of coyri0t4

6, Recitation or per!or'ance o! a 5or(*'a$e accei&le to the pu&lic*pri)ately $one* !ree o! charge*trictly !or a charita&le or religiou intitution%

4, ;a(ing o! 8uotation !ro' a pu&lihe$ 5or(* co'pati&le 5ith !air ue* to the e3tent ?uti!ie$ !or the purpoe* inclu$ing 8uotation !ro' ne5paper article an$ perio$ical* ource an$ na'e o! the author1 appearing on 5or(1 'ut &e 'entione$%

7, Repro$uction or co''unication to the pu&lic &y 'a 'e$ia* o! article on current political1 ocial1 econo'ic1 cienti!ic or religiou topic1 lecture1a$$ree an$ other 5or(1 $eli)ere$ in pu&lic* ue i !or in!or'ation purpoe* not e3prely reer)e$* ource i alrea$y in$icate$%

., Repro$uction an$ co''unication to the pu&lic o! literary1 cienti!ic or artitic 5or(* a part o! report o! current e)ent*&y 'ean o! photography1 cine'atography or &roa$cating- to the e3tent neceary !or the purpoe%

F, Incluion o! a 5or( in a pu&lication1 &roa$cat1 or other co''unication to the pu&lic1 oun$recor$ing or !il'* i! 'a$e &y 5ay o! illutration !or teaching purpoe* co'pati&le 5ith !air ue* ource an$ na'e o! the author1 appearing on 5or(1 'ut &e 'entione$%

>, Recor$ing 'a$e in chool1 uni)eritie1 or e$ucational intitution o! a 5or(inclu$e$ in a &roa$cat !or the ue o! uch chool1 uni)eritie or e$ucational intitution

* uch recor$ing 'ut &e $elete$ 5ithin a reaona&le perio$


19/107

* uch recor$ing 'ay not &e 'a$e !ro' au$io)iual 5or( 5hich are part o! the generalcine'a repertoire o! !eature !il' EMCEPT !or &rie! e3cerpt o! the 5or(%

, ;a(ing o! ephe'eral recor$ing*&y a &roa$cating organi2ation* &y 'ean o! it o5n !acilitie* !or ue in it o5n &roa$cat%

, Ue 'a$e o! a 5or( &y or un$er the $irection or control o! the Go)ern'ent* Go)ern'ent* National Li&rary* E$ucational1 -cienti!ic1 or pro!eional intitution* ue i in the pu&lic interet* co'pati&le 5ith !air ue%

, Pu&lic per!or'ance or the co''unication to the pu&lic o! a 5or(* in a place 5here no a$'iion !ee i charge$ &y a clu& on intitution* !or charita&le or e$ucational purpoe only* ai' i not pro!it 'a(ing%

6,Pu&lic $iplay o! the original or a copy o! the 5or( not 'a$e &y 'ean o! a !il'1 li$e1

tele)iion i'age or other5ie on creen or &y 'ean o! any other $e)ice or proce* either the 5or( ha &eena# pu&lihe$ ol$c# gi)en a5ay$# tran!erre$ to another peron &y the author or hi ucceor in title%

66,Any ue 'a$e o! a 5or( !or the purpoe* o! any ?u$icial procee$ing% or* !or the gi)ing o! pro!eional a$)ice &y a legal practitioner,

The pro)iion o! thi ection hall &e interprete$ in uch a 5ay a to allo5 the 5or( to &e

ue$ in a 'anner 5hich $oe not con!lict 5ith the !orml e,ploittio! o" t*e )or' !d does !otu!reso!/l# pre6udice t*e ri$*t *older


20/107

*air Use

A pri)ilege1 in peron other than the o5ner o! the copyright1 to ue the copyrighte$

'aterial in a reso!/le m!!er 5ithout hi conent1 not5ithtan$ing the 'onopolygrante$ to the o5ner &y the copyright,

It i 'eant to &alance the 'onopolie en?oye$ &y the copyright o5ner 5ith the interet o!

the pu&lic an$ o! ociety,

N"E4It only applie to copyrighte$ 5or( an$ not to non*copyrighta&le 'aterial,

CRITERIA TO DETER;INE 90ET0ER U-E I- /AIR OR NOT"

6, Purpoe an$ the character o! the ue

4, Nature o! the copyrighte$ 5or(7, A'ount an$ u&tantiality o! the portion ue$., E!!ect o! the ue upon the potential 'ar(et o! the copyrighte$ 5or(

T0E K/AIR U-E-K O/ PROTECTED ;ATERIAL ARE"

6, Critici2ing1 co''enting1 an$ ne5 reporting%4, Uing !or intructional purpoe1 inclu$ing pro$ucing 'ultiple copie !or claroo' ue1 !or

cholarhip1 reearch an$ i'ilar purpoe i not an in!ringe'ent o! copyright, (Sec. 18)

REPR"&RAPIC REPR"#'CI"N *: +I*RARIES4

Any li&rary or archi)e 5hoe acti)itie are not !or pro!it 'ay1 5ithout the authori2ation o! the

author o! copyright o5ner1 'a(e a ingle copy o! the 5or( &y reprographic repro$uction1 5hen"6, /ragile or rare4, Iolate$ article

7, Preer)ation (Sec. 188.1)

3 It hall not &e per'ii&le to pro$uce a )olu'e o! a 5or( pu&lihe$ in e)eral )olu'e or

to pro$uce 'iing to'e or page o! 'aga2ine or i'ilar 5or(1 unle the )olu'e1 to'eor part i neceary !or the collection o! the li&rary an$ i out o! toc(, (Sec. 188.2)

4

The right 'entione$ )et in li&rarie1 pu&lic archi)e an$ 'ueu', There i no

re8uire'ent that the li&rary &e a pu&lic li&rary1 it coul$ &e pri)ate, An$ i li'ite$ only to literaryor artitic 5or(,

CRIERIA $"R FREPR"&RAPIC REPR"#'CI"NF "$ +I*RARIES4

6, Photocopying only1 i,e, K3ero3K +not &y other 'e$iu'#4, -ingle copy

7, Conitent 5ith the acti)itie o! the li&rary or archi)e

REPR"#'CI"N "$ C"%P'ER PR"&RA%S4

The repro$uction o! a co'puter progra' i allo5e$ on the !ollo5ing con$ition"6, Only one +6# copy i 'a$e%4, La5!ul o5ner 'a$e the copy%7, Purpoe !or 5hich the repro$uction i 'a$e i legal1 li(e"

a# ue to 5hich the progra' i 'a$e an$ !or 5hich it 5a purchae$ $e'an$ therepro$uction o! a copy% or lo or $etruction i a)oi$e$,


21/107

(Sec. 189.1)

Iortation for Per-ona Puro-e-

The i'portation o! a copy o! a 5or( &y an in$i)i$ual !or hi peronal purpoe hall &e

per'itte$ 5ithout the authori2ation o! the author o!1 or other o5ner o! copyright in1 the 5or(

un$er the !ollo5ing circu'tance"a, Copie o! the 5or( are not a)aila&le in the Philippine an$"

1."ne (1) coy at one tie i- iorte/, for -trict in/ivi/ua4,Hy Authority o! an$ !or the ue o! the Philippine Go)ern'ent% or7,Religiou1 Charita&le or E$ucational -ociety or intitution i'porte$ not 'ore than

three +7# copie per title +or (in$# pro)i$e$ they are not !or ale, +it i enough i! thei'portation &e !or the a(e o! uch ociety or intitution#

&, Copie !or' part o! li&rarie an$ peronal &aggage &elonging to peron or !a'iliearri)ing !ro' !oreign countrie an$ are not inten$e$ !or ale" Provided1 That uch copie $o note3cee$ three +7#, (Sec. 19H)

T9E OWNERS9IP OF COPYRIG9T

6, -INGLE CREATOR * The creator1 hi heir or aign o5n copyright,4, OINT CREATION = The co * author hall &e the original o5ner o! the copyright an$ in

the a&ence o! agree'ent1 their right hall &e go)erne$ &y the rule on co * o5nerhip, I!1ho5e)er1 a 5or( o! ?oint authorhip conit o! part that can &e ue$ eparately an$ theauthor o! each part can &e i$enti!ie$1 the author o! each part hall &e the original o5ner o!the copyright in the part that he ha create$,

7, CO;;I--IONED 9OR * O5nerhip o! the 5or( i in the peron co''iioning%o5nerhip o! copyright1 re'ain 5ith the creator1 unle there i a 5ritten tipulation to thecontrary,

., CINE;ATOGRAP0IC 9OR * The pro$ucer e3ercie copyright !or purpoe o!e3hi&ition% !or all other purpoe1 the pro$ucer1 the author o! the cenario1 the co'poer1the !il' $irector1 the photographic $irector an$ the author o! the 5or( are the creator, /orpurpe o! ho5ing the !il'1 ho5e)er1 the pro$ucer i to &e $ee'e$ copyright o5ner,

