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Investor Presentation May-June 2019
Disclaimer
This document may contain forward-looking statements including words such as “may,” “can,” “could,” “should,” “predict,” “aim,” “potential,”
“continue,” “opportunity,” “intend,” “goal,” “estimate,” “expect,” “expectations,” “project,” “projections,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believe,” “think,”
“confident,” “scheduled,” or similar expressions, as well as information about management’s view of Vertex Energy’s future expectations,
plans and prospects, within the safe harbor provisions under Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve
known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the results of Vertex Energy, its divisions and concepts to be
materially different than those expressed or implied in such statements. These risk factors and others are included from time to time in
documents Vertex Energy files with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including, but not limited to, its Form 10-Ks, Form 10-Qs and
Form 8-Ks, available at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could have material adverse
effects on Vertex Energy’s future results. The forward-looking statements included in this presentation are made only as of the date hereof.
Vertex Energy cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Accordingly, you should not place undue
reliance on these forward-looking statements. Finally, Vertex Energy undertakes no obligation to update these statements after the date of
this presentation, except as required by law, and also undertakes no obligation to update or correct information prepared by third parties
that are not paid for by Vertex Energy.
Industry Information
Information regarding market and industry statistics contained in this presentation is based on information available to us that we believe is
accurate. It is generally based on publications that are not produced for investment or economic analysis.
2
Corporate Overview Vertically-Integrated Specialty Refiner of Alternative Feedstocks
3
> TTM Collections = ~32 mm gal
> ~100 collections trucks
> Operations in 15 states
> Internal collections strategy
Collections Operations
> TTM production = 84.4 mm gal
> Marrero (LA) - Marine Fuel production
> Heartland (OH) - Base oil production
> Baytown (TX) – Houston ship channel terminal
Refining Operations
Executive Summary
> Established producer of petroleum-based specialty products from recycled used motor oils and petrochemical streams
> Own and operate one of the largest independent used motor oil collections (UMO) operations in the United States(1)
> Produce/market IMO-compliant marine fuels, Group II & III Base Oils and fuel blend stocks for industrial applications
> Proven track record of safe, reliable operations that optimize utilization at owned production facilities
> Multi-year improvement in Adj. EBITDA and Free Cash Flow resulting in reduced net leverage
> Major capital projects offer potential to increase production of high-value specialty products – IMO and high-purity base oils play
> Experienced management team w/ high insider ownership
(1) Vertex Energy owns/operates one of the largest used motor oil (UMO) collection and aggregation networks in the United States
Key Financial Metrics Trailing-Three Year Performance
4
Total Revenues ($MM) Total Gross Profit ($MM)
Adjusted EBITDA ($MM) Net Debt / TTM Adjusted EBITDA
$145.5
$180.7
$152.1
$178.7
2017 2018 TTM 1Q18 TTM 1Q19
$21.3
$29.4
$23.4
$27.6
2017 2018 TTM 1Q18 TTM 1Q19
$2.0
$8.0
$2.1
$6.5
2017 2018 TTM 1Q18 TTM 1Q19
12.5 x
2.0 x
7.7 x
2.3 x
2017 2018 TTM 1Q18 TTM 1Q19
Used Motor Oil Recycling Value Chain Direct and Third-Party UMO Collections Used As Refining Feedstock
5
UMO
GeneratorsCollectors Aggregators Processors Consumers
Oil Change
Shops, Car
Dealerships
1.3 billion
gal/yr U.S. –
fragmented
industry
Collect UMO
to self-
process or
for sale
Refined into
higher-value
finished
products
Consume
middle
distillates,
base oils
Our Strategic Focus Path Toward Profitable Growth Through The Cycle
6
> Direct collections are
significantly cost-
advantaged over
third-party purchased
collections
> By increasing direct
collections as % of
total collections, we
significantly reduce
feedstock costs
Drive Direct
Collections Growth
> Safe, reliable
operations drive
profitable growth
> Marrero and
Heartland operating
near peak utilization
> Focused on reducing
feedstock overhead
and reducing direct
OPEX per gal sold
Optimize Refining
Asset Base
> Shift from production
of commodity
intermediates toward
higher value finished
products
> Be recognized as
leading producer of
IMO compliant
marine fuel and high-
purity Group II and III
base oils
High-Grade
Production Slate
> Identify high-return
organic growth
projects within
existing asset base
> Partner with one or
more venture
investors on a project
by project basis to
support project
CAPEX
Growth CAPEX /
Private Funding
y> Generate Adj.
