Upload
gherzy25
View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 1/22
Foundation Course on IP
IP: An Intangible PropertyBy:
Antonio A.R. Mendoza
Legal and Policy Consultant
7 February 2011
Cebu City, Philippines
1
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 2/22
OUTLINE
Intellectual Property as an Intangible
Types of Intellectual Property Rights
Economic Rationale of the Patent System
2
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 3/22
TANGIBLE VS. INTANGIBLE
Tangible property± discernible by
the senses
Intangible property ± incapable of
being perceived by the senses
3
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 4/22
Intellectual property is a set of legal
rights that results from intellectual
activity in the industrial, literary, scientific
and artistic fields; they do not apply tothe physical object but instead to the
intellectual creation as such.
4
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 5/22
Civil Code of the Philippines:
Article 712. Ownership is acquired by occupation
and intellectual creation.
5
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 6/22
Intellectual property is governed by a special law,
Republic Act 8293 (IP Code). Under the IP Code,the term intellectual property right consists of:
1. Copyright and Related Rights
2. Trademarks and Service Marks3. Geographic Indications
4. Industrial Designs
5. Patents
6. Layout-Designs or Topographies of IntegratedCircuits
7. Protection of Undisclosed Information
6
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 7/22
Trademark
A trademark is a sign or symbol that
distinguishes the goods or services of one
enterprise from another in commerce. It is a
word, device, symbol used to indicate the origin,
quality and ownership of a product or service.
Purposes of trademark: (1) indicate the source or
origin of goods or services; (2) distinguish the
goods or services from those offered by another;
(3) assure that the goods are of a certain quality;
(4) provide consumers with a tool in making
decisions about the purchase of goods. 7
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 8/22
Businesses use marks to indicate that thegoods came from them and that the goods
are of a certain quality.
The decision of consumers to purchaseone product over another depends mostly
on the marks carried by such goods, hence,
the importance of providing a legal
infrastructure for the protection of marks.
8
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 9/22
Copyright
Copyright consists of a bundle of rights granted to
authors and artists to protect expressive works
against unauthorized reproduction or distribution by
third parties. It protects original works of authorship,
including literary, artistic and other works.
Copyright is based on the principle of
idea/expression dichotomy, which means that while
the authors have the right to their original expression,
the public is encouraged to build upon ideas
conveyed by a work.
9
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 10/22
Patent
A set of rights granted to the inventor of a product
or process that is new, involves an inventive step
and is capable of industrial application.
A grant from the government that permits theowner to exclude others from making, using, or
selling an invention.
A negative right since it affords the right to exclude
others from making, using, selling or importing a
patented invention.
10
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 11/22
Examples of inventions
door lock, by Linus Yale, 1844
sewing machine, Isaac Singer, 1855
telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, 1876
electric light, Thomas Edison, 1880
11
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 12/22
Examples of inventions
roll film camera, George Eastman, 1888
shaving razor, King Gillette, 1904
airplane, Wilbur and Orville Wright, 1906
12
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 13/22
The mobile phone was invented by Motorola in 1973.
The current mobile phone that we are using now may
contain hundreds of patents for the internal antenna, the
screen, the keypad, the battery, etc.
13
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 14/22
³He refuses to make such machine available
to the public in order that the fruit of his
genius and skill may not be reaped byanother without his will and consent; and that
if he enjoyed some prerogative concerning
this, he would open up what he is hiding, and
would disclose it to all.´
Preamble to Filippo¶s patent reads:
14
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 15/22
Why was there a need to demand state intervention
before the inventor agreed to release knowledge or
information about his invention?
Isn¶t it that knowledge or information is a public goodthat is available to everyone?
15
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 16/22
Non-Rivalrous
Non-Excludable
Fundamental nature of information
16
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 17/22
Information may be enjoyed by others at the same
time.
Non-rivalrous
Consumption of a public good by one person doesnot leave less for any other consumer.
Consumption of the good by one individual does
not reduce its availability for consumption by
others.
17
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 18/22
Information cannot be provided
privately, as it would be difficult, if not
entirely impossible, to exclude others
from enjoying a public good.
Costs of excluding non-paying
beneficiaries who consume the good are
so high that no profit-making firm wouldsupply the good.
Non-excludable
18
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 19/22
The non-rivalrous and non-excludable characteristics
of information give rise to the problem of free riders.
Free riders are those who exploit the information
without contributing to its creation.
Once information is out, you cannot take it back.
19
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 20/22
What is the significance of IP as an intangible
property?
In today¶s knowledge economy, intangibles
represent 80% of a company¶s assets, while
tangibles represent only 20%.
20
8/3/2019 IP_An Intangible Atty Antonio Aldrin R. Mendoza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ipan-intangible-atty-antonio-aldrin-r-mendoza 21/22
21