F, P-EUDONY;OU- AND ANONY;OU- 9OR- * Unle the author i un$iputa&ly(no5n1 the pu&liher hall &e preu'e$ to &e the repreentati)e o! the author, (Sec. 18an/ 19)

A regar$ morl ri$*ts1 the ?oint author are entitle$ to &e ac(no5le$ge$ a author o! the

5or( +-ec, 67,6 'ay apply#, A regar$ contri&ution to a collecti)e 5or(1 the la5 pro)i$ethat unle the contri&utor e3prely reer)e hi right +5hich o!ten 5ill not &e the cae

preciely &ecaue he i in the e'ploy o! a putati)e author or co''only accepte$ author#1 it ithe putati)e author to 5ho' the 5or( 5ill &e attri&ute$, (Sec. 19D)

9hen a 5riter1 a photographer1 an artit * or any other contri&utor * en$ in hi piece to a

perio$ical or ne5paper pu&liher1 uch 5riter or artit retain hi copyright on the piecee3cept the right to pu&lih once * 5hich i $ee'e$ grante$ to the pu&liher, (Sec. 18H.3)

COPYRIG0T O9NER-0IP O/ /OREIGN AUT0OR-

9hen the author1 though a !oreigner1 ha ha&itual rei$ence in the Philippine1 or 5hen the

hea$8uarter o! the pro$ucer o! au$io)iual 5or( i in the Philippine1 copyright protection i&eyon$ $ou&t,

Protection a!!or$e$ the co$e are applie$ to 5or( Kprotecte$ &y )irtue o! an$ in accor$ance5ith any international con)ention or other international agree'ent to 5hich the Philippine i aparty, (Sec. 221.2)

;e'&er hall accor$ the treat'ent pro)i$e$ !or in thi Agree'ent to the national o! other

;e'&er, (Art. 1, ar. 3, RIPS Pari- *erne Convention &A 97)

7EPOSIT AN7 NOTICE


22/107

Regitration an$ Depoit 5ith the National Li&rary an$ the -upre'e Court Li&rary

/or the purpoe o! co'pleting the recor$ o! the National Li&rary an$ the -upre'e Court

Li&rary1 5ithin three +7# 5ee(1 t5o +4# co'plete copie o! the 5or( hall &e regitere$ an$$epoite$ 5ith the ai$ li&rarie1 &y peronal $eli)ery or &y regitere$ 'ail,

A certi!icate o! $epoit hall &e iue$ an$ the precri&e$ !ee collecte$ !or 5hich the

copyright o5ner hall &e e3e'pt !ro' 'a(ing a$$itional $epoit o! the 5or( 5ith thea!ore'entione$ li&rarie un$er other la5,

I!1 5ithin three +7# 5ee( a!ter receipt &y the copyright o5ner o! a 5ritten $e'an$ !ro' the

$irector !or uch $epoit1 the re8uire$ copie or repro$uction are not $eli)ere$ an$ the !ee inot pai$1 the copyright o5ner hall &e lia&le to pay a !ine . (Sec. 191)

NOTICE OF COPYRIG9T

Each copy o! a 5or( pu&lihe$ or o!!ere$ !or ale 'ay contain a notice &earing the na'e o!

the copyright o5ner1 3 3 3, (Sec. 192)

Notice o! copyright i llo)ed1 !ot prescri/ed1 !or the per'ii)e K'ayK i ue$,

INFRINGE8ENT

RE;EDIE- o! one 5ho co'plain o! in!ringe'ent"

6, INUNCTION to pre)ent in!ringe'ent (Sec. 21D)4, DA;AGE-aee$ on the &ai o! the proo! allege$ &y the plainti!! o! ale 'a$e &y

the $e!en$ant o! the in!ringing 5or( 'inu 5hate)er cot the $e!en$ant 'ay &e a&le topro)e an$ appreciate$ &y the court, +

7, DELIVERY UNDER OAT0 O/ ALL I;PLE;ENT- e'ploye$ in the pro$uction o! thein!ringing ite'1 a 5ell a the in!ringing pro$uct the'el)e1 !or i'poun$ing, +c#

., DELIVERY un$er oath o! all in!ringing copie or $e)ie !or $etruction, +$#F, PAY;ENTo! 'oral an$ e3e'plary $a'age in the $icretion o! the court, +e#

The in!ringer alo e3poe hi'el! to cri'inal lia&ility 5herein the la5 precri&e penaltie o!

i'prion'ent an$ !ine1 inclu$ing u&i$iary i'prion'ent in cae o! inol)ency, (Sec. 218)

RELATE7 ISSUES

6, URI-DICTION

5 Original ?uri$iction lie 5ith the Director General o! the IPO o)er $ipute relating to the

ter' o! a licene in)ol)ing the authorJ right to pu&lic per!or'ance or other co''unicationo! hi 5or(, (Sec. c)

Other in!ringe'ent cae are not 5ithin the ?uri$iction o! the Director * General, In !act

throughout Sectio! 23?1 the ter' KcourtK i ue$1 lea)ing no $ou&t that ?uri$iction 5ill ret 5iththe KcourtK in )ie5 o! the ?uri$ictional a'ount an$ the cri'inal proecution o! i'poa&lepenaltie,

4, -TANDING TO -UEPeron 5ho 'ay ue"a# Legal o5ner% or Hene!icial o5ner% ince they are Kpartie in interet,K

7, DE/ENDANT-

6 Thoe 5ho 'ay &e lia&le !or in!ringe'ent un$er the copyright la5"

a# In!ringer Ai$c# A&et$# Participatee# Contri&ute!# Authori2e


23/107

a# Hene!it +$ee'e$ inclu$e$ inSec. 21#,

A corner &oo( tore an$ 'aga2ine tore that )en$ pirate$ copie o! a 5or( i in !act

)iolating the copyright o5nerJ right to e3clui)ely $itri&ute hi 5or(, -uch tore 5oul$there!ore &e in!ringing, The printer 5ho1 though acting un$er intruction !ro' another1 et

into 'otion the illegal repro$uction o! protecte$ 'aterial 5oul$1 in !act1 &e in!ringing copyright,

., PRE-CRIPTIVE PERIOD

No $a'age 'ay &e reco)ere$ a!ter !our +.# year !ro' the ti'e the caue o! action aroe,

(Sec. 22D)Thi pertain only to reco)ery o! $a'age,

There i no uch precripti)e perio$ in petition !or in?uncti)e relie! a 5ell a !or the

i'poun$ing an$ $etruction o! in!ringing 'aterial, The cri'e o! in!ringe'ent i u&?ect to thegeneral rule o! precription o! cri'e,

PERFOR8ER


24/107

The ter' :)ii&le< i not li'ite$ to 5hate)er 'ay &e :percepti&le &y the ene


25/107

7 $'NCI"NS "$ A %AR


26/107

7, Procuring !rau$ulently !ro' the patent o!!ice the regitration o! tra$e na'e1 tra$e'ar( orer)ice 'ar(, +/rau$ulent regitration#

AC'ISII"N R"'& RE&ISRAI"N

The right to a 'ar( are ac8uire$ through re$istrtio! 5ith the Hureau o!

Tra$e'ar(+ HT# o! the Intellectual Property O!!ice +IPO#,0o5e)er1 it i not neceary to ue the the 'ar( in co''erce in the Philippine +or

ele5here# &e!ore !iling the application 5ith the HT 1 T*e use o" mr' /ecomes !ecessr#o!l# "ter it *s /ee! "iled1

ne5 la5 re8uire an applicant or the regitrant to !ile a $eclaration o! actual ue o! the

'ar(1 5ith e)i$ence to that e!!ect1 5ithin three +7 year !ro' the !iling $ate o! theapplication (Sec. 127.2, IP+),

E**E"TS O* NON%USE

Circu'tance ariing in$epen$ently o! the 5ill o! the tra$e'ar( o5ner +-ec, QF41 IPL#1uch a 'ilitary coup1 or political change that i'pe$e co''erce,

Regitration i an a$'initrati)e act $eclaratory o! a pre*e3iting right that $oe not1 o!

itel!1 per!ect a tra$e'ar(1 !or 5hat $oe i ctul use,

Non*ue i a groun$ !or re'o)ing a 'ar( !ro' the regiter (Sec. 127.2, IP+),

E $"++"IN& ARE NOTE+I&I*+E $"R +ICENSIN&4

A 'ar( cannot &e regitere$ i! it"6, Conit o! i''oral1 $ecepti)e1 or can$alou 'atter1 or 'atter 5hich 'ay $iparage or

!alely ugget a connection 5ith peron1 li)ing or $ea$1 intitution1 &elie!1 or nationaly'&ol1 or &ring the' into conte'pt or $irepute%

9hether a 'ar( i i''oral1 can$alou or contrary to pu&lic $ecency i to &e acertaine$

!ro' the tan$point o! a u&tantial co'poite o! the general pu&lic,4, Conit o! the !lag or coat o! ar' or other inignia o! the Philippine or any o! it political

u&$i)iion1 or o! any !oreign nation1 or any i'ulation thereo!%7, Conit o! a na'e1 portrait or ignature i$enti!ying a particular li)ing in$i)i$ual e3cept &y

hi 5ritten conent1 or the na'e1 ignature1 or portrait o! a $eceae$ Prei$ent o! thePhilippine1 $uring the li!e o! hi 5i$o51 i! any1 e3cept &y 5ritten conent o! the 5i$o5%

., I i$entical 5ith a registered 'ar( &elonging to a $i!!erent proprietor or a 'ar( 5ith anearlier !iling or priority $ate1 in repect o!"