EBITDA growth – use
free cash flow to
maintain conservative
net leverage profile
> Continue to diversify
EBITDA across end-
markets, geographies
and customers
Profitable Growth
Through Cycle
Leader In The Used Motor Oil Collections Industry Focused On Growing Cost-Advantaged Direct Collections
7
Grew Total UMO Collections 17% TTM 1Q19Gallons In Millions
Growing Cost-Advantaged Direct Collections Direct Collections as % of Total Volumes Processed
20.3
26.2
30.6
27.2
31.8
2016 2017 2018 TTM 1Q18 TTM 1Q19
25%27%
30%28%
31%
2016 2017 2018 TTM 1Q18 TTM 1Q19
Collections Operations Overview
> 1.3 billion gallons of UMO generated annually in the U.S., of which 1.1 billion are collected for repurposing
> Collected UMO is used as feed in burners, re-refineries and as a blend stock for higher value fuels
> TTM 1Q19, we collected 31.8 million gallons of UMO, an increase of 17% y/y
> Our focus remains on growing cost advantaged direct collections – 600 basis point mix improvement since 2016
By Increasing Direct Collections, We Lower Feedstock CostsDirectly Sourced UMO Materially Less Than Third-Party Supply
8
TTM Variance In Cost Between 1 Gallon of Directly Sourced UMO vs. 1 Gallon of Third-Party Supplied UMOSignificant Potential Opportunity To Reduce Feedstock Costs
($0.45)
($0.40)
($0.35)
($0.30)
($0.25)
($0.20)
($0.15)
($0.10)
($0.05)
$0.00
TTM 4Q17 TTM 1Q18 TTM 2Q18 TTM 3Q18 TTM 4Q18 TTM 1Q19
We Own Advantaged Refining Assets In Strategic MarketsVertically Integrated Model Processes Collected UMO as Feedstock
9
> 4,800 bpd nameplate capacity
> Feedstock: UMO
> Production: Middle distillates
> Opportunity: Demand for IMO-
compliant marine fuel
Marrero RefineryMarrero, Louisiana
> 1,500 bpd nameplate capacity
> Feedstock: UMO
> Production: Group II+ base oil
> Opportunity: Global transition
to higher-purity base oils
Heartland RefineryColumbus, Ohio
> Waterfront facility w/ 100,000
barrels of storage on-site
> Refining supply / distribution
> Strategically located on the
Houston ship channel
Baytown TerminalBaytown, Texas
Refining Operations Overview
> TTM 1Q19, our refining system produced more than 84 million gallons of finished products annually (+6% y/y)
> Direct and third-party collections of UMO provide the feedstock for both Marrero and Heartland
> Marrero and Heartland operating near peak utilization given strong demand for middle distillates and Group II base oils
> Production slate includes middle distillates, base oils, asphalt, condensate and fuel oil
We Operate a Safe, Reliable Refining SystemMarrero and Heartland Refineries Approaching Full Utilization
10
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
110%
1Q17 2Q17 3Q17 4Q17 1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19
Marrero Refinery Heartland Refinery
TTM Average Utilization at Marrero is 96% of Nameplate CapacityHeartland Has Average Utilization of 100% on a TTM Basis
We Are Focused On High-Grading Our Production Slate
Multi-Year Transition From Commodity To Branded Products
11
Rea
lize
dG
ros
sM
arg
in C
ap
ture
Product Portfolio Evolution
Commodity Products Specialty Products
Vacuum
Gas Oil
IMO Marine
Fuels
High Purity
Base Oils
Niche
Lubricants
Framing The Opportunity: Low Sulfur Marine Fuel (IMO 2020) IMO 2020 Represents a Potential Catalyst for Vertex
12
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
IMO Mandated Sulfur Levels in Marine FuelSulfur Cap Transitioning From 3.5% to 0.5% by 1/1/2020
Vertex Produces IMO Compliant Marine FuelsTotal Annual Middle Distillate Production at Marrero Refinery
IMO 2020 Executive Summary
