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POLY ENGINEERING3-5

7 FEB 2011

What are some options for disposing of used fuel rods? What are the pros and cons for each option?

Drill Answer on a separate sheet of

paper

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POLY ENGINEERING3-5

1. Non-renewable1. Fossil Fuels

Coal, Natural Gas, Petroleum (Oil)2. Nuclear – Uranium ore

2. RenewableBiofuels, Biomass, Geothermal, Hydro, Solar, Tidal, Wave, Wind

Fuel Types

Topic 1

Energy Sources – Fuels

We’ll get to the rest in “Power Plants”

DONE

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POLY ENGINEERING3-5

1. Fuels produced from renewable resources2. Renewable Resources:

A natural resource replenished by natural processes at a rate comparable or faster than its rate of consumption by humans or other users.

Renewable Fuels

Topic 1

Energy Sources – Fuels

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POLY ENGINEERING3-5

Renewable Fuels – Biofuel

1. Any fuel with 80% content by volume of materials derived from living organisms

2. Ford’s “Model T” – 1st affordable automobile – designed to run on ethanol

3. The diesel engine – invented 1897 – was designed to run on biodiesel

4. Biofuel is a form of stored solar energy5. Biodegradable

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Renewable Fuels – Biofuel

1. Bio Waste – biogas (methane)1) Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)2) Sewage sludge3) Animal waste and manure4) Used oils

2. Edible FoodsAnimal fats, vegetable oils, seeds, corn, wheat,

sugar beets, sugar cane, etc.

Sources

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Renewable Fuels – Biofuel

3. Algae1) Can grow far from farmlands and forests,

minimizing damage to those ecosystems/food chains

2) Can be grown in sewages to digest pollutants and give oil

Sources (cont.)

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Renewable Fuels – Biofuel

1. Vegetable Oil 1) Lower quality (not quite edible) used for fuel oil2) Restaurant cooking oil sold/stolen and used

2. Alcohol1) Methanol, Ethanol (most common), Propanol,

Butanol2) Energy content comparable to gasoline3) “Flexfuel” systems can run on gasoline or ethanol

Biofuel Types

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Renewable Fuels – Biofuel

2. Alcohols (cont.)4) E85 – most common type – 85% ethanol, 15%

gasoline.5) Chemical Formula:

1. Methane = CH4

2. Methanol = CH4O = CH3OH

3. Ethane = C2H6

4. Ethanol = C2H6O = C2H5OH

Biofuel Types

Alcohol

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3. Biodiesel- Energy from oils of vegetables, animals, and

algae- Can run on existing diesel engines- Similar energy as gasoline

Renewable Fuels – Biofuel Biofuel Types

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Renewable Fuels – Biofuel Biofuel Types - Biodiesel

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4. Biogas 1) Flammable gas from bacterial digestion of organic

materiala) Anaerobic digestionb) Decaying organic material

2) Landfills and other biodegradable wastes3) Cow manure

Renewable Fuels – Biofuel Biofuel Types

5. Solid Biofuels – Biomass 1) Natural products like wood2) Can be burned as firewood or pellet stove

Wood pellet stove

U.S. Biofuel Production

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1980/01 1985/06 1990/91 1995/96 2000/01 2005/06 2010/11

Billion gallons

Ethanol Biodiesel

Note: 2006/07 through 2010/11 are projected based on the February 9, 2007, World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates, the March 2, 2007, Grains and Oilseeds Outlook 2007, and the February 2007 USDA Agricultural Projections to 2016.

U.S. Maintains Corn Exports as Ethanol and Corn Production Expands

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

MM

T

Corn production Exports Corn use for ethanol

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With one partner make a Pro/Con list for each type of energy discussed in Unit 3 (Coal, Natural Gas, Petroleum, Nuclear, Biofuels). List at least three items.

Brainstorm ideas for how energy has changed society in the past 100 years in the areas of Social, Political, Economic, Environmental and Cultural. What would society be like without these energy sources.

Classwork/Homework