+i# the a'e goo$ or er)ice1 or+ii# cloely relate$ goo$ or er)ice1 or+iii# i! it nearly ree'&le uch a 'ar( a to &e li(ely to $ecei)e or cauecon!uion%

RE!ERSE C"N$'SI"N ta(e place 5hen a large ?unior uer 'a(e ue o! a 'ar( or ana'e con!uingly i'ilar to the 'ar( or a na'e o! a 'all enior uer1 occaioning thei'preion that the pro$uct o! the enior are thoe o! the ?unior1 or that the enior hao'eho5 &een a&or&e$ or 'erge$ into the ?unior,

The la5 intitute a :race !or the regitry o!!ice


27/107

the pu&lic at large1 inclu$ing (no5le$ge in the Philippine, 9hich ha &een o&taine$ a areult o! the pro'otion o! the 'ar(%

Protect e)en unregitere$ 'ar( an$ na'e,

Deal 5ith an applicant@ goo$ that are identical or si'ilarto thoe un$er a pre)ioulyregitere$ or pre)iouly 5ell*(no5n 'ar(, 9here the a'e ign i ue$ !or i$entical goo$1

there 5ill &e preu'ption o! the li(elihoo$ o! con!uion, (Sec. 17.1, IP+)

>, I i$entical 5ith1 or con!uingly i'ilar to1 or contitute a tranlation o! a 'ar( coni$ere$5ell*(no5n in accor$ance 5ith the prece$ing paragraph1 5hich i regitere$ in thePhilippine 5ith repect to goo$ or er)ice 5hich are not i'ilar to thoe 5ith repect to5hich regitration i applie$ !or" Pro)i$e$1 T&at use o- t&e 'ar/ in relation to t&osegoods or ser?ices ould indicate a connection (eteen t&ose goods or ser?ices6and t&e oner o- t&e registered 'ar/1Pro)i$e$ !urther1 That the interet o! the o5nero! the regitere$ 'ar( are li(ely to &e $a'age$ &y uch ue%

0i- rovi-ion /ea- >it0 oo/- or -ervice- /i--iiar fro t0o-e /i-o-e/ of un/er

t0e -ae ar@ or nae.

#"CRINE "$ #I+'I"N re!er to copying 5hich1 5hile not u!!iciently con!uing to $i)ertale in the hort run1 5ill ten$ to $i)ert the' in the long run &y 5ea(ening the intantaneou!a)ora&le aociation the pu&lic 'a(e 5ith highly regar$e$ pro$uct,

TESTS O* TRADE3AR2 IN*RIN9E3ENT

#"%INANC:ES

0OLI-TIC TE-T

* conit inee(ing out the'ain1 eentialor $o'inant!eature o! a'ar(,

* ta(e toc( o! theother !eature o!a 'ar(1 ta(inginto coni$erationthe entirety o! the'ar(,

Un$er the Do'inancy Tet1 i! the co'peting tra$e'ar( contain the 'ain or eential or$o'inant !eature o! another1 an$ con!uion an$ $eception i li(ely to reult1 in!ringe'entta(e place,

TRANSATIONS

There 5ill &e in!ringe'ent 5hen a tranlation o! a 5ell*(no5n 'ar( in the Philippine, or

internationally i ue$ !or i'ilar goo$ or pro$uct, There 5ill li(e 5ie &e in!ringe'ent 5hena tranlation o! a regitere$ 'ar( in the Philippine, i ue$ !or $ii'ilar goo$ or pro$uct,

#"CRINE "$ $"REI&N +AN&'A&E E'I!A+ENS * tate that Kthe !oreign e8ui)alent o!

a 'erely $ecripti)e Englih*language 5or$ i $ee'e$ to &e no 'ore regitra&le than theEnglih 5or$ itel!1 $epite the !act that the !oreign ter' 'ay not &e co''only (no5n to &egeneral pu&licK,

, I li(ely to 'ilea$ the pu&lic1 particularly a to the nature1 8uality1 characteritic orgeographical origin o! the goo$ or er)ice%


28/107

A 'ar( then 5ill not &e grante$ regitration that ugget a 8uality1 a characteritic or an

origin that the goo$ or er)ice $oe not poe,

, Conit e3clui)ely o! ign that are generic !or the goo$ or er)ice that they ee( toi$enti!y%

, Conit e3clui)ely o! ign or o! in$ication that ha)e &eco'e cuto'ary or uual to

$eignate the goo$ or er)ice in e)ery$ay language or in &ona !i$e an$ eta&lihe$tra$e practice%

It 'ut &e 'a$e clear that the !act that a ter' i generic $oe not per seren$er it non*

regitra&le, 9hat the la5 e3clu$e i the regitration o! a 'ar( that i generic relati)e to thegoo$ or pro$uct !or 5hich the 'ar( i ue$,

9here a 5or$ or a ter' 5a originally the u&?ect o! a tra$e'ar(1 &ut &eco'e o

aociate$ in the pu&lic 'in$ 5ith an article to 5hich it i applie$ an$ there&y &eco'e ageneric in$icator1 it can no longer &e protecte$,

6,Conit e3clui)ely o! ign or o! in$ication that 'ay er)e in tra$e to $eignate the (in$1

8uality1 8uantity1 inten$e$ purpoe1 )alue1 geographical origin1 ti'e or pro$uction o! thegoo$ or ren$ering o! the er)ice1 or other characteritic o! the goo$ or er)ice%

That 5hich 'ay rightly &e ai$ o! all can &e appropriate$ &y none,

66,Conit o! hape that 'ay &e neceitate$ &y technical !actor or &y the nature o! thegoo$ the'el)e or !actor that a!!ect their intrinic )alue%

64,Conit o! color alone1 unle $e!ine$ &y a gi)en !or'% or67,I contrary to pu&lic or$er or 'orality (Sec. 123.1, IP+).

Sec. 123.2. A regar$ ign or $e)ice 'entione$ in paragraph +?#1 +(# an$ +l#1 nothing hall

pre)ent the regitration o! any uch ign or $e)ice 5hich ha &eco'e $itincti)e1 in relation tothe goo$ !or 5hich regitration i re8uete$ a a reult o! the ue that ha)e &een 'a$e o! it inco''erce in the Philippine, The O!!ice 'ay accept a a prim "ciee)i$ence that the 'ar(ha &eco'e $itincti)e1 a ue$ in connection 5ith the applicantJ goo$ or er)ice inco''erce1 proo! o! u&tantially e3clui)e an$ continuou ue thereo! &y the applicant inco''erce in the Philippine !or !i)e +F# year &e!ore the $ate on 5hich the clai' o!$itincti)ene i 'a$e,

#"CRINE "$ SEC"N#AR: %EANIN&

9hile a generic1 in$icati)e or $ecripti)e 'ar( 5ill1 a a general rule1 &e $enie$ regitration1there i a circu'tance that 5ill allo5 it to &e regitere$1 thi i the $octrine o! econ$ary'eaning 5hich ha &een $e!ine$ a1 5hen a 'ar( ha &eco'e $itincti)e o! the applicantJgoo$ in co''erce an$1 an$ in the 'in$ o! the pu&lic1 in$icate a ingle ource to conu'er1it 'ay &e regitere$,

Re8uire'ent o! the $octrine"

6, The econ$ary 'eaning 'ut ha)e arien a a reult o! u&tantial co''ercial uein the Philippine,

4, The ue reult in the $itincti)ene o! the 'ar( ino!ar a the goo$ or thepro$uct are concerne$,

7, Pri'a !acie e)i$ence i proo! o! co''ercial ue in the Philippine F year &e!ore$ate o! clai',

,

RI9=TS "ON*ERRED

6, The right to the e3clui)e ue o! the 'ar( !or oneJ o5n goo$ or er)ice,


29/107

4, The right to pre)ent other !ro' the ue o! the a'e 'ar( !or i$entical goo$ or er)ice inthe coure o! tra$e,

7, The right to the e3clui)e ue o! oneJ alrea$y regitere$ 'ar( e)en !or goo$ or er)iceinto 5hich oneJ )enture e3pan$1 i! ue &y other !or $ii'ilar pro$uct i li(ely to $a'agethe &uine interet o! the !irt )enturer (Sec. 17, IP+).