> IMO 2020 mandates a significant reduction in sulfur levels found in marine fuels by January 1, 2020
> New, low-sulfur specification marine fuel is anticipated to be in short supply once the regulation goes into effect
> Decline in HSFO demand expected to result in lower UMO prices, contributing to lower feedstock costs for Vertex
> Anticipate distillate crack spread will rise in response to shortages of IMO-compliant marine fuel to the benefit of Vertex
> We produce more than 48 million gallons of IMO compliant marine fuels each year
45.8
49.1
46.1
48.5
2017 2018 TTM 1Q18 TTM 1Q19
We Expect IMO 2020 Will Result In Lower Feedstock CostsAs HSFO Prices Decline Ahead of IMO 2020, UMO Prices Will Follow Suit
13
VTNR “Clean-Dirty” Spread Cost Inputs / Product Pricing
> We purchase UMO (e.g. feedstock) at a
discount to 3% high sulfur fuel oil (HSFO);
we price our finished product versus to
NY Harbor Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel
(ULSD)
> The “spread” between the UMO cost and
our finished product price is our gross
margin per gallon sold
> IMO 2020 is expected to reduce the value
of 3% HSFO; as 3% HSFO oil costs
decline, so will UMO (feedstock) costs
> Even as our feedstock costs decline, we
project that benchmark diesel prices for
low sulfur marine fuel will rise materially
leading up to IMO 2020
Implies Spread Between 3% HSFO and ULSD NYMEX $/bblHigher 3% HSFO Costs Temporarily Impacted Distillate Margin Capture
$0.00
$5.00
$10.00
$15.00
$20.00
$25.00
$30.00
$35.00
Framing The Opportunity: Transition To Group III Base Oil Transition To Higher Purity Base Oils a Potential Catalyst for Vertex
14
North American Base Oil Capacity Shift(1)
Trend Toward Higher Viscosity Base Oil Capacity
Projected U.S. Group III Base Oil Demand(2)
Millions of Gallons Per Year
Group III Base Oil Executive Summary
2%
56%
21% 21%
6%
23%
54%
17%
Re-refined Group I Group II and III Naphthenic
2008 2018
(1) Source: LNG Lubricants Industry Factbook (2018-2019)
> Multi-year global transition away from Group I base oils toward higher viscosity Group II and III Base Oils
> Higher purity Group II and III base oils provide better fuel efficiency and are more environmentally friendly
> Group II/III base oils comprise 54% of the North American Base Oil Market
> We anticipate demand for Group III base oils has begun to accelerate, taking share from Group I and II
> Currently, we produce Group II at our Heartland refinery and serve as a third-party marketer of Group III from a global producer
> We are evaluating a project that would allow us to begin producing Group III Base Oil at Heartland (OH) and Belle Chasse (LA)
77 85 93 102 113 124
136 150
165 182
200
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
(2) Source: Company Market Forecast
High-Return Capital Projects Under Review Focused on Collections Growth, Marine Fuel, Group III Base Oil Production
15
High-Return Growth Opportunities
Limited Capital Requirements Third-Party Financing Required
Collections
Growth
TCEP
(IMO Play)
Group III
Base Oil
Production
LS Fuel
Production
(IMO Play)
> Expand service
radius outside of
immediate vicinity of
refining assets
> Increase current-
customer off-take
> Grow truck fleet to
increase existing
market penetration
> Use proprietary
TCEP technology to
convert UMO into
diesel replacement
> Use TCEP product
stream to blend w/
high sulfur fuel,
thereby creating IMO
spec distillate
> Commence
production of high-
value Group III base
oils at our Belle
Chasse, LA and
Heartland, OH
facilities
> Capitalize on U.S.
