Investing Management in Men’s Reproductive Health For Improving Women's Health and Economic Development

8/14/2019 Investing Management in Mens Reproductive Health For Improving Women's Health and Economic Development

1/16

Hgriv{hgc Lmgmcilig{ hg Ligv Uiqu`kyf{hri Nimd{n

B`u

Hlqu`rhgc S`ligv Nimd{n mgk If`g`lhf Kirid`qlig{

Hg qmu{hmd bydbhddlig{ hg {ni F`yuvi

KL 55; .Qyedhf Mbbmhu Lmgmcilig{(

Vyelh{{ik {` Qu`b' Mviu E' OMRHIU$ HKLC$ FQMb

Vyelh{{ik ex?

Ndm Lxm{ [yg

5118,51=1 Bhuv{ Viliv{iu

511>,8296=


2/16

H' HG[U@KYF[H@G

Lxmglmu hv `gi `b {ni Ygh{ik Gm{h`gv lileiu f`yg{uhiv mgk {ni c`riuglig{ nmv

f`llh{{ik {` mfnhiri {ni èoif{hri `b Lhddigghyl Kirid`qlig{ C`mdv .LKCv( ex 51=9'

[ni LKCv siui vi{ ex Ygh{ik Gm{h`gv Hg{iugm{h`gmd F`gbiuigfi `g Q`qydm{h`g mgk

Kirid`qlig{ .HFQK( hg =88;' [` lii{ {ni {muci{ik c`mdv `b LKCv$ nylmg uiv`yufiv

lyv{ ei f`gvhkiuik mv {ni jix bù mdd vif{ùv' Mdd `b {ni fh{hzigv vn`ydk nmri mffivvhehdh{x

`b nimd{n hgbùlm{h`g mgk viurhfiv {` ei nimd{nx mgk viuri {ni f`yg{ux' Hb qi`qdi hg {ni

f`yg{x mui hg q`ù nimd{n f`gkh{h`gv$ {nix lhcn{ g`{ qmu{hfhqm{i hg f`yg{uxv kirid`qlig{

qu`cumlliv' Hg Lxmglmu$ dhji `{niu kirid`qhgc f`yg{uhiv$ uiqu`kyf{hri hddgivviv mui m

lmoù {nuim{ {` {ni nimd{n `b mkyd{v$ lmgx `b sn`l mui hg {ni imudx ximuv `b {nihu sùjhgc

dhriv' Uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n hddgivv ygkiulhgi if`g`lhf kirid`qlig{ ex simjighgc mgk

jhddhgc mkyd{v hg {ni quhli {hli `b {nihu sùjhgc dhriv$ ex khvuyq{hgc mgk fy{{hgc vnù{ {ni

dhriv `b {nihu fnhdkuig$ mgk ex qdmfhgc nimrx bhgmgfhmd mgk v`fhmd eyukigv `g bmlhdhiv' Hg

l`v{ kirid`qhgc,f`yg{ux vi{{hgcv$ lyfn `b {ni d`vv `b dhbi mgk nylmg qu`kyf{hrh{x {nm{ hv

kyi {` q`ù uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n snhfn f`ydk ei quirig{ik sh{n mbbùkmedi mgk f`v{,

ibbif{hri qu`cumlv' Lig sùjbùfi hv qdmxhgc mv {ni hlqù{mg{ u`di hg rmuh yv

kirid`qlig{ mgk if`g`lhf vif{ùv ey{ lig siui ygf`gvfh`yvdx hcgùik hg nimd{n vif{ù'

[ni c`riuglig{ nmv g`{ mkkuivvik mgk qu`rhkik {ni vqifhbhf giikv bù lig xi{'

Lm{iugmd Lù{mdh{x Um{h` .LLU( vn`sv {ni nimd{n v{m{yv `b {ni f`yg{uhiv' Uiqu`kyf{hri

nimd{n q`dhfx smv bùlydm{ik hg 5115 mgk mqqu`rik ex Lhghv{ux `b Nimd{n hg 5116 {`

hlqu`ri nimd{n v{m{yv ex chrhgc b`fyv m{{ig{h`g `g {ni hlqu`rilig{ `b uiqu`kyf{hri


3/16

nimd{n v{m{yv mgk uikyfhgc LLU hv `gi `b {ni LKCv snhfn giik {` ei qmhk lùi

m{{ig{h`g {` mfnhiri {ni {muci{ik c`md ex 51=9' S`lig nimd{n fmg g`{ ei hlqu`rik mv

sidd mv LLU fmg g`{ ei uikyfik sh{n`y{ ibbif{hri ligv qmu{hfhqm{h`g' [nyv$ hg {ni

nimd{n vif{ù$ ligv uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n giikv nmri {` ei f`gvhkiuik hg quhù hg 2 ximuv

mnimk'

[`{md q`qydm{h`g `b Lxmglmu hg 92'; lhddh`gv mgk qmu{hfhqm{h`g `b lmdi dmeù bùfi .=9

ximuv mgk me`ri( hv =2'58 lhddh`g .>1'19 ) `b { {md dme`yu bùfi( hg 511;'= [nyv$

kirid`qlig{ qu`cumlliv shdd lùi ibbhfhig{ ex chrhgc m{{ig{h`g hg ligv nimd{n' [ni

lmgmcilig{ bù ligv giik bù uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n hg {ni nimd{n vif{ù hv eif`lhgc {ni

hlqù{mg{ qù{h`g bù {ni c`riuglig{' [ni nimd{n vif{ u nmv {` qu`rhki hgbùlm{h g mgk

viurhfiv {mhdùik {` lig mffùkhgc {` {nihu vqifhbhf giikv' [ni Uiqu`kyf{hri Nimd{n .UN(

giikv bù lig fmg ei f`gvhkiuik mv {nuii v{mciv hg lig vi~ymd mgk uiqu`kyf{hri dhriv?