The right1 &y Sec. 171 lat !or ten +6# year u&?ect to in$e!inite rene5al !or perio$ o!

ten year each,

The right to the ue o! a regitere$ tra$e'ar( 'ay &e licene$ to another peron1 natural or

?uri$ical1 ena&ling uch a party to pro$uce1 'ar(et1 $itri&ute an$ a$)ertie goo$ or er)ice&y the tra$e or er)ice 'ar( o! the licenor, -ec, 6F,6 ho5e)er re8uire that a licenore!!ecti)ely control the 8uality o! the goo$ or er)ice o! the licenee,

STANDIN9 TO SUE AND JURISDI"TION

The right to the ue o! the corporate or tra$e na'e i a property right1 a right in re'1 5hich

it 'ay aert an$ protect in any o! the court o! the 5orl$ e)en in ?uri$iction 5here it $oenot tranact &uine ?ut the a'e a it 'ay protect it tangi&le property1 real or peronalagaint trepa or con)erion,

-ec, 6> lea)e no $ou&t that a !oreign national or ?uri$ical peron 5ho i a national o! a

country that i party to a rele)ant con)ention to 5hich the Philippine, i alo a party 'ay&ring a ci)il or an a$'initrati)e action !or oppoition1 cancellation1 in!ringe'ent1 un!airco'petition or !ale $eignation o! origin an$ !ale $ecription1 regar$le o! it tatu +orlac( o! it# in the Philippine,1 an$ e)en i! uch an entity $oe not $o &uine in thePhilippine,

ELE;ENT- O/ T0E CRI;E O/ TRADE;AR IN/RINGE;ENT"

6, The $eceit!ul act o! gi)ing one@ goo$ the general appearance o! the goo$ o! another'anu!acturer or $ealer,

4, The $ecepti)e i'ilarity i either in the goo$ the'el)e1 in the tra$e $re1 in the 5or$or $e)ice1 or in any other !eature o! appearance,

7, The o!!en$er o!!er to ell or ell the goo$1 or gi)e other the opportunity to $o thea'e,

., An actual intent to $ecei)e the pu&lic or $e!rau$ the co'petitor,

PATENT

I a $ocu'ent1 iue$1 upon application1 &y a go)ern'ent o!!ice1 5hich $ecri&e an

in)ention an$ create a legal ituation in 5hich the patente$ in)ention can nor'ally only &ee3ploite$ +'anu!acture$1 ue$1 ol$1 i'porte$# 5ith the authori2ation o! the o5ner o! the patent

i an e3clui)e right ac8uire$ o)er an in)ention1 to ell1 ue an$ 'a(e the a'e 5hether !or

co''erce or in$utry,

#ISINCI"NS 4

PAEN C"P:RI& 9hen a peron1&y in$epen$entreearch arri)eat the a'epro$uct or thatalrea$y patente$1he i retraine$&y the ar' o! the

* It 'ay &e )ete$in a 5or( cloelyi'ilar or e)eni$entical to anearlier1 alrea$ypatente$ 5or(1pro)i$e$ that the!or'er i truly


30/107

la5 !ro'e3ploiting uchan in)ention &yreaon o! thepatent grante$the earlier

$ico)erer,

original1 ie,1 ito5e ite3itence to itcreator,

It 5ill &e re'e'&ere$ that 5hat i not patenta&le 'ay ne)erthele &e protecte$ un$er

copyright la5,

PATENTABIIT!

To &e patenta&le1 a pro$uct 'ut &e"a, a technical olution o! a pro&le' in any !iel$ o! hu'an acti)ity&, no)el

c, an in)ention$, in$utrially applica&le

Thee criteria 'ay apply to"a, pro$uct&, proceec, i'pro)e'ent o! either pro$uct or procee

PR"CESS conit o! an act1 operation1 or tep or a erie thereo!1 per!or'e$ upon apeci!ie$ u&?ect 'atter to pro$uce phyical reult,

5here the patent i !or a proce1 the la5 !or&i$ other !ro' uing the proce1 an$ alo

!ro' 'anu!acturing1 $ealing in 1 or i'porting any pro$uct o&taine$ $irectly or in$irectly !ro'uch proce,

PRODU"T%is/rod e!ou$* term to i!clude ever# output o" *um! i!$e!uit#% ever# t!$i/leresult o" cr"tsm!s*ip or prt!ers*ip1 It is to /e !oted t*t !ot ll products re

pte!t/le /ecuse !ot ll process t*e re>uireme!ts o" pte!t/ilit#1

I3PROVE3ENTS% to /e pte!t/le% t*e improveme!t s*ould /e !o!=o/vious to o!e s'illed i!t*e rt o" t*e ori$i!l i!ve!tio! !d is trul# !ovel1 I" it is merel# co!se>ue!ce o"

tec*!icl co!"i$urtio! o" t*e ori$i!l i!ve!tio! !d is t*us (su$$ested+ /# t*ei!ve!tio! itsel"% t*e improveme!t is still )it*i! t*e domi!io! o" t*e ori$i!l i!ve!tio!1

EMCLUDED /RO; PATENT PROTECTION"

6, $ico)erie1 cienti!ic theorie an$ 'athe'atical 'etho$4, che'e1 rule an$ 'etho$ o! per!or'ing 'ental act1 playing ga'e1 or $oing &uine1

an$ progra' !or co'puter7, 'etho$ !or treat'ent o! the hu'an &o$y or ani'al &o$y &y urgery or therapy an$

$iagnotic 'etho$ practice$ on the hu'an or ani'al &o$y,., Plant )arietie or ani'al &ree$ o! eentially &iological proce !or the pro$uction o! plant

or ani'alF, Aethetic creation>, Anything 5hich i contrary to pu&lic or$er or 'orality (Sec. 22#,

RE


31/107

(Prior rt+i peci!ie$ un$er -ec, 4.1 to 5it"a, that 5hich ha &een 'a$e a)aila&le to the pu&lic any5here in the 5orl$ &e!ore the

!iling $ate or the priority $ate o! application&, that 5hich !or' part o! an application 5hether !or patent1 utility 'o$el or in$utrial

$eigne$1 e!!ecti)e in the Philippine1 pro)i$e$ that"&,6, the in)entor or applicant are not the a'e

&,4, the content o! the application are pu&lihe$ in accor$ance 5ith there8uire'ent o! patent application rule&,7, the !iling $ate o! prior art I earlier

thu prior art i ynony'ou 5ith pre?u$icial $icloure

Sec. 2 RA 8293e'&o$ie the e3ception to prior art un$er the hea$ing :non*pre?u$icial$icloure< any $icloure o! the in)ention 'a$e 5ithin t5el)e +64# 'onth &e!ore the !iling$ate $oe not pre?u$ice the application i! the $icloure i 'a$e &y"

a, in)entor hi'el! +or &y anyone 5ho ha the right to patent1 Sec. 2, 2)&, patent o!!ice* 5hen the in!or'ation o! the latter o!!ice co'e another application !ile$

&y the in)entor that houl$ not ha)e &een $icloe$ &y the o!!ice

c, thir$ peron@ application 5hen uch peron in!or'ation $irectly in$irectly co'e!ro' the in)entor hi'el! 5ithout the in)entor@ per'iion1 or !ro' any thir$ peron5ho o&taine$ hi in!or'ation !ro' the in)entor,

2. IN!ENI!ENESS

7 an in)ention in)ol)e an in)enti)e tep i!1 ha)ing regar$ to prior act1 it i not o&)iou to a

peron (ille$ in the art at the ti'e o! the !iling $ate or priority $ate o! the applicationclai'ing the in)ention (Sec. 2D, RA 8293).

8 It i uggete$ that the tet o! non*o&)ioune &e purue$ in !our tep"

6, the cope an$

content o! the prior art are $eter'ine$4, the $i!!erence

&et5een the prior art an$ the clai' at iue are acertaine$7, the le)el o! or$inary

(ill in the pertinent art i reol)e$., againt thi

&ac(groun$1 the o&)ioune or non*o&)ioune o! the u&?ect 'atter i acertaine$(DH A% J'R 2/, Patent-, Sec. 177).

