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Ionic Compound FormulasIonic Compound Formulas
www.lab-initio.com
IonsIonsIonsIons
Cation: A positive ionCation: A positive ionMgMg2+2+, NH, NH44
++
Anion: A negative ionAnion: A negative ionClCl, SO, SO44
22
Cation: A positive ionCation: A positive ionMgMg2+2+, NH, NH44
++
Anion: A negative ionAnion: A negative ionClCl, SO, SO44
22
Predicting Ionic ChargesPredicting Ionic Charges
Group 1Group 1::Lose 1 electron to form Lose 1 electron to form 1+1+ ions ions
HH++ LiLi++ NaNa++ KK++
Predicting Ionic ChargesPredicting Ionic Charges
Group 2Group 2::Loses 2 electrons to form Loses 2 electrons to form 2+2+ ions ions
BeBe2+2+ MgMg2+2+ CaCa2+2+ SrSr2+2+ BaBa2+2+
Predicting Ionic ChargesPredicting Ionic ChargesGroup 13Group 13:: Loses 3 Loses 3 electrons to form electrons to form 3+3+ ions ions
BB3+3+ AlAl3+3+ GaGa3+3+
Predicting Ionic ChargesPredicting Ionic ChargesGroup 14Group 14:: Lose 4 Lose 4 electrons or gain electrons or gain 4 electrons?4 electrons?
Neither!Neither! Group 13 Group 13 elements rarely elements rarely form ions.form ions.
Predicting Ionic ChargesPredicting Ionic ChargesGroup 15Group 15:: Gains 3 Gains 3 electrons to form electrons to form 3-3- ions ions
NN3-3-
PP3-3-
AsAs3-3-
NitridePhosphide
Arsenide
Predicting Ionic ChargesPredicting Ionic ChargesGroup 16Group 16:: Gains 2 Gains 2 electrons to form electrons to form 2-2- ions ions
OO2-2-
SS2-2-
SeSe2-2-
Oxide
SulfideSelenide
Predicting Ionic ChargesPredicting Ionic ChargesGroup Group 1717:: Gains 1 Gains 1 electron to form electron to form 1-1- ions ions
FF1-1-
ClCl1-1-
BrBr1-1-
Fluoride
Chloride
Bromide
II1-1- Iodide
Predicting Ionic ChargesPredicting Ionic ChargesGroup 18Group 18:: Stable Stable Noble gases Noble gases do do notnot form ions! form ions!
Predicting Ionic ChargesPredicting Ionic ChargesGroups 3 - Groups 3 - 1212::
Many transition elements Many transition elements have more than one possible oxidation have more than one possible oxidation state.state.Iron(II) = Fe2+ Iron(III) = Fe3+
Predicting Ionic ChargesPredicting Ionic ChargesGroups 3 - Groups 3 - 1212::
Some Some transitiontransition elements elements have only one possible oxidation state.have only one possible oxidation state.
Zinc = Zn2+ Silver = Ag+
Writing Ionic Compound Writing Ionic Compound FormulasFormulas
Example: Barium nitrate
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
BaBa2+2+ NONO33--
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.
Not balanced!
( )( ) 22
Writing Ionic Compound Writing Ionic Compound FormulasFormulas
Example: Ammonium sulfate
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
NHNH44++ SOSO44
2-2-
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.
Not balanced!
( )( )22
Writing Ionic Compound Writing Ionic Compound FormulasFormulas
Example: Iron(III) chloride
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
FeFe3+3+ ClCl--
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.
Not balanced!
33
Writing Ionic Compound Writing Ionic Compound FormulasFormulas
Example: Aluminum sulfide
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
AlAl3+3+ SS2-2-
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.
Not balanced!
22 33
Writing Ionic Compound Writing Ionic Compound FormulasFormulas
Example: Magnesium carbonate
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
MgMg2+2+ COCO332-2-
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
They are balanced!
Writing Ionic Compound Writing Ionic Compound FormulasFormulas
Example: Zinc hydroxide
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
ZnZn2+2+ OHOH--
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.
Not balanced!
( )( )22
Writing Ionic Compound Writing Ionic Compound FormulasFormulas
Example: Aluminum phosphate
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
AlAl3+3+ POPO443-3-
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
They ARE balanced!
Naming Ionic CompoundsNaming Ionic CompoundsNaming Ionic CompoundsNaming Ionic CompoundsCation first, then anionCation first, then anion
Monatomic cation = name of the Monatomic cation = name of the elementelement
CaCa2+2+ = calcium ion = calcium ion
Monatomic anionMonatomic anion == rootroot + + -ide-ideClCl == chlorchlorideide
CaClCaCl22 = calcium chloride = calcium chloride
Cation first, then anionCation first, then anion
Monatomic cation = name of the Monatomic cation = name of the elementelement
CaCa2+2+ = calcium ion = calcium ion
Monatomic anionMonatomic anion == rootroot + + -ide-ideClCl == chlorchlorideide
CaClCaCl22 = calcium chloride = calcium chloride
Naming Ionic CompoundsNaming Ionic Compounds(continued)(continued)
Naming Ionic CompoundsNaming Ionic Compounds(continued)(continued)
some metal forms more than one cationsome metal forms more than one cation use use Roman numeral Roman numeral in namein name
PbClPbCl22
PbPb2+2+ is cation is cation
PbClPbCl22 = lead(II) chloride = lead(II) chloride
some metal forms more than one cationsome metal forms more than one cation use use Roman numeral Roman numeral in namein name
PbClPbCl22
PbPb2+2+ is cation is cation
PbClPbCl22 = lead(II) chloride = lead(II) chloride
Metals with multiple oxidation Metals with multiple oxidation statesstates