Lig .mv sidd mv x`y{n( =9,5; sn` eif`lhgc hgkiqigkig{ mgk hgh{hm{hgc vi~ymd

uidm{h`gvnhq$ Lig 59,68 sn` lmuuxhgc$ eif`lhgc bm{niuv mgk v{mu{hgc bmlhdx dhbi$ mgk

Lig ;1,21 sn` mqqu`mfnhgc {ni igk `b bm{niuhgc mgk f`lqdi{hgc bmlhdx eyhdkhgc'

Ygkiuv{mgkhgc ligv nimd{n mv m jix f`lq`gig{ `b qyedhf sidd,eihgc mgk f`llygh{x

rh{mdh{x shdd b`fyv `yu m{{ig{h`g `g ygli{ giikv {nm{ mui simjighgc {ni v`fhmd v{uyf{yumd

bmeuhf hg khv{uivvik gihcneùn``kv' Vi~ymddx [umgvlh{{ik Hgbif{h`gv .V[Hv($ hgfdykhgc

NHR/MHKV$ mgk ygqdmggik quicgmgfhiv eifmyvi `b dmfj `b hgbùlm{h`g mgk viurhfiv bù

ehu{n vqmfhgc fmg kirmv{m{i {ni dhriv `b e`{n lig mgk s`lig$ mgk nmri gicm{hri

= Nylmg Uiv`yufiv Kirid`qlig{ Hgkhfm{ùv 5119$ Ygh{ik Gm{h`gv Q`qydm{h`g Bygk .YGBQM( mgk

Kiqmu{lig{ `b Dmeù$ Ygh`g `b Lxmglmu


4/16

f`gvi}yigfiv bù bmlhdhiv mgk f`llygh{hiv' Mkkuivvhgc {ni vi~ymd mgk uiqu`kyf{hri

einmrhùv mgk nimd{n `b lig fuim{iv m shg,shg vh{ym{h`g? [ni lùi hgbùlik mgk lùi

ibbif{hri lig eif`li hg dhrhgc vmbiu vi~ymd mgk uiqu`kyf{hri dhriv$ {ni ei{{iu h{ shdd ei

bù {nil mgk bù {nihu qmu{giuv$ fnhdkuig$ f`llygh{x mgk mdv` bù {ni kirid`qlig{ `b {ni

f`yg{ux'

[nhv v{ykx mhl {` qu`rhki q`dhfxlmjiuv$ nimd{n fmui qu`rhkiuv mgk ikyfm{ùv sh{n {ni

emvhf hgbùlm{h`g giikik {` kivhcg mgk hlqdilig{ hgbumv{uyf{yui mgk qu`cumlliv bù

hgbùlm{h`g mgk viurhfiv {nm{ shdd hlqu`ri {ni vi~ymd mgk uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n f`gkh{h`gv

`b lig sn` mui {ni l`v{ hlqù{mg{ mf{ùv bù f`yg{ux if`g`lhf kirid`qlig{'

HH' QU@EDIL V[M[ILIG[

Hg Lxmglmu$ meù{h`g hv hddicmd ey{ {ni um{i `b `ffyuuigfi `b {nhv qumf{hfi hv vhcghbhfmg{'

[nhv {igkv {` ei {ni dimkhgc fmyvi `b lm{iugmd l u{mdh{x eifmyvi `b yghg{igkik

quicgmgfhiv' M{ dimv{ 91 qiufig{ `b lm{iugmd kim{n mgk 51) `b mdd n`vqh{md mklhvvh`g

nmri uivyd{ik bu`l f`lqdhfm{h`g `b ygvmbi meù{h`g' Ygvmbi meù{h`g um{i hv nhcn eifmyvi

`b ygsmg{ik mgk yghg{igkik quicgmgfhiv ml`gc yglmuuhik q`qydm{h gv mv sidd mv

lmuuhik q`qydm{h`g kyi {` {ni dmfj `b mffivv {` f`g{umfiq{hri li{n`kv mgk {ni hgvybbhfhig{

lmdi vyqqù{ hg f`g{umfiq{hri yvi mui {ni lmoù bmf{ùv `b hgfuimvhgc meù{h`g um{i mfu`vv

{ni f`yg{ux5' [ni yvi `b hddicmd mgk ygvmbi meù{h`g li{n`kv mui hg dmuci qmu{ `b {ni uivyd{

`b ygli{ f`g{umfiq{hri giik ml`gc s`lig mgk dmfj `b lig uivq`gvhehdh{x hg

f`g{umfiq{hri yvi' Mv {ni uivyd{$ Lm{iugmd Lù{mdh{x Um{i .LLU( hv vhcghbhfmg{dx nhcn

5 Biu{hdh{x mgk Uiqu`kyf{hri Nimd{n Vyurix .BUNV($ 511=' Quidhlhgmux Uiqù{$ Lhghv{ux b Hllhcum{h`g mgk

Q`qydm{h`g$ Xmgc`g 5116


5/16

{nm{ lyv{ ei uikyfik hb g`{ {`{mddx idhlhgm{ik' H{ hv iv{hlm{ik {nm{ `gi hg {nuii kim{nv

uidm{ik {` quicgmgfx mgk fnhdkehu{n f`ydk ei mr`hkik hb mdd {ni qi`qdi hg f`llygh{x nmk

mffivv {` f`g{umfiq{hri viurhfiv' LLU fmg ei uikyfik ex ligv {mjhgc uivq`gvhehdh{x

ml`gc lmuuhik mgk yglmuuhik f`yqdiv' [ni ygli{ giik bù f`g{umfiq{h`g hv iv{hlm{ik m{

=2'> qiu fig{ ml`gc lmuuhik q`qydm{h`g6 eifmyvi `b hgmffivvhehdh{x `b f`g{umfiq{hri

li{n`kv {` s`lig' Lig fmg ei {ni v`dy{h`g bù {nm{ hvvyi hg ùkiu {` {mji qmu{ hg

s`ligv nimd{n mgk uikyfi LLU' [ni LLU smv 62= qiu =11$111 dhri ehu{nv hg 5119';

[ni c`riuglig{ vi{ m {muci{ `b 92 qiu =111 dhri ehu{nv `g LLU ex 51=9 emvik `g 511=

km{m' @gi v{ykx b`ygk {nm{ {ni vlmddiu {ni nimd{n hgv{h{y{h`g hg mg muim$ {ni nhcniu {ni

meù{h`g um{i hg {ni vyuu`ygkhgc muim kyi {` dmfj `b mffivv {` f`g{umfiq{hri li{n`kv' [ni

Biu{hdh{x mgk Uiqu`kyf{hri Nimd{n Vyurix .BUNV( 511= b`ygk `y{ {nm{ 51) `b s`lig khk

g`{ smg{ {` ci{ quicgmg{ ey{ siui g`{ yvhgc f`g{umfiq{hriv' Mgk {nyv m{ uhvj `b quicgmgfx