3. CAPA*+E "$ IN#'SRIA+ APP+ICAI"N

(RIPS, Sec. Art. 2, ar. 1)T5o re8uire'ent o! in$utrial applica&ility hall &e !ul!ille$"a, it can &e pro$uce$&, can &e ue$ in in$utry (Sec. 2)

9 The application hall $icloe the in)ention in a 'anner u!!iciently clear an$ co'plete !or

it to &e carrie$ out &y a peron (ille$ in the art,

accor$ing to TRIP-1 it i ynony'ou 5ith :use"ul+

(Sec. Art. 29 year 1, RIPS):an applicant !or a patent hall $icloe the in)ention in a'anner u!!iciently clear an$ co'plete !or the in)ention to &e carrie$ out &y a peron (ille$ inthe art an$ 'ay re8uire the applicant to in$icate the &et 'o$e !or carrying out the in)ention

(no5n to the in)entor at the !iling $ate, Pu&lic per!or'ance o! the 5or(% an$6,, Other co''unication to the pu&lic o! the 5or(,


34/107

2. SAN#AR# $"R C"P:RI&A*I+I:

"=IN9 2IAN ?s. "ABG,R, No, 677>, Augut 6F1 46

A peron to &e entitle$ to a copyright 'ut &e the original creator o! the 5or(, 0e 'ut ha)e

create$ it &y hi o5n (ill1 la&or an$ ?u$g'ent 5ithout $irectly copying or e)ai)ely i'itatingthe 5or( o! another,

SA3BAR ?s. EVI STRAUSSBG,R, No, 674>., ;arch >1 44

To &e entitle$ to copyright1 the thing &eing copyrighte$ 'ut &e original1 create$ &y the authorthrough hi o5n (ill1 la&or an$ ?u$g'ent1 5ithout $irectly copying or e)ai)ely i'itating the5or( o! another,

3. !ESIN& "$ C"P:RI&

-ECTION 64, iterar0 and Artistic Wor/s, 64,6, Literary an$ artitic 5or(1hereina!ter re!erre$ to a K5or(K1 are original intellectual creation in the literary an$artitic $o'ain protecte$ !ro' the 'o'ent o! their creation 3 3 3

64,4, 9or( are protecte$ &y the ole !act o! their creation1 irrepecti)eo! their 'o$e or !or' o! e3preion1 a 5ell a o! their content1 8uality an$ purpoe,

N*4 The rule enunciate$ in the cae o! S!tos vs1 8cCullou$* Pri!ti!$ Co1 an$Filipi!o Societ# o" Composers vs1 T!that" KParagraph 77 o! Patent O!!ice A$'initrati)eOr$er No, 7 +a a'en$e$1 $ate$ -epte'&er 61 6.# entitle$ JRule o! Practice in thePhilippine Patent O!!ice relating to the Regitration o! Copyright Clai'J pro'ulgate$

puruant to Repu&lic Act 6>F1 pro)i$e a'ong other thing that an intellectual creation houl$&e copyrighte$ thirty +7# $ay a!ter it pu&lication1 i! 'a$e in ;anila1 or 5ithin i3ty +># $ay i!'a$e ele5here1 !ailure o! 5hich ren$er uch creation pu&lic property1K i no longer goo$ la5,

7. SC"PE

-ECTION 64, iterar0 and Artistic Wor/s, 64,6, Literary an$ artitic 5or(1hereina!ter re!erre$ to a K5or(K1 are original intellectual creation in the literary an$ artitic$o'ain protecte$ !ro' the 'o'ent o! their creation an$ hall inclu$e in particular"+a# Hoo(1 pa'phlet1 article an$ other 5riting%

+ Perio$ical an$ ne5paper%+c# Lecture1 er'on1 a$$ree1 $iertation prepare$ !or oral $eli)ery1 5hether or notre$uce$ in 5riting or other 'aterial !or'%

+$# Letter%+e# Dra'atic or $ra'atico*'uical co'poition% choreographic 5or( or entertain'ent in

$u'& ho5%+!# ;uical co'poition1 5ith or 5ithout 5or$%+g# 9or( o! $ra5ing1 painting1 architecture1 culpture1 engra)ing1 lithography or other 5or(

o! art% 'o$el or $eign !or 5or( o! art%+h# Original orna'ental $eign or 'o$el !or article o! 'anu!acture1 5hether or not

regitra&le a an in$utrial $eign1 an$ other 5or( o! applie$ art%+i# Illutration1 'ap1 plan1 (etche1 chart an$ three*$i'enional 5or( relati)e to

geography1 topography1 architecture or cience%+?# Dra5ing or platic 5or( o! a cienti!ic or technical character%+(# Photographic 5or( inclu$ing 5or( pro$uce$ &y a proce analogou to photography%

lantern li$e%+l# Au$io)iual 5or( an$ cine'atographic 5or( an$ 5or( pro$uce$ &y a proce

analogou to cine'atography or any proce !or 'a(ing au$io*)iual recor$ing%+'# Pictorial illutration an$ a$)ertie'ent%


35/107

+n# Co'puter progra'% an$+o# Other literary1 cholarly1 cienti!ic an$ artitic 5or(,

SECI"N 13. 7erivtive Wor's1 13.1. 0e foo>in /erivative >or@- -0a a-o5e rotecte/ 5y coyri0t4

+a# Dra'ati2ation1 tranlation1 a$aptation1 a&ri$g'ent1 arrange'ent1 an$ other

alteration o! literary or artitic 5or(% an$+ Collection o! literary1 cholarly or artitic 5or(1 an$ co'pilation o! $ata an$ other'aterial 5hich are original &y reaon o! the election or coor$ination or arrange'ent o!their content,

. "NERSIP "$ C"P:RI&

-ECTION 6, Rules on "op0rig&t Oners&ip, Copyright o5nerhip hall &ego)erne$ &y the !ollo5ing rule"6,6 -u&?ect to the pro)iion o! thi ection1 in the cae o! original literary an$ artitic 5or(1

copyright hall &elong to the author o! the 5or(%6,4, In the cae o! 5or( o! ?oint authorhip1 the co*author hall &e the original o5ner o!

the copyright an$ in the a&ence o! agree'ent1 their right hall &e go)erne$ &y the ruleon co*o5nerhip, I!1 ho5e)er1 a 5or( o! ?oint authorhip conit o! part that can &e ue$eparately an$ the author o! each part can &e i$enti!ie$1 the author o! each part hall &e theoriginal o5ner o! the copyright in the part that he ha create$%

6,7, In the cae o! 5or( create$ &y an author $uring an$ in the coure o! hi e'ploy'ent1the copyright hall &elong to"+a# The e'ployee1 i! the creation o! the o&?ect o! copyright i not a part o! hi regular

$utie e)en i! the e'ployee ue the ti'e1 !acilitie an$ 'aterial o! the e'ployer,+ The e'ployer1 i! the 5or( i the reult o! the per!or'ance o! hi regularly*aigne$

$utie1 unle there i an agree'ent1 e3pre or i'plie$1 to the contrary,6,., In the cae o! a 5or( co''iione$ &y a peron other than an e'ployer o! the author

an$ 5ho pay !or it an$ the 5or( i 'a$e in puruance o! the co''iion1 the peron 5hoo co''iione$ the 5or( hall ha)e o5nerhip o! the 5or(1 &ut the copyright thereto hallre'ain 5ith the creator1 unle there i a 5ritten tipulation to the contrary%

6,F, In the cae o! au$io)iual 5or(1 the copyright hall &elong to the pro$ucer1 the author o!the cenario1 the co'poer o! the 'uic1 the !il' $irector1 an$ the author o! the 5or( oa$apte$, 0o5e)er1 u&?ect to contrary or other tipulation a'ong the creator1 thepro$ucer hall e3ercie the copyright to an e3tent re8uire$ !or the e3hi&ition o! the 5or( inany 'anner1 e3cept !or the right to collect per!or'ing licene !ee !or the per!or'ance o!'uical co'poition1 5ith or 5ithout 5or$1 5hich are incorporate$ into the 5or(% an$

6,>, In repect o! letter1 the copyright hall &elong to the 5riter u&?ect to the pro)iion o!Article 47 o! the Ci)il Co$e,

ARIC+E 23 (CI!I+ C"#E)4Letter an$ other pri)ate co''unication in 5riting are o5ne$&y the peron to 5ho' they are a$$ree$ an$ $eli)ere$1 &ut they cannot &e pu&lihe$ or$ie'inate$ 5ithout the conent o! the 5riter or hi heir, 0o5e)er1 the court 'ay authori2etheir pu&lication or $ie'ination i! the pu&lic goo$ or interet o! ?utice re8uire,

-ECTION 6, Anon0'ous and Pseudon0'ous Wor/s, /or purpoe o! thi Act1the pu&liher hall &e $ee'e$ to repreent the author o! article an$ other 5ritingpu&lihe$ 5ithout the na'e o! the author or un$er peu$ony'1 unle the contrary

appear1 or the peu$ony' or a$opte$ na'e lea)e no $ou&t a to the authorJ i$entity1 or i!the author o! the anony'ou 5or( $icloe hi i$entity,

ARTICLE F4 +CIVIL CODE#"A tra/ear@ or tra/e nae /uy rei-tere/ in t0e roerovernent 5ureau or office i- o>ne/ 5y an/ ertain- to t0e er-on, cororation, or

fir rei-terin t0e -ae, -u5Kect to t0e rovi-ion- of -ecia a>-.


