IPA lessons 1 and 2

8/12/2019 IPA lessons 1 and 2

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IPA

The International Phonetic

Alphabet

Lesson 1


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This short course will review the role that IPA

plays in teaching English as a foreign

language.

We will cover the following topics:

pronunciation of the English vowels andconsonants

the relationship between spelling and sound

the schwa sound //applying IPA inyour classroom


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The IPA Chart


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Consonants

A consonant sound is made by blocking the

air as it leaves the mouth. The tongue, lips,

teeth and voice all work differently whenproducing each sound.

INSERT DIAGRAM OF PHYSIOLOGICALASPECTS OF PRONUNCIATION


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Plosives /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/

These sounds are made by blocking the air

in the mouth followed by an expulsion of air

[INSERT MECHANIC DIAGRAM]


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Lets Practice!

Plosive Initial Final

/p/ park stop

/b/ best lob/t/ time might

/d/ done paid

/k/ cart lake

/g/ guide flag


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Nasal /m/ /n/ //

These sounds are made partly through the

nose

[INSERT MECHANIC DIAGRAM]


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Lets Practice

NASAL INTITIAL FINAL

/m/ main lime

/n/ no rain

/ / x sing


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Activity- Mingle


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Review

Today we covered plosives

/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/

and nasals:

/m/ /n/ / /


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See you tomorrow! [IPA Typeface]


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IPA


Alphabet

Lesson 2


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Review

Yesterday, we covered plosives and nasals.

/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/

/m/ /n/ / /

Today we will be focusing on fricatives and

affricates


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Fricatives- /f/ /v/ // // /s/ /z/ // //

Fricative sounds are made by pushing the

air through a gap in the mouth, creating a

friction sound.These are the sounds that are mostly

responsible for pronunciation issues

[MECHANIC PHYSIOLOGY DIAGRAM]


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Lets Practice

FRICATIVE Initial Final

/f/ fine knife

/v/ van leave

// think path

// those bathe

/s/ sort pass

/z/ zone cheese

// ship marsh

// x measure


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Affricates // //

Affricates an affricate sound is made when a

plosive is followed by a fricative

[MECHANIC DIAGRAM HERE]


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Lets Practice

AFFRICATE Initial Final

// chart itch

// giant page


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Activity

Concentration


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Review

Today we covered fricatives:

/f/ /v/ // // /s/ /z/ // //

and affricates:

// //


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IPA


Alphabet

Lesson 3


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Review

Yesterday, we covered fricative sounds:

/f/ /v/ // // /s/ /z/ // //

and affricate sounds:// //

Today we will cover the final two types of

consonant sounds, approximants and glottal

sounds.


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Approximants /w/ /r/ /j/ /l/ /--/

Approximants are between a vowel and a

consonant because the air in the mouth is

not fully blocked.

[INSERT MECHANICAL DIAGRAM]


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Lets Practice

APPROXIMANT INTITIAL FINAL

/w/ wall x

/r/ right x

/j/ yes x

/l/ /--/ like fall


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Glottal sounds- /h/ /--/

glottal sounds are

produced in the glottis

[DIAGRAM]Glottal Initial Final

/h/ hate x

/--/ x what

Lets Practice


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ACTIVITYWrite and Say


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Review

Today we practiced using the approximant

sounds:

/w/ /r/ /j/ /l/ /--/

and the glottal sounds:/h/ /--/


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IPA


Alphabet

Lesson 4


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Consonant Sounds Review

In lessons 1-3, we

learned about the

different consonant

sounds in the Englishlanguage

Butcan you recall the

names of the consonant

groups?

FRICATIVE

GLOTTAL

APPROXIMANT AFFRICATE

NASAL

PLOSIVE


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Vowel Sounds- How many vowels

are there?

IPA VOWEL CHART


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Vowel Sounds

Vowel sounds shape the flow of air in the

mouth.

[DIAGRAM]


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How many vowels are there in the

English language?

There are 19 vowel sounds in English

These sounds are split into two main

categories:

1. MONOTHONGS (12)

2. DIPHTHONGS (7)

Monothongs require 1 mouth position and

diphthongs require 2 mouth positions.


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But Wait

If we look at the vowel section of the IPA

chart, we see that there are 21 symbols!

/A/ and /B/ are known as regional variations

and may only be used in certain places

where English is the first language!


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Lets Practice

Short Sounds Long Sounds Diphthong

Sounds

// cat

/e/ left

// thin

// lost

// love

// look

/:/ heart

/i:/ need

/u:/ food

/:/ turn

/:/ bored

/e/ pave

// boy

/a/ time

// road

/a/ down

// beard

/e/ chair


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ActivityDivide and Conquer


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How many did you get right?