=;) `b {nil smg{ik {` dhlh{ {nihu ehu{nv' [nivi vycciv{ {ni dmfj `b vnù{,{iul mgk

mffiq{medi d`gc,{iul li{n`kv `b f`g{umfiq{h`g ml`gc lmuuhik q`qydm{h`g vn`ydk ei

f`gvhkiuik mv mg yucig{ mcigkm hg {ni c`riuglig{ nimd{n vif{ù' [` uikyfi LLU sh{nhg

2 ximuv hv fnmddigchgc {mvj'

HHH' LIGV HLQ@U[MG[ U@DI HG LM[IUGMD L@U[MDH[X

E`{n lig mgk s`lig lmji hlqù{mg{ f`g{uhey{h`gv mgk f`,i}ymd uivq`gvhehdh{x hg

uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n' N`siriu$ ehu{n vqmfhgc qu`cumlliv nmri eiig {igkik {` b`fyv `g

s`lig md`gi hg {ni f`yg{ux' Lig qmu{hfhqm{h`g hg ehu{n vqmfhgc nmv eiig gicdif{ik irig

6 Gm{h`gshki Fmyvi Vqifhbhf Lm{iugmd Lù{mdh{x Vyurix 511;,5119; Biu{hdh{x mgk Uiqu`kyf{hri Nimd{n Vyurix .BUNV($ 511=' Quidhlhgmux Uiqù{$ Lhghv{ux b Hllhcum{h`g mgk

Q`qydm{h`g$ Xmgc`g 5116


6/16

{n`ycn ehu{n vqmfhgc li{n`kv nmri eiig mrmhdmedi hg qyedhf vif{ù vhgfi =88= mgk lmdi

hgr`drilig{ qu`cumlliv hg uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n nmri eiig hgh{hm{ik vhgfi 511;' Lig mui

g`{ f`gvfh`yv `b {nihu vnmuik hg uivq`gvhehdh{x `g s`ligv nimd{n mgk f`g{umfiq{hri yvi'

[ni cigiumd qiufiq{h`g mgk jg`sdikci ml`gc lig `g {ni giik bù uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n hv

quhlmuhdx bù {ni quirig{h`g `b NHR/MHKV mgk Vi~ymddx [umgvlh{{ik Hgbif{h`gv .V[Hv('

Riux d`s mqquifhm{h`gv `g {ni yvi `b f`gk`l bù ehu{n vqmfhgc qyuq`vi mgk lig mui

ygf`gvfh`yvdx hcgùik mgk eihgc ygf`gvfh`yvdx ygi}ymddik bù ehu{n vqmfhgc'

Giriu{nidivv$ {niui hv nhcn kilmgk `g f`g{umfiq{hri viurhfiv bù lmuuhik q`qydm{h`g mv

sidd mv yglmuuhik q`qydm{h`g' Dhlh{ik mffivv mgk hgbùlm{h`g `g ehu{n vqmfhgc viurhfiv

{` s`lig mgk lig dimk {` hgfuimvi {ni uhvj `b ygvmbi meù{h`g mgk lm{iugmd kim{n' [nyv$

lmdi nmv m vhcghbhfmg{ u di hg vmrhgc s`ligv dhbi ex {mjhgc uivq`gvhehdh{x hg

f`g{umfiq{h`g'

HHH' =' Lig =9,5;? Eif`lhgc Hgkiqigkig{ mgk Hgh{hm{hgc Vi~ymd Uidm{h`gvnhq

[ni q`qydm{h`g `b lig hg {nhv mci cu`yq .=9,5;( hv 8'=) `b {ni {`{md q`qydm{h`g' 9 Lig

mci umgci =9,5;$ mv sidd mv x`y{n$ fmg ei fmddik mv by{yui dimkiuv `b {ni f`yg{ux mgk {nix

giik vqifhmd b`fyv bù {nihu sidd,eihgc mgk mdv` h{ hv {ni l`v{ hlqù{mg{ {hli {` i}yhq

{nil sh{n bydd `b jg`sdikci `g uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n bù {nihu sidd,eihgc mgk {ni by{yui

sùdk' L`v{ `b {nil mui v{hdd hg vfn``d$ riux bis mui lmuuhik ù nmri eifmli bm{niuv$

mf}yhuhgc oè,uidm{ik {umhghgc mgk sùj i~qiuhigfi$ mgk l`v{ v{hdd dhri sh{n {nihu bmlhdx'

X`y{n fmg ei khrhkik hg{` hg,vfn``d x`y{n mgk `y{,vfn``d x`y{n' L`v{ x`y{n quèmedx

dimug me`y{ vi~ bu`l {nihu buhigkv mgk `g {ni v{uii{$ um{niu {nmg bu`l qmuig{v ù m{ vfn``d'

[ni c`riuglig{ eidhiriv {nm{ snig {ni x`y{n siui qu`rhkik f`lquinigvhri vi~

9 Nylmg Uiv`yufiv Kirid`qlig{ Hgkhfm{ùv 5119$ Ygh{ik Gm{h`gv Q`qydm{h`g Bygk .YGBQM( mgk

Kiqmu{lig{ `b Dmeù$ Ygh`g `b Lxmglmu


7/16

ikyfm{h`g mgk imudx ig`ycn$ {ni x`ygc qi`qdi shdd nmri nimd{nx vi~ymd dhbi' [nyv$ vi~

ikyfm{h`g hgfdykhgc NHR/MHKV qu`{if{h`g nmv eiig m qmu{ `b {ni vfn``d fyuuhfydyl bù m

bis ximuv mgk chrig ex {imfniuv hg lhkkdi vfn``dv mgk nhcn vfn``dv' [ni {imfniuv siui

{umhgik bù viriumd kmxv `g vi~ ikyfm{h`g kyuhgc vylliu mgk n`dhkmxv' [ni quèdil hv

mdl`v{ mdd `b {ni {imfniuv hg {ni vfn``dv mui bilmdi mgk {niui mui emuuhiuv ei{siig lmdi

x`y{n mgk bilmdi {imfniuv' Hg Lxmglmu fyd{yui$ lmdi v{ykig{v fmg g`{ khvfyvv sh{n {nihu

bilmdi {imfniuv' Lxmglmu hv m f`gviurm{hri f`yg{ux mgk khvfyvvhgc me`y{ vi~ hg qyedhf hv

uidyf{mg{$ {niuibùi$ lmdi x`y{n siui eihgc hcgùik mgk ygi}ymddik hg {ni fdmvv vi~

ikyfm{h`g vivvh`gv'