36/107

D. "R


37/107

46F,4, In cae o! &roa$cat1 the ter' hall &e t5enty +4# year !ro' the $ate the &roa$cattoo( place, The e3ten$e$ ter' hall &e applie$ only to ol$ 5or( 5ith u&iting protectionun$er the prior la5,

8. +I%IAI"NS

-ECTION 6>, Wor/s o- t&e 9o?ern'ent. 6>,6, No copyright hall u&it in any5or( o! the Go)ern'ent o! the Philippine, 0o5e)er1 prior appro)al o! the go)ern'entagency or o!!ice 5herein the 5or( i create$ hall &e neceary !or e3ploitation o! uch5or( !or pro!it, -uch agency or o!!ice 'ay1 a'ong other thing1 i'poe a a con$ition thepay'ent o! royaltie, No prior appro)al or con$ition hall &e re8uire$ !or the ue o! anypurpoe o! tatute1 rule an$ regulation1 an$ peeche1 lecture1 er'on1 a$$ree1an$ $iertation1 pronounce$1 rea$ or ren$ere$ in court o! ?utice1 &e!ore a$'initrati)eagencie1 in $eli&erati)e ae'&lie an$ in 'eeting o! pu&lic character,

6>,4, The author o! peeche1 lecture1 er'on1 a$$ree1 an$ $iertation 'entione$ inthe prece$ing paragraph hall ha)e the e3clui)e right o! 'a(ing a collection o! hi 5or(,

6>,7, Not5ithtan$ing the !oregoing pro)iion1 the Go)ern'ent i not preclu$e$ !ro'recei)ing an$ hol$ing copyright tran!erre$ to it &y aign'ent1 &e8uet or other5ie% norhall pu&lication or repu&lication &y the Go)ern'ent in a pu&lic $ocu'ent o! any 5or( in5hich copyright i u&iting &e ta(en to caue any a&ri$g'ent or annul'ent o! thecopyright or to authori2e any ue or appropriation o! uch 5or( 5ithout the conent o! thecopyright o5ner,

-ECTION 6., i'itations on "op0rig&t. 6.,6, Not5ithtan$ing the pro)iion o!Chapter V1 the !ollo5ing act hall not contitute in!ringe'ent o! copyright"+a# The recitation or per!or'ance o! a 5or(1 once it ha &een la5!ully 'a$e accei&le to

the pu&lic1 i! $one pri)ately an$ !ree o! charge or i! 'a$e trictly !or a charita&le or

religiou intitution or ociety%+ The 'a(ing o! 8uotation !ro' a pu&lihe$ 5or( i! they are co'pati&le 5ith !air ue

an$ only to the e3tent ?uti!ie$ !or the purpoe1 inclu$ing 8uotation !ro' ne5paperarticle an$ perio$ical in the !or' o! pre u''arie" Pro)i$e$1 That the ource an$the na'e o! the author1 i! appearing on the 5or(1 are 'entione$%

+c# The repro$uction or co''unication to the pu&lic &y 'a 'e$ia o! article on currentpolitical1 ocial1 econo'ic1 cienti!ic or religiou topic1 lecture1 a$$ree an$ other5or( o! the a'e nature1 5hich are $eli)ere$ in pu&lic i! uch ue i !or in!or'ationpurpoe an$ ha not &een e3prely reer)e$" Pro)i$e$1 That the ource i clearlyin$icate$%

+$# The repro$uction an$ co''unication to the pu&lic o! literary1 cienti!ic or artitic 5or(

a part o! report o! current e)ent &y 'ean o! photography1 cine'atography or&roa$cating to the e3tent neceary !or the purpoe%

+e# The incluion o! a 5or( in a pu&lication1 &roa$cat1 or other co''unication to thepu&lic1 oun$ recor$ing or !il'1 i! uch incluion i 'a$e &y 5ay o! illutration !orteaching purpoe an$ i co'pati&le 5ith !air ue" Pro)i$e$1 That the ource an$ o!the na'e o! the author1 i! appearing in the 5or(1 are 'entione$%+!# The recor$ing 'a$e in chool1 uni)eritie1 or e$ucational intitution o! a 5or(inclu$e$ in a &roa$cat !or the ue o! uch chool1 uni)eritie or e$ucationalintitution" Pro)i$e$1 That uch recor$ing 'ut &e $elete$ 5ithin a reaona&le perio$a!ter they 5ere !irt &roa$cat" Pro)i$e$1 !urther1 That uch recor$ing 'ay not &e'a$e !ro' au$io)iual 5or( 5hich are part o! the general cine'a repertoire o!

!eature !il' e3cept !or &rie! e3cerpt o! the 5or(%

+g# The 'a(ing o! ephe'eral recor$ing &y a &roa$cating organi2ation &y 'ean o! ito5n !acilitie an$ !or ue in it o5n &roa$cat%

+h# The ue 'a$e o! a 5or( &y or un$er the $irection or control o! the Go)ern'ent1 &y theNational Li&rary or &y e$ucational1 cienti!ic or pro!eional intitution 5here uchue i in the pu&lic interet an$ i co'pati&le 5ith !air ue%

(i) 0e u5ic erforance or t0e counication to t0e u5ic of a >or@, in a ace>0ere no a/i--ion fee i- c0are/ in re-ect of -uc0 u5ic erforance or


38/107

counication, 5y a cu5 or in-titution for c0arita5e or e/ucationa uro-eony, >0o-e ai i- not rofit a@in, -u5Kect to -uc0 ot0er iitation- a- ay

5e rovi/e/ in t0e Reuation-+?# Pu&lic $iplay o! the original or a copy o! the 5or( not 'a$e &y 'ean o! a !il'1 li$e1

tele)iion i'age or other5ie on creen or &y 'ean o! any other $e)ice or proce"Pro)i$e$1 That either the 5or( ha &een pu&lihe$1 or1 that the original or the copy

$iplaye$ ha &een ol$1 gi)en a5ay or other5ie tran!erre$ to another peron &ythe author or hi ucceor in title% an$+(# Any ue 'a$e o! a 5or( !or the purpoe o! any ?u$icial procee$ing or !or the gi)ing o!

pro!eional a$)ice &y a legal practitioner,6.,4, The pro)iion o! thi ection hall &e interprete$ in uch a 5ay a to allo5 the 5or( to

&e ue$ in a 'anner 5hich $oe not con!lict 5ith the nor'al e3ploitation o! the 5or( an$$oe not unreaona&ly pre?u$ice the right hol$erJ legiti'ate interet,

-ECTION 6, Reproduction o- Pu(lis&ed Wor/. 6,6, Not5ithtan$ing thepro)iion o! -ection 61 an$ u&?ect to the pro)iion o! -u&ection 6,41 the pri)aterepro$uction o! a pu&lihe$ 5or( in a ingle copy1 5here the repro$uction i 'a$e &y a

natural peron e3clui)ely !or reearch an$ pri)ate tu$y1 hall &e per'itte$1 5ithout theauthori2ation o! the o5ner o! copyright in the 5or(,

6,4, The per'iion grante$ un$er -u&ection 6,6 hall not e3ten$ to the repro$uction o!"+a# A 5or( o! architecture in the !or' o! &uil$ing or other contruction%

(5) An entire 5oo@, or a -u5-tantia art t0ereof, or of a u-ica >or@ in ra0icfor 5y rerora0ic ean-

+c# A co'pilation o! $ata an$ other 'aterial%+$# A co'puter progra' e3cept a pro)i$e$ in -ection 6% an$+e# Any 5or( in cae 5here repro$uction 5oul$ unreaona&ly con!lict 5ith a nor'al

e3ploitation o! the 5or( or 5oul$ other5ie unreaona&ly pre?u$ice the legiti'ateinteret o! the author, +n#

SECI"N 188. Repro$rp*ic Reproductio! /# Li/rries1 188.1. Not>it0-tan/in t0erovi-ion- of Su5-ection 1.D, any i5rary or arc0ive >0o-e activitie- are not for

rofit ay, >it0out t0e aut0oriLation of t0e aut0or of coyri0t o>ner, a@e a -inecoy of t0e >or@ 5y rerora0ic rero/uction4

+a# 9here the 5or( &y reaon o! it !ragile character or rarity cannot &e lent to uer in itoriginal !or'%+ 9here the 5or( are iolate$ article containe$ in co'poite 5or( or &rie!portion o! other pu&lihe$ 5or( an$ the repro$uction i neceary to upply the'15hen thi i coni$ere$ e3pe$ient1 to peron re8ueting their loan !or purpoe o!reearch or tu$y intea$ o! len$ing the )olu'e or &oo(let 5hich contain the'% an$

+c# 9here the 'a(ing o! uch a copy i in or$er to preer)e an$1 i! neceary in thee)ent that it i lot1 $etroye$ or ren$ere$ unua&le1 replace a copy1 or to replace1 inthe per'anent collection o! another i'ilar li&rary or archi)e1 a copy 5hich ha &eenlot1 $etroye$ or ren$ere$ unua&le an$ copie are not a)aila&le 5ith the pu&liher,

