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IPCC Tier - definition

IPCC Tier - definition · oversee the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme (IPCC-NGGIP). The core activity is to: develop and refine an internationally-agreed methodology

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IPCC Tier - definition

What is the UNFCCC?

Adopted in 1992, entered into force in 1994. 196 signatory countries (2014)

provides a framework for negotiating specific international treaties (called "protocols") that may set binding limits on greenhouse gases.

One of the first tasks set by the UNFCCC was for signatory nations to establish national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories which include both emissions and removals

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Goal and objectives of the UNFCCC

What is the overall goal?

“ to protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of mankind. ”

What are the further objectives?

“ to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. ”

What is the IPCC?

Established by WMO and UNEP in 1988

Open to all member countries of the United Nations

Does not conduct research or monitor but assessment of published

literature

Provide rigorous and balanced scientific information to decision-makers

IPCC reports are policy relevant and policy neutral; they are never policy

prescriptive

Nobel Peace Prize winner in 2007

Introduction

Role of the IPCC

To assess on a comprehensive, objective and transparent basis the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of climate change, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation

IPCC organization

Task force on national GHG inventories (TFI)

Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) was established by the IPCC to oversee the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme (IPCC-NGGIP).

The core activity is to:

develop and refine an internationally-agreed methodology for the calculation and reporting of national GHG emissions and removals

encourage its use by countries participating in the IPCC and by parties of UNFCCC.

The NGGIP also established and maintains an Emission Factor Database.

Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories

What are the IPCC guidelines?

IPCC Guidelines for national GHG inventories

Consistent methods for countries to account for:

- GHG emissions

- Changes in carbon stocks

- Changes in land use that result in changes in GHG emissions and/or carbon stocks

For all sectors including:

energy; transport; buildings; industry; agriculture, forestry, and other land-use (AFOLU); and waste management

IPCC guidelines for national GHG inventories for land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF)

2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National

Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventory

2003 Good Practice Guidance (GPG) for Land Use, Land-Use

Change and Forestry

Definitions and Methodological Options to Inventory Emissions

from Direct Human-induced Degradation of Forests and

Devegetation of Other VegetationTypes

2000 IPCC Good Practice Guidance (GPG) and Uncertainty

Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

1996 IPCC Revised Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas

Inventory

GHG inventory: Agriculture, forestry and other land use

Forest land Cropland Grassland

SettlementsWetlands Other Lands

ha/year x tonne/ha = tonne/year

Estimation of carbon emissions and removals involve two factors:

What is a Tier?

• A tier represents a level of methodological complexity

• Tier 1 is the basic method

• Tier 2 is intermediate

• Tier 3 is the most demanding in term of complexity and data requirements

MORE ACCURATE

3 hierarchical methodological tiers (IPCC Def)

Tier 1: A simple first order approach (GLOBAL DEFAULT) that uses spatially coarse default data

based on globally available data characterized by large uncertainties and sometimes with

methods involving several simplifying assumptions;

Tier 2: A more accurate approach (LOCAL DEFAULT) substituting country or region specific values for

the general defaults and more disaggregated activity data characterized by relatively smaller

uncertainties;

Tier 3: Higher order methods involving detailed modeling and/or inventory measurement systems

driven by data at a greater resolution that provide estimates with lower uncertainties than the

previous two methods.

(GPG-LULUCF and 2006 Guidelines )

IPCC tier 1 biomass values

The default carbon fraction = 0.47 Source: IPCC (2006)

IPCC tier 2 biomass values of Thailand

Source: Kasetsart University Faculty of Forestry [KUFF] (2010)

Tier 2

Carbon stock in aboveground biomass of forest in Thailand

in 2008 (Tier 1)

TIER1 TIER 2

ABG biomass CF carbon stock ABG biomass CF carbon stock

FOREST TYPE (t dry matter/ha) (tC/ha) (t dry matter/ha) (tC/ha)

Evergreen 280 0.47 132 238 0.48 114

Mangrove 192 0.451 87 174 0.47 82

Mixed Deciduous 180 0.47 85 198 0.49 97

Dry dipterocarp 130 0.47 61 106 0.51 54

2.1. DeforestationAEZ map Zone 1 = Tropical rain forest Zone 2 = Tropical moist deciduous forest Zone 3 = Tropical dry forest Zone 4 = Tropical shrubland

Type of vegetation HWP# Fire Use? Forested area (ha) Deforested area (ha) Balance

that will be deforested (tDM/ha) (y/n) Start Without * With * Without With Without With

Forest Zone 1 0 NO 2000 0 D 2000 D 2000 0 385,502 0 -385,502

Mangrove 0 NO 1000 0 D 1000 D 1000 0 161,550 0 -161,550

Forest Zone 2 0 NO 500 0 D 500 D 500 0 58,748 0 -58,748

Forest Zone 3 0 NO 50 0 D 50 D 50 0 4,540 0 -4,540

Select the vegetation 0 NO 0 0 D 0 D 0 0 0 0 0

Select the vegetation 0 NO 0 0 D 0 D 0 0 0 0 0

Select the vegetation 0 NO 0 0 D 0 D 0 0 0 0 0

Select the vegetation 0 NO 0 0 D 0 D 0 0 0 0 0

#Harvested Wood Products * Note concerning dynamics of change : "D" corresponds to default/linear, "I" to immediate and "E" to exponential (Please refer to the guidelines)

Total Deforestation 610,340 0 -610,340

Total Emissions (tCO2-eq)

Set aside

Set aside

Set aside

Select Use after deforestation

Final use after deforestation

Set aside

Select Use after deforestation

Select Use after deforestation

Select Use after deforestation

?