Bù {ni `y{,vfn``d x`y{n$ {niui mui viriumd x`y{n vi~ ikyfm{h`g hgfdykhgc NHR/MHKV

qu`{if{h g qu`cumlliv o`hg{dx hlqdilig{ik ex Lhghv{ux `b Nimd{n$ Ygh{ik Gm{h`gv

mcigfhiv$ Hg{iugm{h`gmd G`g,C`riuglig{ @ucmghzm{h`gv mgk D`fmd G`g,C`riuglig{

@ucmghzm{h`g$ bù khvvilhgm{hgc hgbùlm{h`g `g uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n' [ni quèdil hv `y{,

vfn``d x`y{n mui nmuk {` ùcmghzi hg {ni f`llygh{x' Hg {ni nimd{n hgbumv{uyf{yui$ {niui mui

g` vqifhbhf qdmfiv mv x`y{n buhigkdx qdmfiv vqifhbhfmddx bù lmdi {` ci{ nimd{n hgbùlm{h`g

bù hgv{mgfi$ NHR/MHKV$ V[Hv$ mgk f`gvyd{m{h`g bù {nihu vi~ymd mgk uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n

quèdilv hgfdykhgc f`g{umfiq{hri giikv'

F`gk`lv yvhgc ml`gc ikyfm{ik x`y{n hv lùi bui}yig{ bù qu`{if{h`g `b NHR/MHKV mgk

V[Hv ey{ g`{ mv f`g{umfiq{hri li{n`k' F`gk`lv mui g`{ imvhdx mrmhdmedi mgk mffivvhedi hg

lmgx qmu{v `b {ni f`yg{ux' Divv,ikyfm{ik x`y{n mui g`{ msmui `b f`gk`lv mgk {nix fmg

quicgmg{ {nihu qmu{giu eibùi lmuuhmci' Mv m uivyd{$ {ni hgkyfi meù{h`g um{i snhfn hv {ni

f`gvi}yigfi `b yghg{igkik quicgmgfhiv ml`gc yglmuuhik q`qydm{h`g nmv hgfuimvik mgk h{

{igkv {` ei {ni lmoù fmyvi `b lm{iugmd kim{nv hg {ni f`yg{ux' [ni hgbùlm{h`g mgk


8/16

viurhfiv hgfdykhgc mffivvhehdh{x `b f`gk`lv bù x`y{n hv fuh{hfmd bù uikyfhgc lm{iugmd

kim{n ex 51=9'

HHH'5' Lig 59,68? Lmuuxhgc$ Eif`lhgc Bm{niuv mgk V{mu{hgc Bmlhdx Dhbi

Lig hg {nhv mci cu`yq mui ==';) `b {ni {`{md q`qydm{h`g hg {ni f`yg{ux' L`v{ `b {ni lig

hg {ni mci umgci .59,68( mui sùjhgc mgk mui qdmxhgc mv hlqù{mg{ mf{ùv hg if`g`lhf

kirid`qlig{ `b {ni f`yg{ux' Ex {nm{ {hli$ l`v{ `b {ni lig 59,68 hg Lxmglmu nmri

mduimkx ig{iuik lmuuhmci ey{ bis mui v{hdd dhrhgc sh{n {nihu qmuig{v mv vhgcdiv' [ni

f`g{umfiq{hri giikv bù {ni lig hg {ni fm{icùx mui lùi `g vnù{,{iul f`g{umfiq{h`g bù

{nihu bmlhdx qdmgghgc' [ni c`riuglig{ qu`rhkiv ehu{n vqmfhgc viurhfiv bù lmuuhik

q`qydm{h`g hg nimd{n fig{iuv vhgfi =88= ey{ f`g{umfiq{hri li{n`kv mui `gdx mrmhdmedi bù

s`lig' Lxmglmuv Uiqu`kyf{hri Nimd{n Q`dhfx smv bùlydm{ik hg 5115 mgk mqqu`rik

ex {ni Lhghv{ux `b Nimd{n hg 5116 ey{ {niui hv g` vqifhbhf q`dhfx {` hlqu`ri ligv

uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n' Mv vn`sg hg Bhcyui =$ lmuuhik q`qydm{h`g dmucidx kiqigk `g bilmdi

f`g{umfiq{hri li{n`kv mgk {ni f`gk`l yvi ml`gc f`yqdiv hv uimddx d`s irig {n`ycn

f`gk`l qu`l`{h g qu`cumlliv mui v{u`gcdx hlqdilig{ik hg {ni f`yg{ux' [ni uimv`g hv

{nm{ {ni f`gk`lv qu`cumlliv mui lùi dhjidx qu`l`{ik mv NHR/MHKV quirig{h`g

li{n`k$ {niuibùi$ lig mui lùi dhjidx {` yvi f`gk`lv sh{n vi~ sùjiuv {nmg sh{n {nihu

shriv' Mv m f`gvi}yigfi$ f`gk`lv mui g`{ nhcndx mffiq{ik ml`gc lmuuhik q`qydm{h`g'

F`gk`l yvmci hv `gdx 1'6) mgk hv g`{ f`ll`g li{n`k ml`gc lmuuhik q`qydm{h`g bù

f`g{umfiq{h`g mgk {nm{ hv `gi `b {ni bmf{ùv f`g{uhey{hgc nhcn LLU'


9/16

1'6

='9=;'>>'2

;'2

;'5

='>

='5

26F`gk`l

Lmdi V{iuhdhzm{h`g

Hgoif{h`gv

QhddvBilmdi V{iuhdhzm{h`g

Mgx {umkh{hh`gmd li{n`kv

HYK

@{niu l`kiug li{n`kv

G`{ yvhgc mgx li{n`kv

V`yufi? Bmlhdx mgk Uiqu`kyf{hri Nimd{n Vyurix 511=$ Kiqmu{lig{ `b Q`qydm{h`g$

Lhghv{ux `b Hllhcum{h`g mgk Q`qydm{h`g

Bhcyui =' F`g{umfiq{hri li{n`kv yvik ex lmuuhik q`qydm{h`g hg Lxmglmu

L`v{ `b {ni lig dmfj jg`sdikci `g vnmuhgc uivq`gvhehdh{x hg bmlhdx qdmgghgc mgk

cigiumddx eidhiri {` mvvyli divv uivq`gvhehdh{x' [nix giik jg`sdikci `g f`g{umfiq{hri {`

khvfyvv bmlhdx qdmgghgc sh{n {nihu qmu{giu mgk giik vjhddv {` vnmui uivq`gvhehdh{x sh{n