6,4, Not5ithtan$ing the a&o)e pro)iion1 it hall not &e per'ii&le to pro$uce a )olu'e o!a 5or( pu&lihe$ in e)eral )olu'e or to pro$uce 'iing to'e or page o! 'aga2ine ori'ilar 5or(1 unle the )olu'e1 to'e or part i out o! toc(" Pro)i$e$1 That e)ery li&rary5hich1 &y la51 i entitle$ to recei)e copie o! a printe$ 5or(1 hall &e entitle$1 5hen pecialreaon o re8uire1 to repro$uce a copy o! a pu&lihe$ 5or( 5hich i coni$ere$ neceary!or the collection o! the li&rary &ut 5hich i out o! toc(,

-ECTION 6, Reproduction o- "o'puter Progra', 6,6, Not5ithtan$ing thepro)iion o! -ection 61 the repro$uction in one +6# &ac(*up copy or a$aptation o! aco'puter progra' hall &e per'itte$1 5ithout the authori2ation o! the author o!1 or othero5ner o! copyright in1 a co'puter progra'1 &y the la5!ul o5ner o! that co'puter progra'"Pro)i$e$1 That the copy or a$aptation i neceary !or"

+a# The ue o! the co'puter progra' in con?unction 5ith a co'puter !or the purpoe1an$ to the e3tent1 !or 5hich the co'puter progra' ha &een o&taine$% an$


39/107

+ Archi)al purpoe1 an$1 !or the replace'ent o! the la5!ully o5ne$ copy o! theco'puter progra' in the e)ent that the la5!ully o&taine$ copy o! the co'puterprogra' i lot1 $etroye$ or ren$ere$ unua&le,

6,4, No copy or a$aptation 'entione$ in thi -ection hall &e ue$ !or any purpoe otherthan the one $eter'ine$ in thi -ection1 an$ any uch copy or a$aptation hall &e$etroye$ in the e)ent that continue$ poeion o! the copy o! the co'puter progra'

ceae to &e la5!ul,6,7, Thi pro)iion hall &e 5ithout pre?u$ice to the application o! -ection 6F 5hene)erappropriate,

-ECTION 6, I'portation -or Personal Purposes. 6,6, Not5ithtan$ing thepro)iion o! -u&ection 6,>1 &ut u&?ect to the li'itation un$er the -u&ection 6F,41 thei'portation o! a copy o! a 5or( &y an in$i)i$ual !or hi peronal purpoe hall &e per'itte$5ithout the authori2ation o! the author o!1 or other o5ner o! copyright in1 the 5or( un$er the!ollo5ing circu'tance"+a# 9hen copie o! the 5or( are not a)aila&le in the Philippine an$"

+i# Not 'ore than one +6# copy at one ti'e i i'porte$ !or trictly in$i)i$ual ue only%

or+ii# The i'portation i &y authority o! an$ !or the ue o! the Philippine Go)ern'ent%

or(iii) 0e iortation, con-i-tin of not ore t0an t0ree (3) -uc0 coie- or

i@ene--e- in any one invoice, i- not for -ae 5ut for t0e u-e ony of anyreiiou-, c0arita5e, or e/ucationa -ociety or in-titution /uy incororate/or rei-tere/, or i- for t0e encouraeent of t0e fine art-, or for any -tate

-c0oo, coee, univer-ity, or free u5ic i5rary in t0e P0iiine-.+ 9hen uch copie !or' part o! li&rarie an$ peronal &aggage &elonging to peron

or !a'ilie arri)ing !ro' !oreign countrie an$ are not inten$e$ !or ale" Pro)i$e$1 Thatuch copie $o not e3cee$ three +7#,

9. $AIR 'SE

-ECTION 6F, *air Use o- a "op0rig&ted Wor/. 6F,6, The !air ue o! a copyrighte$5or( !or critici'1 co''ent1 ne5 reporting1 teaching inclu$ing 'ultiple copie !orclaroo' ue1 cholarhip1 reearch1 an$ i'ilar purpoe i not an in!ringe'ent o!copyright, Deco'pilation1 5hich i un$ertoo$ here to &e the repro$uction o! the co$e an$tranlation o! the !or' o! the co'puter progra' to achie)e the inter*opera&ility o! anin$epen$ently create$ co'puter progra' 5ith other progra' 'ay alo contitute !air ue,In $eter'ining 5hether the ue 'a$e o! a 5or( in any particular cae i !air ue1 the !actor

to &e coni$ere$ hall inclu$e"+a# The purpoe an$ character o! the ue1 inclu$ing 5hether uch ue i o! aco''ercial nature or i !or non*pro!it e$ucational purpoe%

+ The nature o! the copyrighte$ 5or(%+c# The a'ount an$ u&tantiality o! the portion ue$ in relation to the copyrighte$ 5or(

a a 5hole% an$+$# The e!!ect o! the ue upon the potential 'ar(et !or or )alue o! the copyrighte$ 5or(,

6F,4, The !act that a 5or( i unpu&lihe$ hall not &y itel! &ar a !in$ing o! !air ue i! uch!in$ing i 'a$e upon coni$eration o! all the a&o)e !actor,

=ABANA et al. ?s. ROBES and 9OODWI TRADIN9 "O.6 IN". BG,R, No, 676F44, uly61 6$ienting opinion1 DAVIDE

/air ue ha &een $e!ine$ a a pri)ilege to ue the copyrighte$ 'aterial in a reaona&le'anner 5ithout the conent o! the copyright o5ner or a copying the the'e or i$ea ratherthan their e3preion, No 8uetion o! !air or un!air ue arie ho5e)er1 i! no copying i pro)e$to &egin 5ith, Thi i in cononance 5ith the principle that there can &e no in!ringe'ent i! there


40/107

5a no copying, It i only 5here o'e !or' o! copying ha &een ho5n that it &eco'eneceary to $eter'ine 5hether it ha &een carrie$ to an Kun!air1K that i1 illegal1 e3tent,

1H.ASSI&N%EN

-ECTION 6, Rig&ts o- Assignee. 6,6, The copyright 'ay &e aigne$ in 5hole orin part, 9ithin the cope o! the aign'ent1 the aignee i entitle$ to all the right an$re'e$ie 5hich the aignor ha$ 5ith repect to the copyright,

6,4, The copyright i not $ee'e$ aigne$ inter )i)o in 5hole or in part unle there i a5ritten in$ication o! uch intention,

6,7, The u&'iion o! a literary1 photographic or artitic 5or( to ane5paper1 'aga2ine or perio$ical !or pu&lication hall contitute only a licene to 'a(e aingle pu&lication unle a greater right i e3prely grante$, I! t5o +4# or 'ore peron

?ointly o5n a copyright or any part thereo!1 neither o! the o5ner hall &e entitle$ to grantlicene 5ithout the prior 5ritten conent o! the other o5ner or o5ner,

-ECTION 66, "op0rig&t and 3aterial O(@ect. The copyright i $itinct !ro' theproperty in the 'aterial o&?ect u&?ect to it, Cone8uently1 the tran!er or aign'ent o! thecopyright hall not itel! contitute a tran!er o! the 'aterial o&?ect, Nor hall a tran!er oraign'ent o! the ole copy or o! one or e)eral copie o! the 5or( i'ply tran!er oraign'ent o! the copyright,

-ECTION 64, *iling o- Assign'ent or icense. An aign'ent or e3clui)e licene'ay &e !ile$ in $uplicate 5ith the National Li&rary upon pay'ent o! the precri&e$ !ee !orregitration in &oo( an$ recor$ (ept !or the purpoe, Upon recor$ing1 a copy o! theintru'ent hall &e returne$ to the en$er 5ith a notation o! the !act o! recor$, Notice o! therecor$ hall &e pu&lihe$ in the IPO Ga2ette,

-ECTION 67, Designation o- Societ0, The copyright o5ner or their heir 'ay$eignate a ociety o! artit1 5riter or co'poer to en!orce their econo'ic right an$ 'oralright on their &ehal!,

11.RE&ISRAI"N

-ECTION 66, Registration and Deposit it& National i(rar0 and t&eSupre'e "ourt i(rar0. A!ter the !irt pu&lic $ie'ination o! per!or'ance &y authority o!the copyright o5ner o! a 5or( !alling un$er -u&ection 64,61 64,4 an$ 64,7 o! thi Act1

there hall1 !or the purpoe o! co'pleting the recor$ o! the National Li&rary an$ the -upre'eCourt Li&rary1 5ithin three +7# 5ee(1 &e regitere$ an$ $epoite$ 5ith it1 &y peronal $eli)eryor &y regitere$ 'ail t5o +4# co'plete copie or repro$uction o! the 5or( in uch !or' a the$irector o! ai$ li&rarie 'ay precri&e, A certi!icate o! $epoit hall &e iue$ !or 5hich theprecri&e$ !ee hall &e collecte$ an$ the copyright o5ner hall &e e3e'pt !ro' 'a(inga$$itional $epoit o! the 5or( 5ith the National Li&rary an$ the -upre'e Court Li&rary un$erother la5, I!1 5ithin three +7# 5ee( a!ter receipt &y the copyright o5ner o! a 5ritten $e'an$!ro' the $irector !or uch $epoit1 the re8uire$ copie or repro$uction are not $eli)ere$ an$the !ee i not pai$1 the copyright o5ner hall &e lia&le to pay a !ine e8ui)alent to the re8uire$!ee per 'onth o! $elay an$ to pay to the National Li&rary an$ the -upre'e Court Li&rary thea'ount o! the retail price o! the &et e$ition o! the 5or(, Only the a&o)e 'entione$ clae o!

