Ionizing Radiation. Locations of ionizing radiation in our facility v Type, quantity, and use v Radioactive material is any material that emits, by spontaneous

Ionizing Ionizing RadiationRadiation

Locations of ionizing Locations of ionizing radiation in our facilityradiation in our facility

Type, quantity, and useType, quantity, and use

Radioactive material is any Radioactive material is any material that emits, by material that emits, by spontaneous nuclear spontaneous nuclear disintegration, corpuscular or disintegration, corpuscular or electromagnetic emanationselectromagnetic emanations

1a

Restricted/high radiation Restricted/high radiation areas - definitionsareas - definitions

Restricted areaRestricted area

Unrestricted areaUnrestricted area

Radiation areaRadiation area

High radiation areaHigh radiation area

2a


Airborne radioactivity areaAirborne radioactivity area

Air doseAir dose

DoseDose

RadRad

2b


RemRem

Refer to section on Refer to section on signs and markingssigns and markings

2c

Potential safety problemsPotential safety problems

Exposed personnelExposed personnel

Hazards of the facilityHazards of the facility

Materials handledMaterials handled

3a

Potential safety problemsPotential safety problems

Exposures in restricted areas are Exposures in restricted areas are strictly limitedstrictly limited

Instances where employees may Instances where employees may receive doses greater than those receive doses greater than those permittedpermitted

3b

Minimizing employee Minimizing employee exposureexposure

SurveysSurveys

Evaluation of radiation hazardsEvaluation of radiation hazards

Use, release, disposal, presence of Use, release, disposal, presence of radioactive materialradioactive material

4a

Minimizing employee Minimizing employee exposureexposure

Physical surveysPhysical surveys

Employee participationEmployee participation

Proper storageProper storage

Waste disposal requirementsWaste disposal requirements

4b

MonitoringMonitoring

Monitoring equipmentMonitoring equipment• Film badgesFilm badges• Pocket chambersPocket chambers• Pocket dosimetersPocket dosimeters• Film ringsFilm rings

5a

MonitoringMonitoring

Employees required to have Employees required to have personal monitoring equipment:personal monitoring equipment:• Those who work in restricted areasThose who work in restricted areas• Those who work in restricted areas Those who work in restricted areas

who are under 18 years of agewho are under 18 years of age• Those who work in high radiation Those who work in high radiation

areasareas

5b

Signs and markingsSigns and markings

Radiation areas must have signs Radiation areas must have signs bearing the radiation caution bearing the radiation caution symbol and the words:symbol and the words:

6a


High radiation areas must have a High radiation areas must have a sign or signs bearing the radiation sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol and the words:caution symbol and the words:

6b


Each high radiation area has a Each high radiation area has a control device that:control device that:• reduces the radiation levelreduces the radiation level• starts a conspicuous visible or audible starts a conspicuous visible or audible

alarm signalalarm signal

Devices are not required for radiation Devices are not required for radiation levels established for a period of 30 levels established for a period of 30 days or lessdays or less

6c


Airborne radiation areas must have Airborne radiation areas must have a sign or signs bearing the a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol and the radiation caution symbol and the words:words:

6d


Regardless of designation, each Regardless of designation, each room where radioactive material is room where radioactive material is used or stored in specific used or stored in specific quantities must have a sign or quantities must have a sign or signs with:signs with:

6e


Each room in which natural Each room in which natural uranium or thorium is stored in uranium or thorium is stored in specific quantities must have a specific quantities must have a sign with:sign with:

6f


Posting exemptionsPosting exemptions• Presence of sealed sourcesPresence of sealed sources• Rooms with patients containing Rooms with patients containing

radioactive materialradioactive material• Rooms containing radioactive Rooms containing radioactive

materials for periods less than 8 materials for periods less than 8 hourshours

6g


Posting exemptionsPosting exemptions• Materials are constantly attended by Materials are constantly attended by

an individualan individual• The area is subject to the employer’s The area is subject to the employer’s

controlcontrol

6h

Warning signal systemsWarning signal systems

LocationLocation

Characteristics - must be distinctCharacteristics - must be distinct

Systems are automatic and have Systems are automatic and have their own power supplytheir own power supply

7a

Reports and recordsReports and records

Records of radiation exposure are Records of radiation exposure are reviewed for employees for whom reviewed for employees for whom monitoring is requiredmonitoring is required

Individual exposure is reviewed Individual exposure is reviewed and reported on an annual basisand reported on an annual basis

8a

Reports and recordsReports and records

Employees who leave the company Employees who leave the company can get a copy of exposure reportscan get a copy of exposure reports

Incident reporting requirementsIncident reporting requirements

Requirements for employees not Requirements for employees not covered by the Nuclear Regulatory covered by the Nuclear Regulatory CommissionCommission

8b

Standard operating Standard operating proceduresprocedures

A copy of the standard must be A copy of the standard must be made available to employeesmade available to employees

9a

Documents

Ionizing Radiation. Locations of ionizing radiation in our facility v Type, quantity, and use v Radioactive material is any material that emits, by spontaneous