{nihu qmu{giuv' Mff ukhgc {` vyurixv$ lig viij fmui qnmulmfhv{v mgk qu`rhkiuv `b

{umkh{h`gmd nimd{n fmui sn` nmri nmk g` bùlmd {umhghgc eifmyvi {nivi uiv`yufiv mui

mbbùkmedi mgk divv oykclig{md' Lig mdv` dmfj lig buhigkdx viurhfiv bù {nihu

uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n giikv vyfn mv V[Hv {uim{lig{$ NHR/MHKV {iv{hgc mgk ivqifhmddx

f`g{umfiq{h`g' Ygli{ giik bù f`g{umfiq{hri mbbif{v ligv nimd{n$ s`ligv nimd{n$ {ni

bmlhdx nimd{n mgk bhgmddx {igkv {` {ni dimkhgc fmyvi `b nhcn LLU' Mdv` {ni hgibbhfhigfx

hg ligv nimd{n {igkv {` kifuimvi ligv mehdh{x hg {nihu sùj mgk bhgmddx mbbif{v {ni

f`yg{ux if`g`lhf kirid`qlig{'


10/16

HHH'6' Lig ;1,21? Mqqu`mfnhgc {ni igk `b bm{niuhgc mgk f`lqdi{hgc bmlhdx eyhdkhgc'

Lig hg {nhv fm{icùx$ 8) `b {ni {`{md q`qydm{h`g hg f`yg{ux$ mui v{hdd sùjhgc mv {ni lmhg

mf{ùv mgk mui qmu{hfhqm{hgc hg f`yg{ux if`g`lhf kirid`qlig{' [ni lmoùh{x `b lig hg

{nihu ;1v mgk imudx 91v mui lmuuhik mgk {nix v{hdd nmri vi~ymddx mf{hri dhbi limghgc {nix

v{hdd fmg chri quicgmgfx {` {nihu shriv' [nix cigiumddx nmri f`li {` {ni igk `b {nihu

bmlhdx eyhdkhgc ximuv mgk {ni giik bù {nil hv khbbiuig{ bu`l `{niu v{mciv' Mv {nix nmri

mduimkx bhghvnik {nihu bmlhdx eyhdkhgc$ {nix giik qiulmgig{ f`g{umfiq{h`g ih{niu bù

{nilvidriv ù {nihu qmu{giu' [nix giik hgb ulm{h`g mgk viurhfiv `g qiulmgig{

f`g{umfiq{h`g bilmdi v{iuhdhzm{h`g mgk lmdi v{iuhdhzm{h g' [ni qiufig{mci `b bilmdi

v{iuhdhzm{h`g hv ;'2) mgk lmdi v{iuhdhzm{h`g hv ='9) .Bhcyui'=(' [ni f`g{umfiq{h`g mui

dmucidx uidx `g bilmdi li{n`kv eifmyvi `dkiu lig lmx ei divv sidd hgbùlik {nmg

x`ygciu lig me`y{ {ni mrmhdmehdh{x `b qiulmgig{ f`g{umfiq{hri li{n`kv$ mgk `dkiu lig

lmx n`dk lùi {umkh{h`gmd fyd{yumd gùlv mgk lx{nv {nm{ `qq`vi {` {ni v{iuhdhzm{h`gv'

Lmdi v{iuhdhzm{h`g hv hddicmd hg {ni f`yg{ux ey{ {ni yvi `b lmdi v{iuhdhzm{h`g li{n`kv hv

nhcniu {nmg f`gk`l ml`gc lmuuhik q`qydm{h`g' Lmdi v{iuhdhzm{h`g hv uiv{uhf{ik ex dms {`

{n`vi lig sn`vi shriv nmri eiig mqqu`rik ey{ mui ygmedi {` ygkiuc` v{iuhdhzm{h`g bù

likhfmd uimv`gv' [nyv$ lig nmv {ni q`dhfx emuuhiu {` ygkiuc` r`dyg{mux v{iuhdhzm{h`g irig

{n`ycn {nix uimdhzi {nm{ {nix nmri m vhcghbhfmg{ u`di hg vmrhgc s`ligv dhbi ex {mjhgc

uivq`gvhehdh{x hg ehu{n vqmfhgc ml`gc lmuuhik q`qydm{h`g mgk {` hlqu`ri s`lig nimd{n'

Lig mui q`ùdx hgbùlik vi~ymdh{x mgk uiqu`kyf{h`g mgk giik hgbùlm{h`g me`y{ lmdi

mgk bilmdi f`g{umfiq{h`g' [nix mdv` giik {ni f`gbhkigfi mgk cyhkmgfi `g n`s {` vnmui

kifhvh`gv mgk gic`{hm{i fn`hfiv sh{n {nihu qmu{giuv bù {mjhgc uivq`gvhehdh{x mv qmu{ `b

uikyfhgc LLU' @g {ni `{niu nmgk$ {ni nhcn,dirid kifhvh`g lmjiuv nmri g`{ f`gvhkiuik


11/16

xi{ {ni mffivv `b lmdi ehu{n vqmfhgc mf{hrh{hiv hg i~hv{hgc q`dhfhiv Mgk mdv` q`dh{hfmd

f`llh{lig{ mgk fdhghfmd viurhfiv mui giikik {` ei mkkuivvik {` qu`rhki r`dyg{mux lmdi

v{iuhdhzm{h`g sh{n {ni mhl `b uikyfhgc lm{iugmd kim{n ex 51=9' Dmfj `b f`llh{lig{ bù

ligv f`g{umfiq{hri nimd{n giikv f`g{uhey{iv {` hgfuimvi lm{iugmd kim{n mfu`vv {ni

f`yg{ux'

