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INVOLVEMENT OF NATIONAL WEATHER CENTER
in
ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION
MEASUREMENT (ARM) PROGRAM
of
U.S. Department of Energy
1991-2010
Kimpel Retirement Symposium
June 18, 2010
HISTORICAL MILESTONES
ARM genesis in late 1980s NAS/NRC Report
Site Scientist was late inclusion in ARM planning
Early 1991 -- unsuccessful U.S. ARM “Site” RFP
Mid 1991 -- ARM discussions with Universities (including a visit to J. Kimpel) August 1991 -- (1) ARM selects SGP as U.S. site; (2) revised Site Scientist RFP; (3) ARM leaders hold information meeting near OKC Airport
October 1991 -- (1) NWC Proposal submitted; (2) Interview by ARM leaders in Washington DC (including J. Kimpel); (3) NWC Proposal chosen
1992 -- SGP Site Scientist Program initiated (February) and SGP Site inaugurated (October, including R. Van Horn, OU President)
1992-2000 -- involved in many Campaigns (SCM, VORTEX, GCIP, UAV, ARESE, Water Vapor, Aerosol, Cloud)
Mid 2000 -- ARM Data Quality Office (DQO) established “out of” Site Scientist Program (R. Peppler)
2000-2006 -- continued involvement in Campaigns (ARESE II, Water Vapor, RS-90, IHOP, Aerosol)
HISTORICAL MILESTONES (cont)2006 -- unofficial Site Scientist for ARM Mobile Facility deployment in Niger
2006-2010 -- continued involvement in Campaigns (e.g., CLASIC, RACORO, VORTEX 2)
By 2010 -- around $21M invested in SGP observational platforms and infrastructure
2010-2011 -- additional $12M (ARRA) being invested in SGP observational platforms (especially RADARS!)
2010 -- (1) Proposal submitted for “Sahel Cloud and Aerosol Interaction Campaign” inNiger (involving Z. Segele, D. Turner); (2) possibility of permanent Climate Observatory in Niger (B. Moore)
ARM SGP = WORLD’S LEADING CLIMATE OBSERVATORY
and part of
OKLAHOMA = WORLD’S LEADING ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATORY
SGP ARM CLIMATE RESEARCH FACILITY
PROGRAM STRUCTURE, PERSONNEL, AND FUNDINGSGP SITE SCIENTIST TEAM = $ 8,732,000a. Scientific Support for Site Operations J. Schneider, M. Splitt, R. Peppler, C. Bahrmann, D. Bond, J. Harris, D. Hartsockb. Research Using Site Data Y. Kogan, Z. Kogan, D. Stensrud, P. Lamb, Q. Liu (Ph.D.), Q. Xu, C-R. Chen (Ph.D.), C. Duchon, E. Kassianov, S. Richardson, M. Ovtchinnikov (Ph.D.), R. Peppler, M. Khairoutchinov, J. Schneider, D. Mechem, L. Leslie, Z. Segele, D. Portis, E. White (Ph.D. in progress), D. Hartsockc. Educational OutreachK. Crawford, R. McPherson, A. Melvin, M. Shafer
DATA QUALITY OFFICE = $5,404,000R. Peppler, K. Sonntag, A. Dean, K. Kehoe, J. Monroe, A. Theisen
INSTRUMENT MENTORSHIPS = $355,000S. Richardson, J. Schneider, J. Harris, D. Hartsock
WEST AFRICA = $123,000I. Lele, Z. Segele, P. Lamb, H. Hamidou
TOTAL PERSONNEL = 35+ TOTAL FUNDING = $14,614,000
Citations to date = 74 (ISI)
for: D. STENSRUD
BACKGROUNDINFORMATIONFOR ARM
RAINFALL CONTROL ON SGP SURFACE ALBEDO
from: C. DUCHON
DAILY ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE BUDGETMAY-JUNE 2006 (Very Dry) versus 2007 (Very Wet)
Strong contrast between dry 2006/wet 2007 for numbers of days in least/most wet P categoriesGeneral consistency between dry 2006 and wet 2007 for same daily P category
E considerably higher in wet 2007 for daily P < 8 mm and /P higher in wet 2007 for daily P < 4 mm /P tends to decrease with increasing daily P except for 2 < P < 4mm
HA (not HD) is convergent contributor to MFD for daily P < 4 mm and (wet 2007) 4 < P < 8 mm (CLASIC!)dPW depletion is important moisture source in dry 2006 for daily 2 < P < 4
HD is dominant convergent contributor to MFD for daily P > 8mm
Increasingdaily P
Increasingdaily P
(mm d-1 except for
PE /P)
IF/A generally substantially greater in wet 2007 for daily P < 8 mm
PE
PE
Example of a simulation of stratocumulus in a synoptic system over the SGP on 8 April 2006. The goal is to verify LES model and obtain
datasets for parameterization and retrieval development
from: Y. KOGAN
TESTING OF LES MODEL VERSUS SGP OBSERVATIONS
Fig. 1. Probability distributions of correlations between observed (CMBE) and simulated precipitable water vapor for 8 WRF microphysics simulations with (colors) and without (black) data assimilation for May 27-31, 2001, warm-season heavy precipitation event over the ACRF SGP. Correlations were computed for the inner nested domain within 27 x 27 km (solid lines) and 105 x 105 km (dashed lines) boxes surrounding the SGP CF. CNTRL denotes no data assimilation, OBNUD is for rawinsonde observation nudging, SFDDA indicates surface analysis nudging, and 3DVAR and 4DVAR are for three-dimensional and four-dimensional variational data assimilation, respectively. Because the simulated PWV values for the Lin et al. microphysics scheme are indistinguishable for the CNTRL and SFDDA experiments, the CNTRL curve does not appear in the upper left panel.