Group III demand -
10% CAGR
> Begin producing low
sulfur diesel fuel from
crude oil for the marine
and residual fuel market
at our facility in
Baytown, TX w/ new
crude topping unit
> Strategically located
directly outside the
Houston Ship Channel
High Probability High Probability High Probability Low/Med Probability
Compelling Investment Thesis Favorable Market Fundamentals, Improved TTM Performance
16
> IMO 2020 transition
will reduce feedstock
costs while creating
increased demand for
IMO-compliant
marine fuels
> Multi-year transition
toward higher-
viscosity, higher-
margin Group II and
III base oils
Strong Underlying
Market Trends
> Material y/y
improvement in
Adjusted EBITDA
and Free Cash Flow
> Reduced net
leverage from 7.7x to
2.3x on a TTM basis
> Expect to refinance
existing term loan by
end of 3Q19
Improved TTM
Financial Performance
> Leading UMO
collector
consolidating
fragmented industry
> 17% y/y growth in
total collections TTM
1Q19
> Focused on growing
cost-advantaged
direct collections vs.
third-party supply
Sustained Growth In
UMO Collections
> Focused on
increasing production
of IMO-compliant
marine fuels,
increasing Group II
production and
commencing
production of Group
III
> Projects reliant on
third-party financing –
diligence ongoing
High-Return
Capital Projects
y> Led by founder/CEO
Ben Cowart
> Senior leadership
with decades of UMO
and industry-relevant
experience
> High insider
ownership aligns
management and
investor interests
Aligning Investor
Interests
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5
1Q19 Results Update
Adjusted EBITDA Bridge 1Q18 vs. 1Q19 ($MM)
18
Future Strip Implies Material Improvement In VTNR Margins UMO Costs Expected To Track Decline In High Sulfur Fuel Oil
19
Projected Futures Spread Between WTI and USGC 3% High Sulfur Fuel Oil (Proxy for UMO Feedstock) Implies $15 per barrel (or $0.36 Per Gallon) Improvement in Spread Over The Next 12 Months (as of 5.16.19)
Feedstock Costs at a Discount To
Product Benchmark – Positive Impact
to Margin Capture
Feedstock Costs at a Premium To
Product Benchmark – Negative
Impact to Margin Capture
$5.05
$3.46
$1.90
$0.11
($5.02)
($6.64)
($7.90)
($8.90) ($8.56)($9.26)
($9.76) ($10.00)
May-19 Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 Oct-19 Nov-19 Dec-19 Jan-20 Feb-20 Mar-20 Apr-20
Positive TTM Margin Trend In Black Oil Segment Black Oil Segment Represented 78% of Gross Profit in 1Q19
20
Black Oil SegmentPositive TTM Gross Margin Trend (%)
Refining/Marketing SegmentPositive Y/Y Gross Margin Trend
Recovery SegmentPositive Y/Y Gross Margin Trend
16%
11%
17%18%
1Q18 1Q19 TTM 1Q18 TTM 1Q19
8%
11%
7%
3%
1Q18 1Q19 TTM 1Q18 TTM 1Q19
18%19% 19%
11%
1Q18 1Q19 TTM 1Q18 TTM 1Q19
Marrero, Louisiana Refinery Update First Quarter 2019
21
Marrero OperationsKey Developments in 1Q19
Marrero Total Product Sales VolumesMillions of Gallons Sold
> Logistics and poor weather in
shipping channels led to lower
production volumes and higher
costs, given reduced operating
leverage
> Total sales volumes declined 3% y/y
in 1Q19 due to lower than planned
production levels
> Refinery currently operating near
peak utilization
14.2
16.2
13.9 13.2
13.8
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19
Heartland, Ohio Refinery Update First Quarter 2019
22
Heartland OperationsKey Developments in 1Q19
Heartland Total Product Sales VolumesMillions of Gallons Sold
> Operated at 98% capacity in 1Q19
vs. 89% in 1Q18 – safe, reliable
operations
> Realized product margins impacted
by soft market on base oil finished
product prices
> Seeing a recovery in base oil prices
during April and into May, which
stands to benefit product margin
capture in 2Q19
4.4 4.5
5.4
4.6
5.1
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19
Anticipate Q/Q Recovery In Gross Profit Per GallonProject Lower Feedstock Prices and Improved Spreads Entering 2Q19
23
Total Gross Profit Per Gallon Anticipate Increased Base Oil Prices + Operational Reliability At Refineries Are Projected To Benefit Spreads In 2Q19
$0.17
$0.13
$0.21 $0.19
$0.27
$0.23
$0.17
$0.14
2Q17 3Q17 4Q17 1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19
*18% Increase in
Base Oil Prices
Effective 5/1/19
*Operating Near
Peak Capacity
Utilization
*UMO Feedstock
Tracking Decline
in 3% HSFO