HR' LIGV UIQU@KYF[HRI NIMD[N LMGMCILIG[

Lmgmchgc `b {ni ligv uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n qu`cumlliv$ ligv uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n

einmrhù mgk ligv uivq`gvhehdh{hiv hg f`g{umfiq{h`g fmg f`g{uhey{i {` kifuimvi lm{iugmd

kim{n mgk {` lii{ {ni {muci{ik c`md ex 51=9' [nhv hv {ni {hli bù {ni c`riuglig{ hg nimd{n

vif{ù {` f`gvhkiu vyqqù{hgc ligv ibbif{hri qmu{hfhqm{h`g bù uikyfhgc LLU ex

qu`rhkhgc q`dhfhiv$ qu`cumlliv mgk hgbumv{uyf{yui hg {ni qyedhf nimd{n vif{ù' Ex

hgriv{hgc hg nimd{n bù lig .=9,21( snhfn hv 58'9) `b {`{md q`qydm{h`g$ {nix fmg lùi

ibbif{hridx f`g{uhey{i hg viriumd vif{ùv vyfn mv hlqu`rhgc s`ligv nimd{n$ uikyfhgc

meù{h`g mgk LLU$ hlqu`rhgc bmlhdx mgk f`llygh{x nimd{n mv sidd mv hlqu`rhgc

if`g`lhf v{m{yv `b {ni f`yg{ux' [niuibùi$ hgriv{hgc mgk lmgmchgc ligv nimd{n nmri

lyd{h eigibh{v bù {ni f`yg{ux'


12/16

HR'=' Qu`rhkhgc giikv bù Lig =9,5; .X`y{n(? Hgriv{lig{ bù By{yui

Ikyfm{hgc x`y{n hv {ni l`v{ ibbif{hri hgriv{lig{ bù {ni by{yui' Ex hgriv{hgc hg lmdi

x`y{n UN giikv$ {ni ygsmg{ik quicgmgfx um{i$ {ni lm{iugmd lù{mdh{x um{i mgk NHR/MHKV

quirmdigfi um{i ml`gc x`y{n shdd kifuimvi hg {ni f`yg{ux' [ni Lhghv{ux `b Nimd{n nmv {`

qu`rhki {mhdùik qu`cumlliv f`ddmeùm{hgc sh{n Lhghv{ux `b Ikyfm{h`g$ YG mcigfhiv$

HGC@v mgk DGC@v bù ibbif{hri vi~ ikyfm{h`g qu`cumlliv bù hg,vfn``d x`y{n' [ni vi~

ikyfm{h`g qu`cumlliv bù lmdi vn`ydk ei qmhk lùi b`fyv m{{ig{h`g ex qu`rhkhgc lmdi

buhigkdx khvfyvvh`g vivvh`g$ bù hgv{mgfi$ qu`rhkhgc lmdi ikyfm{ùv bù lmdi x`y{n' [ni

Lhghv{ux `b Nimd{n hv hlqdilig{hgc lmgx vi~ymd mgk uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n qu`cumlliv

{`ci{niu sh{n lmgx YG mcigfhiv$ HGC@v mgk DGC@v' [niui mui lmgx {umhgik x`y{n

ikyfm{ùv$ qiiu ikyfm{ùv mgk vjhddik {umhgiuv `g UN' [nix fmg ibbif{hridx khvvilhgm{i

UN hgbùlm{h`g {` hg,vfn``dv x`y{n .lmdi mgk bilmdi( um{niu {nmg bilmdi vfn``d {imfniuv'

Bù {ni `y{,vfn``d x`y{n$ {ni Lhghv{ux `b Nimd{n nmv {` hgfuimvi f`ddmeùm{h`g sh{n YG

mcigfhiv mgk HGC@v mgk DGC@v bù `y{ uimfn vi~ ikyfm{h`g mf{hrh{hiv hgfdykhgc

f`g{umfiq{hri li{n`kv' @g {ni `{niu nmgk$ x`y{n buhigkdx vqmfi vqifhbhfmddx lig buhigkdx

vqmfiv hg nimd{n vi{{hgc hg iriux dirid nmv {` ei qu`rhkik bù {ni UN viurhfiv' Hgbùlm{h`g

me`y{ vi~ymdh{x$ ivqifhmddx bù x`ygc lig$ hv {ni mrmhdmehdh{x `b c``k$ fdimu$ g`g,

oykclig{md hgb ulm{h g `g m shki umgci `b vyeoif{v: hgfdykhgc {ni qnxvh d`cx `b

uiqu`kyf{h`g$ nimd{n vi~ymd uidm{h`gvnhq$ vjhddv {` f`llyghfm{i sh{n qmu{giuv `g vi~ymd

uiqu`kyf{hri lm{{iuv$ qu`{if{h`g mcmhgv{ V[Hv$ f`g{umfiq{h`g$ f`gk`l yvi mgk meù{h`g'

[niui vn`ydk ei m qmu{hfydmu qdmfi bù lmdi hg iriux n`vqh{md mgk uyumd nimd{n fig{iuv

sniui {nix fmg ci{ hgbùlm{h`g mgk viurhfiv hgfdykhgc uimkhdx mgk fnimqdx mrmhdmedi

f`gk`l vyqqdhiv bù {nihu vmbi mgk nimd{nx vi~ymd dhbi snhfn mbbif{v {nihu by{yui bmlhdhiv


13/16

mv sidd mv uikyfhgc meù{h`g um{i' Mv lig{h`gik me`ri$ x`y{n dimug me`y{ vi~ bu`l {nihu

buhigkv$ v` {ni vmbi igrhu`glig{ bù x`y{n qdmxv mv m jix bmf{ù' X`y{n nmri {` ei

vyuu`ygkik ex bydd `b uhcn{ hgbùlm{h`g uiv`yufiv mv imudx ig`ycn {` qu`rhki mgk i}yhq

jg`sdikci {` dhri nimd{nx vi~ymd dhriv mgk mr`hk quirig{hri lm{iugmd kim{nv kyi {`

hgvybbhfhig{ f`g{umfiq{hri yvi bù s`lig' Lmdi x`y{n fmg ei ibbif{hridx hgr`drik hg

uikyfhgc meù{h`g ex di{{hgc jg`s {nihu u`di mgk uivq`gvhehdh{x hg {ni qyedhf nimd{n vif{ù

mgk qu`rhkhgc vyqqù{hri igrhu`glig{ bù {nihu {mjhgc uivq`gvhehdh{hiv' Bhgmddx$ hgkyfi

meù{h`g um{i$ lm{iugmd kim{n um{i mv {ni f`gvi}yigfiv `b ygsmg{ik meù{h`g ml`gc x`y{n

mgk {ni quirmdigfi `b NHR/MHKV hgfdykhgc V[Hv shdd ei kifuimvik hg {ni f`yg{ux'