5or( hall &e accepte$ !or $epoit &y the National Li&rary an$ the -upre'e Court Li&rary,

12.IN$RIN&E%EN

-ECTION 46>, Re'edies -or In-ringe'ent. 46>,6, Any peron in!ringing a rightprotecte$ un$er thi la5 hall &e lia&le"


41/107

+a# To an in?unction retraining uch in!ringe'ent, The court 'ay alo or$er the$e!en$ant to $eit !ro' an in!ringe'ent1 a'ong other1 to pre)ent the entry into thechannel o! co''erce o! i'porte$ goo$ that in)ol)e an in!ringe'ent1 i''e$iatelya!ter cuto' clearance o! uch goo$,+ Pay to the copyright proprietor or hi aign or heir uch actual $a'age1inclu$ing legal cot an$ other e3pene1 a he 'ay ha)e incurre$ $ue to the

in!ringe'ent a 5ell a the pro!it the in!ringer 'ay ha)e 'a$e $ue to uchin!ringe'ent1 an$ in pro)ing pro!it the plainti!! hall &e re8uire$ to pro)e ale onlyan$ the $e!en$ant hall &e re8uire$ to pro)e e)ery ele'ent o! cot 5hich he clai'1or1 in lieu o! actual $a'age an$ pro!it1 uch $a'age 5hich to the court hallappear to &e ?ut an$ hall not &e regar$e$ a penalty,

+c# Deli)er un$er oath1 !or i'poun$ing $uring the pen$ency o! the action1 upon uchter' an$ con$ition a the court 'ay precri&e1 ale in)oice an$ other $ocu'ente)i$encing ale1 all article an$ their pac(aging allege$ to in!ringe a copyright an$i'ple'ent !or 'a(ing the',+$# Deli)er un$er oath !or $etruction 5ithout any co'penation all in!ringing copieor $e)ice1 a 5ell a all plate1 'ol$1 or other 'ean !or 'a(ing uch in!ringing

copie a the court 'ay or$er,

+e# -uch other ter' an$ con$ition1 inclu$ing the pay'ent o! 'oral an$ e3e'plary$a'age1 5hich the court 'ay $ee' proper1 5ie an$ e8uita&le an$ the $etructiono! in!ringing copie o! the 5or( e)en in the e)ent o! ac8uittal in a cri'inal cae,

21D.2. In an infrineent action, t0e court -0a a-o 0ave t0e o>er to or/er t0e -eiLurean/ ioun/in of any artice >0ic0 ay -erve a- evi/ence in t0e court

rocee/in-.

-ECTION 46, "ri'inal Penalties. 46,6, Any peron in!ringing any right ecure$ &ypro)iion o! Part IV o! thi Act or ai$ing or a&etting uch in!ringe'ent hall &e guilty o! a

cri'e puniha&le &y"+a# I'prion'ent o! one +6# year to three +7# year plu a !ine ranging !ro' /i!ty thouan$

peo +PF1# to One hun$re$ !i!ty thouan$ peo +P6F1# !or the !irt o!!ene,+ I'prion'ent o! three +7# year an$ one +6# $ay to i3 +># year plu a !ine ranging

!ro' One hun$re$ !i!ty thouan$ peo +P6F1# to /i)e hun$re$ thouan$ peo+PF1# !or the econ$ o!!ene,+c# I'prion'ent o! i3 +># year an$ one +6# $ay to nine +# year plu a !ineranging !ro' !i)e hun$re$ thouan$ peo +PF1# to One 'illion !i)e hun$re$thouan$ peo +P61F1# !or the thir$ an$ u&e8uent o!!ene,

+$# In all cae1 u&i$iary i'prion'ent in cae o! inol)ency,46,4, In $eter'ining the nu'&er o! year o! i'prion'ent an$ the

a'ount o! !ine1 the court hall coni$er the )alue o! the in!ringing 'aterial that the$e!en$ant ha pro$uce$ or 'anu!acture$ an$ the $a'age that the copyright o5ner hau!!ere$ &y reaon o! the in!ringe'ent,

46,7, Any peron 5ho at the ti'e 5hen copyright u&it in a 5or( ha in hi poeion anarticle 5hich he (no51 or ought to (no51 to &e an in!ringing copy o! the 5or( !or thepurpoe o!"+a# -elling1 letting !or hire1 or &y 5ay o! tra$e o!!ering or e3poing !or ale1 or hire1 the

article%+ Ditri&uting the article !or purpoe o! tra$e1 or !or any other purpoe to an e3tent that

5ill pre?u$ice the right o! the copyright o5ner in the 5or(% or+c# Tra$e e3hi&it o! the article in pu&lic1 hall &e guilty o! an o!!ene an$ hall &e lia&le on

con)iction to i'prion'ent an$ !ine a a&o)e 'entione$,

-ECTION 46, A--ida?it E?idence. 46,6, In an action un$er thi Chapter1 an a!!i$a)it'a$e &e!ore a notary pu&lic &y or on &ehal! o! the o5ner o! the copyright in any 5or( orother u&?ect 'atter an$ tating that"+a# At the ti'e peci!ie$ therein1 copyright u&ite$ in the 5or( or other u&?ect 'atter%+ 0e or the peron na'e$ therein i the o5ner o! the copyright% an$


42/107

+c# The copy o! the 5or( or other u&?ect 'atter anne3e$ thereto i a true copy thereo!1hall &e a$'itte$ in e)i$ence in any procee$ing !or an o!!ene un$er thi Chapteran$ hall &e pri'a !acie proo! o! the 'atter therein tate$ until the contrary i pro)e$1an$ the court &e!ore 5hich uch a!!i$a)it i pro$uce$ hall au'e that the a!!i$a)it5a 'a$e &y or on &ehal! o! the o5ner o! the copyright,

218.2. In an action under t&is "&apter1

+a# Copyright hall &e preu'e$ to u&it in the 5or( or other u&?ect 'atter to 5hich theaction relate i! the $e!en$ant $oe not put in iue the 8uetion 5hether copyrightu&it in the 5or( or other u&?ect 'atter% an$

+ 9here the u&itence o! the copyright i eta&lihe$1 the plainti!! hall &e preu'e$to &e the o5ner o! the copyright i! he clai' to &e the o5ner o! the copyright an$ the$e!en$ant $oe not put in iue the 8uetion o! hi o5nerhip,+c# 9here the $e!en$ant1 5ithout goo$ !aith1 put in iue the 8uetion o! 5hethercopyright u&it in a 5or( or other u&?ect 'atter to 5hich the action relate1 or theo5nerhip o! copyright in uch 5or( or u&?ect 'atter1 there&y occaioningunneceary cot or $elay in the procee$ing1 the court 'ay $irect that any cot tothe $e!en$ant in repect o! the action hall not &e allo5e$ &y hi' an$ that any cot

occaione$ &y the $e!en$ant to other partie hall &e pai$ &y hi' to uch otherpartie,

-ECTION 46, Presu'ption o- Aut&ors&ip. 46,6, The natural peron 5hoe na'ei in$icate$ on a 5or( in the uual 'anner a the author hall1 in the a&ence o! proo! tothe contrary1 &e preu'e$ to &e the author o! the 5or(, Thi pro)iion hall &e applica&lee)en i! the na'e i a peu$ony'1 5here the peu$ony' lea)e no $ou&t a to the i$entityo! the author,

46,4, The peron or &o$y corporate 5hoe na'e appear on a au$io*)iual 5or( in the uual'anner hall1 in the a&ence o! proo! to the contrary1 &e preu'e$ to &e the 'a(er o! ai$5or(,

SECI"N 22H. I!ter!tio!l Re$istrtio! o" Wor's1 A -tateent concernin a >or@,recor/e/ in an internationa rei-ter in accor/ance >it0 an internationa treaty to >0ic0t0e P0iiine- i- or ay 5ecoe a arty, -0a 5e con-true/ a- true unti t0e contrary i-

rove/ e?cet444,6, 9here the ta

Documents

IPL Commercial Law Reviewer