SHORT LONG DIPHTHONG

/ht/ HOT /l:f/ LAUGH / sad/ SAID

/tp/ CHIP /w:n/ WORN / mmnt/ MOMENT

/west/ WEST /mi:n/ MACHINE / rand/ ROUND

/sn/ SUN /lu:z/ LOSE / tz/ CHEESE

/bk/ BOOK /:/ ARE / we/ WHERE

/ht/ HAT /b:d/ BIRD / n/ ANNOY

/hv/ HAVE /mi:t/ MEAT


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Review

Today we covered vowels in English

We learned that:

there are 19 pure sounds and 2 regional

variations

the vowels are classified as monothongsand diphthongs

when pronounced monothongs have onemouth position and that diphthongs havetwo.


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IPA


Alphabet

Lesson 5


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Review

So far, we have covered the IPA symbols for

each of the consonant and vowel sounds

that make up the English sound system

Today we will cover spelling and sound


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Spelling and Sound

Look at the words below

LOSE LOOSE

What is the difference in both meaning and

pronunciation of these words?


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Spelling and Sound

The difference is:

lose - /lu:z/= Verb meaning the opposite of win.

loose - /lu:s/= Adjective meaning the opposite of

tight.

When pronouncing the two words, loose will

sound slightly shorter even though it is spelt witha double o. This is because the /s/ sound

shortens the vowel.


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Spelling and Sound

As English is not phonetically written, it can

create pronunciation issues for learners.

An < s > in written English can be pronounced /s/ or /z/in spoken English. There are some rules for this,but with many words, you have to learn which

pronunciation is correct.

This is a key reason why we need to teach IPA in ourclassrooms!


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Lets Practice

/s/ and /z/ create many pronunciation issues,

especially for Chinese learners.

So lets practice these sounds!


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/s/ /z/

lease, loose, lights, its,

whats, crease, pass,

stop, chase

plays, lose, was, peas,

is, us, please,

as, hes, whos

Remember, if you do not know what sound to produce, you can always check

the IPA using your dictionary, electronic translator or the web!


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IPA

So far we have focused on pronunciation

and learned a little about how to apply IPA

in class.

In this part of the lesson we will look at IPA,

and how we can apply it in ways that are funin our classrooms.


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IPA: Not just for speaking!

IPA is not only a tool that can be used to

develop pronunciation and speaking skills, it

is also one

that can be used to aid development across

all four language skills.

How can IPA be linked to the four language

skills?


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IPA & the Four Skills

Speaking, IPA is mostly used to allows us toaccess the pronunciation of words

Reading, if we come across a word we do notknow we can reference it in a dictionary. There

we use IPA to internally produce and store theword

Writing, the more we learn words and theirpronunciation, the more productive and creativewe can be in our writing.

Listening, the more we practice IPA the moreaware we become of the sounds and this allowsus to become more effective and active listeners


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Review

Today we highlighted the link between IPA,

spelling and sound.

We also linked IPA to all four skills of

English.


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IPA


Alphabet

Lesson 6


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What is the most common sound inEnglish?

It is the schwa sound //

When written it can be written as:a,e,i,o or u


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Schwa //

The schwa // is the most common

sound in English and it is found in

the unstressed syllablesof words.

To form the schwa, your mouth should berelaxed with your jaw slightly open with

your tongue resting in the middle. Whenyou produce the sound do not move your

lips


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ACTIVITY

Say it, Match it!



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Category IPA Written Form

colour /p:pl/ purple

city /mdrd/ Madrid

fruit /bn:n/ banana

vegetable /krt/ carrot

animal /elfnt/ elephant

soccer hero /devdbekm/ David Beckham

sport /knu:./ canoeing

country /p:tgl/ Portugal

make of car /msedz/ Mercedes


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More schwa practice.

Listen and underline the schwa sounds in

each word.


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Answers

England

mother

potato

bottomless

congratulations

darken

particular

London

rememberthe // is found

in the unstressed syl lables

of words.


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Review

Today we focused in the most common

sound in the English language,

the schwa //.

We identified that it is found in the

unstressed syllables of words.


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IPA


Alphabet

Lesson 7


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Review

Over the last six lessons we discussed the

IPA chart and reviewed the sounds of English.

We have also looked at how IPA can be used

across the four language skills.

Today we are going to have fun with IPA!


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Tongue Twisters


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IPA Running Dictation


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IPA Jeopardy.


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Discussion

Is IPA important to you?

Is IPA a necessary skill for your students

to develop?

Which activities will your try with your

students? Why?


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Final Words

IPA is a skill, it is one that takes time to

perfect but once you know it you can apply

it many different areas of both your

teaching and further learning of English.

Documents

IPA lessons 1 and 2