HR'5' Qu`rhkhgc giik bù Lig 59,68? Hgriv{hgc hg Lig bù Bmlhdx Nimd{n

Jg`sdikci bù vnmuhgc uivq`gvhehdh{hiv hv gifivvmux hg eyhdkhgc bmlhdhiv' Eyhdkhgc m

bmlhdx hv qmu{giuhgc mv sidd mv kifhvh`g lmjhgc bù nmrhgc fnhdkuig ei{siig f`yqdiv'

Qu`rhkhgc hgbùlm{h`g mgk viurhfiv bù f`g{umfiq{hri li{n`kv {` lig mgk qu`rhkhgc vjhddv

{` vnmui uivq`gvhehdh{x hg bmlhdx qdmgghgc {igk {` hgfuimvi lm{iugmd mgk bmlhdx nimd{n mv

sidd mv bmlhdx if`g`lhf v{m{yv' Ex qu`rhkhgc lig buhigkdx fùgiu hg iriux dirid `b nimd{n

fig{iuv$ {ni gifivvmux vjhddv$ hgb ulm{h g mgk viurhfiv bù lmuuhik lig mdv` fmg ei

khvvilhgm{ik' Lig hg {nhv fm{icùx giik {` jg`s n`s {` quirig{ ygsmg{ik quicgmgfhiv

ex yvhgc f`gk`lv ibbif{hridx ù ex uimfnhgc mg mcuiilig{ sh{n {nihu qmu{giu me`y{ {ni

yvi `b mg ibbif{hri vnù{,{iul ù d`gc,{iul f`g{umfiq{hri li{n`k' Bù lig {` ei medi {`

{mdj {` {nihu qmu{giu me`y{ f`g{umfiq{h`g$ {nix giik f`llyghfm{h`g vjhddv$ mv sidd mv

hgbùlm{h`g me`y{ {ni kmgciuv mgk nimd{n quèdilv {nm{ v`li s`lig i~qiuhigfi hg

quicgmgfx mgk fnhdkehu{n , hgbùlm{h`g {nm{ shdd ei{{iu quiqmui lig {` vyqqù{ {nihu


14/16

qmu{giuv' Mgk lig giik mgk smg{ jg`sdikci mgk dhbi vjhddv {nm{ shdd nidq {nil eif`li

bm{niuv' Mkyd{ lig$ {``$ `b{ig giik emvhf vi~ymd mgk uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n hgbùlm{h`g$ mv

sidd mv m lùi vqifhbhf ygkiuv{mgkhgc `b {nihu e`khiv$ v` {nm{$ {nix fmg khvfyvv mgk qmvv

{ni jg`sdikci {` {nihu fnhdkuig vqifhbhfmddx {` {nihu v`gv' Bù {ni viurhfiv$ ligv fùgiu

vn`ydk mdv` qu`rhki {ni ibbif{hri {iv{hgc bù V[Hv hgfdykhgc NHR/MHKV mgk {uim{lig{ sh{n

uivqif{byd mgk divv oykclig{md k`f{ù mgk nimd{n fmui sùjiuv'

HR'6' Lig ;1,21? Hgriv{hgc hg Ligv Kifhvh`g `g F`g{umfiq{h`g

[ni c`riuglig{ nmv {` f`llh{ mkkuivv ligv qiulmgig{ f`g{umfiq{hri giik vhgfi l`v{

`b {ni lig ;1,21 nmri lmuuhik mgk f`lqdi{hgc nmrhgc fnhdkuig' [ni c`riuglig{ vn`ydk

mdd`s mgk dicmdhzi r`dyg{mux lmdi f`g{umfiq{h`g eifmyvi `b {ni vyurix uivyd{ vn`sg hg

Bhcyui'=$ {ni yvi `b lmdi v{iuhdhzm{h`g ='9) hv nhcniu {nmg yvi `b f`gk`l 1'6) ml`gc

lmuuhik q`qydm{h`g' Lmdi v{iuhdhzm{h`g qu`cumlliv vn`ydk ei hlqdilig{ik {ni qyuq`vi `b

uikyfhgc ygsmg{ik quicgmgfhiv$ ygvmbi meù{h`g mgk lm{iugmd kim{n' Lmgx v{ykhiv b`ygk

`y{ {nm{ hg `{niu f`yg{uhiv$ lmdi v{iuhdhzm{h`g nmv lmgx bmrùmedi uimv`gv f`lqmui {nmg

bilmdi v{iuhdhzm{h`g mgk ibbif{hridx f`g{uhey{i {` hlqu`ri s`lig mgk bmlhdx nimd{n

bhgmddx if`g`lhf kirid`qlig{ `b {ni bmlhdhiv' Uiv{uhf{h g `g lmdi v{iuhdhzm{h`g fmg

m{{uhey{i {` lmgx bmf{ùv? {ni cuim{iu l`{hrm{h`g ml`gc s`lig {nmg ml`gc lig {` mr`hk

ygsmg{ik quicgmgfx eifmyvi h{ hv s`lig sn` ci{ quicgmg{: {ni eidhib nidk ex v`li lig

{nm{ v{iuhdhzm{h`g dimkv {` m d`vv `b rhuhdh{x: {ni dmfj `b qyedhf hgbùlm{h`g me`y{ {ni vhlqdi

vyuchfmd {ifng d`cx g`s mrmhdmedi: mgk {ni uidyf{mgfi `b gm{h`gmd bmlhdx qdmgghgc

qu`cumlliv {` iv{medhvn lmdi v{iuhdhzm{h`g viurhfiv mgk {` qyedhfhzi {nil mki}ym{idx'


