Ionic bonding: Li + OIonic bonding: Li + O

1e-

[ O ]2–[Li]2+

6e- 2e-

8n0 8p+

1e-

3p+

4n02e-1e-

3p+

4n02e-1e-

8e- 2e-

8n0 8p+

3p+

4n02e-

3p+

4n02e-

2Li + O [Li]2+[O]2– or 4Li + O2 2[Li]2

+[ O]2–

OLi

Li

1e-

17p+

18n07e- 8e- 2e-

13p+

14n0 2e- 8e-3e-

17p+

18n07e- 8e- 2e-

17p+

18n07e- 8e- 2e-

Ionic bonding: Al + ClIonic bonding: Al + Cl

1e-

1e-17p+

18n08e- 8e- 2e-

17p+

18n08e- 8e- 2e-

17p+

18n08e- 8e- 2e-13p+

14n0 2e- 8e-

Ionic bonding: Al + ClIonic bonding: Al + Cl

[ Cl ]3–[Al]3+

Al + 3Cl [Al]3+[Cl]3–

Cl

Al Cl

Cl

Covalent bondingCovalent bonding• Thus far we have looked at when atoms

bond due to the transfer of electrons• An ionic bond forms when an atom has a

greater attraction for e–s than a second atom• However, if two atoms have approximately

the same pull on electrons, they share the electrons (forming a “covalent” bond)

• Read “Covalent bonding” and “Covalent bonding continued”. Do Q7.

Covalent bondingCovalent bondingQ7

CCl4 - Covalent

C

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

HCl - Covalent

H Cl

MgF2 - Ionic

[ F ]2– [Mg]2+

H2O - Covalent

H O H

NH3 - Covalent

H N H

H

NaCl - Ionic

[ Cl ]– [Na] +

OH– - Covalent

O H

H2 - Covalent

H H

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Multiple Multiple bondsbonds

Do Q. 8. Build models of molecules, O3 as challenge (can’t build it or ionic)

HCl - Covalent

H Cl H Cl

CO2 - Covalent

C OO

Na2O - Ionic

[ O ]2– [Na]2+

H N H

H

H N H

H

OO

OO

O2 - Covalent

OO C

II

II

I2 - Covalent

[ O ]32– [Al]2

3+

Al2O3 - Ionic

NH3 - Covalent

OO O

O OO

O3 - Covalent

H C H

H

H

H C H

H

H