from: Z. SEGELE
TESTING OF WRF MODEL VERSUS SGP OBSERVATIONS
PARAMETERColumnWater Vapor
Microphysics Schemes(panels)
VARYING
and
Data AssimilationSchemes(lines)
ARM DATA QUALITY OFFICECreated in July 2000 after the ARM Infrastructure Review of 1999 to bring
consistency to data quality treatment across all ARM Climate Research Facilities
Develops tools and procedures to perform data quality inspection and assessment of 5000 measurements from 350 data streams, processing 500 MB
of data each hour and creates 3000 plots per day
Uses automated flagging and data plotting to facilitate the inspection of data and identification of sensor problems
Summarizes results in weekly assessment reports sent to key ARM personnel and initiates problem reports to document, track and resolve detected problems
Part of the ARM Climate Research Facility Infrastructure; works daily with Site Operators, Instrument Mentors, Site Scientists, and Data System Developers – 3.75 FTE plus 4 undergraduate data analysts and 1 undergraduate programmer
R. A. Peppler and 25 co-authors, 2008: An overview of ARM Program Climate Research Facility data quality assurance. The Open Atmospheric Science Journal, 2, 192-216. http://www.bentham.org/open/toascj/openaccess2.htm
from: R. PEPPLER
Simplified MMCR daily metric to alert DQ Simplified MMCR daily metric to alert DQ Office and Instrument Mentor of Office and Instrument Mentor of
potential problemspotential problems
Fluctuating metric triggers
alert
Millimeter Cloud Radar (MMCR) efforts
from: R. PEPPLER
ARM MOBILE FACILITYNIAMEY AIRPORTbefore 2006 rainy season
ARM MOBILE FACILITYNIAMEY AIRPORTafter 2006 rainy season
SAHELIANS STUDYING SAHELIAN CLOUDS IN NATIONAL WEATHER CENTER
Dr. ZewduSegele(Ethiopia)
Hama Hamidou(Niger)
Fig. 2. Characteristics of June-September (JJAS) 2006 rainy season over Niamey. (a) Season-Average W-band ARM Cloud Radar (WACR) reflectivity (dBZ) for all storms (top) and for organized storms that lasted more than 3 hrs (bottom). (b) Season-average cirrus cloud reflectivity (dBZ, top) and average Total Liquid Water (cm, bottom) for days covered with same cirrus clouds (green) and days without any cirrus (red). (c) Composites reflectivity (dBZ) for light (top row) and heavy (bottom row) rainfall rates and their corresponding Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) concentration (number per cubic centimeter, third row) for days with light (red) and heavy (green) rain rates. For (a), (c), the 0 hour coincides with storm center. For (b), the time axis extends over 24 hrs from 0000-2400 UTC of cirrus/no-cirrus day.
from: Z. SEGELE
NIAMEY RAINY SEASONCLOUD AND AEROSOLCHARACTERISTICSFOR 2006
FUTURE IS ROOTED IN PAST
FUTURESGP -- Imminent SGP enhancement optimal cloud definition
valuable resource for severe weather research via ARM-NSSL partnership … including involvement of Dave Turner
West Africa -- Sahel Cloud and Aerosol Interaction Campaign for 15-24 months ?? permanent Climate Observing Facility in Niger ??
PASTMid 1991 -- ARM discussions with Universities (including a visit to
J. Kimpel) October 1991 -- Interview by ARM leaders in Washington DC
(including J. Kimpel)
FUTURE IS ROOTED IN PAST
“… which will be part of our honoring of Jeff Kimpel’s three decades of leadership and very much more… all of us will be honoring Jeff for years to come by our science; our teaching and learning, and our service… Jeff’s lifetime of leadership and accomplishment will be everlasting”. Berrien