Tier 2

???

Uncertainty level

% of uncertainty

Without 610,340 37.2

With 0

Net balance -610,340 37.2

Gross fluxes

Use this part only if you want to refine the analysis with Tier 2 coefficients.

(default values are provided for your information only, while EX-ACT will use Tier 2 values automatically wherever specified)

Type of vegetation

that will be deforested Above-ground

Default Tier 2

Forest Zone 1 131.6 114.4

Forest Zone 2 84.6 96.8

Forest Zone 3 61.1 54.3

Forest Zone 4 28.2

Plantation Zone 1 70.5

Plantation Zone 2 56.4

Plantation Zone 3 28.2

Plantation Zone 4 14.1

Mangrove 86.6 81.6

2.1. DeforestationAEZ map Zone 1 = Tropical rain forest Zone 2 = Tropical moist deciduous forest Zone 3 = Tropical dry forest Zone 4 = Tropical shrubland

Type of vegetation HWP# Fire Use? Forested area (ha) Deforested area (ha) Balance

that will be deforested (tDM/ha) (y/n) Start Without * With * Without With Without With

Forest Zone 1 0 NO 2000 0 D 2000 D 2000 0 351,003 0 -351,003

Mangrove 0 NO 1000 0 D 1000 D 1000 0 156,597 0 -156,597

Forest Zone 2 0 NO 500 0 D 500 D 500 0 64,860 0 -64,860

Forest Zone 3 0 NO 50 0 D 50 D 50 0 4,198 0 -4,198

Select the vegetation 0 NO 0 0 D 0 D 0 0 0 0 0

Select the vegetation 0 NO 0 0 D 0 D 0 0 0 0 0

Select the vegetation 0 NO 0 0 D 0 D 0 0 0 0 0

Select the vegetation 0 NO 0 0 D 0 D 0 0 0 0 0

#Harvested Wood Products * Note concerning dynamics of change : "D" corresponds to default/linear, "I" to immediate and "E" to exponential (Please refer to the guidelines)

Total Deforestation 576,658 0 -576,658

Total Emissions (tCO2-eq)

Set aside

Set aside

Set aside

Select Use after deforestation

Final use after deforestation

Set aside

Select Use after deforestation

Select Use after deforestation

Select Use after deforestation

?

Tier 2

???

Uncertainty level

% of uncertainty

Without 576,658 20.0

With 0

Net balance -576,658 20.0

Gross fluxes

C-balance Tier 1 = -610,340C-balance Tier 2 = -576,658Difference = 33,682 tCO2-e

Use this part only if you want to refine the analysis with Tier 2 coefficients.

(default values are provided for your information only, while EX-ACT will use Tier 2 values automatically wherever specified)

Type of vegetation

that will be deforested Above-ground

Default Tier 2

Forest Zone 1 131.6 114.4

Forest Zone 2 84.6 96.8

Forest Zone 3 61.1 54.3

Forest Zone 4 28.2

Plantation Zone 1 70.5

Plantation Zone 2 56.4

Plantation Zone 3 28.2

Plantation Zone 4 14.1

Mangrove 86.6 81.6

Reduced uncertainty

Notes about UNCERTAINTIES

%

* Low uncertainty 10

** Moderate uncertainties 20

*** High uncertainties 33

**** Very high uncertainty 50

EX-ACT calculations are either on default coefficients (Tier 1 approach) or values provided by the user (Tier 2 approach). A single project may use

a combination of Tier 1 and Tier 2 approaches. It is thus extremely difficult to provide uncertainties associated with the values provided by EX-

ACT. Most default coefficients are associated with large to extremely large uncertainties. However, as it is important to have an idea of the

uncertainties the table below provide indication of the minimum level of uncertainty are user may expect. The following representation of the level

of uncertainties was used:

Indication of the level of uncertainty expected

Components of the Project Main approach used CO2 N2O CH4 CO2 N2O CH4

Biomass Soil Biomass Soil

Deforestation ** ** * * 93582 21697 53 0

Forest Degradation *** **** ** ** 0 0 0 0

Afforestation and Reforestation *** **** ** ** 0 0 0 0

Non Forest Land Use Change *** **** ** ** 0 0 0 0

Agriculture

** **** ** ** 0 0 0 0

**** **** ** ** 0 0 0 0

** **** ** ** 0 0 0 0

Grassland ** **** ** ** 0 0 0 0

Organic soils and peatlands *** **** **** **** 0 0 0 0Other GHG Emissions

*** *** 0 0

*** --- 0 ---

*** --- 0 ---

Coastal Wetlands --- *** 0 0 --- 0

Fishery&Aquaculture **** --- 0 ---

Problem of permanency may arise Total uncertainty 115332

***Tier 1

0***

Annual Crops

Agroforestry/Perennial Crops

Rice

Other Investments

Livestock

Inputs

Tier 1

**

CO2 (other)

---

0Tier 2 0

---

***Tier 1

Tier 1

Tier 1

CO2 (other)

Tier 2

Tier 1

Tier 1

Tier 1

Tier 1

Tier 1

Tier 1

Tier 1

With Tier 2 uncertainty decreases by on *

Take away note

When do we switch to Tier 2 coefficients• Whenever it is possible when land areas are altered due to the analyzed project

processes• Local and country/region specific data (biomass, soil C content, emissions factors in

livestock …) will lead to a higher degree of precision and accuracy and reduce uncertainty on the GHG appraisal

• When you decide to use Tier 2 ALWAYS justify your assumptionsThis will give substance to the reasoning behind the C appraisal and could facilitate potential revisions (MRV)

• According to GEF guidelines only TIER 1 is recommended