15/16

R' F@GFDYVH@G UIF@LLIGKM[H@G

Hgriv{hgc hg ligv nimd{n qu`cumlliv hv cu`shgc$ mgk {niui hv hgfuimvhgc irhkigfi {nm{

vyfn qu`cumlliv fmg ei ibbif{hri hg hlqu`rhgc lmdi mgk bilmdi uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n$

bmlhdx nimd{n$ sidd,eihgc mgk if`g`lhf v{m{yv `b bmlhdhiv' Lmdi,hgr`drilig{ idilig{v

mui giikik hg uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n qu`cumlliv hg mdd v{mciv `b kirid`qlig{,,bu`l {ni

imudx v{mciv hg snhfn f`llygh{x mgk q`dh{hfmd vyqqù{ hv fuh{hfmd {` dm{iu v{mciv {nm{ b`fyv

`g i~qmgkhgc mgk hlqu`rhgc viurhfiv' Bù qu`rhkhgc ligv giikv$ viurhfiv vn`ydk ei

mffivvhedi mgk quòif{v lyv{ ei fmuibyddx {mhdùik {` lii{ {ni vqifhmd giikv `b x`ygc lig$

mkyd{ lig$ q`ù lig mgk lhgùh{x lig' Mkkh{h`gmddx$ lmdi,ùhig{ik qu`cumlv vn`ydk

f`gvhkiu {ni eu`mkiu giikv `b e`xv mgk lig bù ikyfm{h`g mgk vn`ydk nidq vi~ymdh{x hg

{ni f`g{i~{ `b {ni dmuciu v`fhmd$ fyd{yumd mgk if`g`lhf f`gkh{h`gv {nm{ vnmqi {nihu

einmrhù' Bù bhddhgc {ni cmqv `b ligv giikv bù uiqu`kyf{hri nimd{n vqifhbhfmddx `g

f`g{umfiq{h`g$ lùi uivimufniv mui giik {` ei k`gi hg f`yg{ux bù ibbif{hri qu`cumlliv

kivhcg mgk hlqdilig{m{h`g mffùkhgc {` fyd{yui$ eidhibv$ gùlv mgk i{nghfmd v{mgkmukv `b

{ni vqifhbhf cu`yqv `b lig' Bhgmddx$ hgriv{hgc hg ligv nimd{n qu`lhviv cmhgv hg nimd{n bù

mdd mgk {nivi =2'58 lhddh`g `b nimd{nx lig dmeù bùfi fmg ibbif{hridx euhgc {ni f`yg{ux {`

nhcn vyffivv hg if`g`lhf v{m{yv'


16/16

RH' UIBIUIGFIV

=' Lxmglmu Uiqu`kyf{hri Nimd{n Q`dhfx$ Lm{iugmd mgk Fnhdk Nimd{n Kiqmu{lig{$

Lhghv{ux `b Nimd{n$ {ni C`riuglig{ `b {ni Ygh`g `b Lxmglmu

5' Lxmglmu Biu{hdh{x mgk Uiqu`kyf{hri Nimd{n Vyurix$ 511=$ Quidhlhgmux Uiqù{$Lhghv{ux `b Hllhcum{h`g mgk Q`qydm{h`g$ Xmgc`g$ Lxmglmu 5116

6' Sùdk Nimd{n @ucmghzm{h g V`y{n,Imv{ Mvhm Uich`gmd @bbhfi .SN@/VIMU@(

511;' Bmlhdx Qdmgghgc Bmf{ Vnii{? Lxmglmu mgk Ehu{n Vqmfhgc? Mg @riurhis

;' Gm{h`gshki Fmyvi Vqifhbhf Lm{iugmd Lù{mdh{x Vyurix 511;,5119

9' V{m{hv{hfmd Ximu E``j 5112$ Fig{umd V{m{hv{hfmd @ucmghzm{h`g$ Lhghv{ux @b Gm{h`gmd

qdmgghgc mgk If`g`lhf Kirid`qlig{$ [ni C`riuglig{ `b {ni Ygh`g `b Lxmglmu

2' Omrhiu$ Mviu E' 5115' Qyedhf Ig{uiquigiyuvnhq mv m D`fmd C`riugmgfi V{um{icx hg

Kifig{umdhzhgc Q`dh{x$ q' =3,5;

3' Li{fmdbi$ Div' =88;' Qyedhf Lmgmcilig{? bu`l Hlh{m{h`g {` Hgg`rm{h`g hg

J``lhg$ Om' =88;' L`kiug C`riugmgfi$ Gis C`riuglig{,V`fhi{x Hg{iumf{h`g'

Vmci Qyedhfm{h`g? q,=3;

>' Qhg{ $ U`ciuh B' =88>' Hgg`rm{h gv hg {ni Qu`rhvh`g `b Qyedhf C``kv mgk

Viurhfiv' Qyedhf Mklhghv{um{h`g mgk C`riuglig{' =>$ q'6>3,683

8' Hg [nihu @sg Uhcn{$ Mkkuivvhgc {ni Vi~ymd mgk Uiqu`kyf{hri Nimd{n Giikv `b

Lig Sùdk Shki$ [ni Mdmg Cy{{lmfniu Hgv{h{y{i 5116

=1' Lmdi Hgr`drilig{ hg Uiqu`kyf{hri Nimd{n$ Hgfdykhgc Bmlhdx Qdmgghgc mgk Vi~ymd

Nimd{n$ YGBQM [ifnghfmd Uiqù{$ G`' 5>

==' N`s Uiqu`kyf{hri Nimd{n Viurhfiv Sùj [` Uikyfi Q`riu{x$ Bmf{ Vnii{$ Viuhiv

=;$ Q`qydm{h`g Mf{h`g Hg{iugm{h`gmd

=5' F`g{umfiq{h`g? Mg Hgriv{lig{ hg Dhriv$ Nimd{n mgk Kirid`qlig{$ 511> Viuhiv$

G`'9' Ygh{ik Gm{h`gv Q`qydm{h`g Bygk

=6' Lig? Jix Qmu{giuv hg Uiqu`kyf{hri Nimd{n$ Euxmg{ Uèix$ Idhzmei{n [n`lmv$

V`ydhlmgi Emu`$ Vhkjh J`gi$ mgk Cyx Jqmjq` =88>

=;' Mevig{ mgk Quèdilm{hf Lig? Kil`cumqnhf Mff`yg{v `b Lmdi Uiqu kyf{hri

U`div$ Lmucmui{ I' Cuiigi " Mgg I' Ehkkdif`l$ =883 G`' =16$ Q`qydm{h g

F`ygfhd

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