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Technology Innovation in Technology Innovation in Turkey:Turkey:
Opportunities & ChallengesOpportunities & ChallengesA. Mete ÇAKMAKCIA. Mete ÇAKMAKCI
Technology Development Foundation of TurkeyTechnology Development Foundation of Turkey
Turkey Business & Investment SummitTurkey Business & Investment Summit
6 June 2008, İstanbul6 June 2008, İstanbul
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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One of the fastest growing tourist attractions in the world.One of the fastest growing tourist attractions in the world.
Brand often associated with excotic fun.Brand often associated with excotic fun.
Can we develop a technology aspect to attract investment Can we develop a technology aspect to attract investment
and talent?and talent?
The StoryThe Story
A blessing or a curse?A blessing or a curse?
Many potential social problems. Growth and job creationMany potential social problems. Growth and job creation
is an urgency. is an urgency.
(urban population : 55%, will be 85% in 2015)(urban population : 55%, will be 85% in 2015)
Public funded many mega infra-structure projectsPublic funded many mega infra-structure projects
Recently BOT and privatization is picking-upRecently BOT and privatization is picking-up
Most modern infrastructures of the regionMost modern infrastructures of the region
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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Turkey is excelling in production of light commercial vehicles.Turkey is excelling in production of light commercial vehicles.
Many facilities receiving `best in the world` awards. SectorMany facilities receiving `best in the world` awards. Sector
exports are leading, R&D is picking up.exports are leading, R&D is picking up.
Will consumer products be next?Will consumer products be next?
OutlookOutlook
Competition is forcing the manufacturing sectors seek value inCompetition is forcing the manufacturing sectors seek value in
design and innovation. design and innovation.
Will strategic focus on R&D for early entry to the markets follow?Will strategic focus on R&D for early entry to the markets follow?
Some `sunset` sectors are shining again.Some `sunset` sectors are shining again.
Will textiles be next?Will textiles be next?
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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Human CapitalHuman Capital
1,900,000 students in 76 universities (%40 female) 1,900,000 students in 76 universities (%40 female)
110,000 working towards advanced degrees (25,000 PhD)110,000 working towards advanced degrees (25,000 PhD)
76,000 academicians (%37 female) 76,000 academicians (%37 female)
Engineering Dept. : 113,681 registered (16,481 graduated in 2003) – Top students still Engineering Dept. : 113,681 registered (16,481 graduated in 2003) – Top students still
choose engineering !choose engineering !
Science Dept. (including computer) : 102,897 registered (14,700 graduated)Science Dept. (including computer) : 102,897 registered (14,700 graduated)
R&D Staff : 28,964 (FTE - 2002) ; Private : 5,918 – very low (Germany ~480,000 (FTE) R&D Staff : 28,964 (FTE - 2002) ; Private : 5,918 – very low (Germany ~480,000 (FTE)
total)total)
There are over 50,000 Turkish students enrolled in University Programs abroad. (Over There are over 50,000 Turkish students enrolled in University Programs abroad. (Over
13,000 are in the US, %2,6 of all foreign students in the US, in the top 10)13,000 are in the US, %2,6 of all foreign students in the US, in the top 10)
340 from Turkey out of 11,516 S&E PhD awards in the USA in 2005340 from Turkey out of 11,516 S&E PhD awards in the USA in 2005
1,355 Turkish Academic Scholars employed in the US in 2005 - 20061,355 Turkish Academic Scholars employed in the US in 2005 - 2006
Ministry of Education and Higher Education Authority have generous scholarship programs.Ministry of Education and Higher Education Authority have generous scholarship programs.
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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National Innovation SystemNational Innovation System
YPK : Supreme Planning Council BTYK : Supreme Council on Science and Technology YÖK : Council on Higher Education MEB : Ministry of Education MB : Ministry of Finance DPT : State Planning OrganizationDTM : Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade STB : Ministry of Industry and Trade KOSGEB : SME AgencyTPE : Patent Institute TSE : Standards Institute
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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R&D ProgramsR&D Programs Turkey has an extensive experience in R&D support programs. Established structures Turkey has an extensive experience in R&D support programs. Established structures
and processes. However lacks large integrated sector/technology specific national and processes. However lacks large integrated sector/technology specific national
programs. Many replications in investments. Effect analysis and inventory lacking.programs. Many replications in investments. Effect analysis and inventory lacking.
IPR issues with TUBITAK funding. (new legislation in the pipeline)IPR issues with TUBITAK funding. (new legislation in the pipeline)
2002-2006 period national R&D spending doubled. 2013 target 26 Billon YTL (50% by 2002-2006 period national R&D spending doubled. 2013 target 26 Billon YTL (50% by
private sector.) Issues with human supply. 7 Billion YTL to be spent on R&D support private sector.) Issues with human supply. 7 Billion YTL to be spent on R&D support
programs. programs.
2008 Government R&D funding 1,3 Billion YTL2008 Government R&D funding 1,3 Billion YTL
Share of Private Sector in R&D spending : 37% Share of Private Sector in R&D spending : 37%
Basic Research and Applied Research Programs in 2008 :Basic Research and Applied Research Programs in 2008 :
TARAL by TUBITAK : 702 Million YTL (270 Million in Project Supports)TARAL by TUBITAK : 702 Million YTL (270 Million in Project Supports)
R&D Infrastructure Supports : 260 Million YTLR&D Infrastructure Supports : 260 Million YTL
Industrial R&D Supports to Private Companies in 2008 :Industrial R&D Supports to Private Companies in 2008 :
285 Million YTL (260 Million YTL by TUBITAK as grants, 21 Million YTL by TTGV as 285 Million YTL (260 Million YTL by TUBITAK as grants, 21 Million YTL by TTGV as
loans)loans)
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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A ComparisonA Comparison
Turkey Compared in terms of selected KE MetricsTurkey Compared in terms of selected KE Metrics
SourceSource : WB Knowledge Assesment Methodology Homepage : http:// : WB Knowledge Assesment Methodology Homepage : http://www.worldbank.org/kamwww.worldbank.org/kam
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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Specializing in Mid-High TechnologiesSpecializing in Mid-High Technologies
Turkey as a specialist in mid-high Turkey as a specialist in mid-high
technology sectors is slowly progressing technology sectors is slowly progressing
high-tech markets. high-tech markets.
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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SourceSource : OECD STI, 2005 : OECD STI, 2005
Cross FundingCross FundingPrivate Sector Funds University ResearchPrivate Sector Funds University Research
Ratio of Government Funded Business R&D : %4,2 (2004) Ratio of Government Funded Business R&D : %4,2 (2004)
(OECD : %7,0 EU-27 : %7,9 Spain : %12,5 Poland : %13,7 (2004))(OECD : %7,0 EU-27 : %7,9 Spain : %12,5 Poland : %13,7 (2004))
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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SourceSource : OECD STI, 2005 : OECD STI, 2005
Attracting International R&DAttracting International R&D
Turkey’s Branding as a R&D Center is Still WeakTurkey’s Branding as a R&D Center is Still Weak
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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Tax Incentives to R&DTax Incentives to R&DTax incentives developing as incentives for university collaboration, Tax incentives developing as incentives for university collaboration,
aglomoration effects and critical R&D massaglomoration effects and critical R&D mass
SourceSource : OECD STI, 2007 : OECD STI, 2007
Technoloy Development Zones : Tax exemptions for corporate, personal and VATTechnoloy Development Zones : Tax exemptions for corporate, personal and VAT
Universal Tax Law (recent) : tax deductions for cost of R&D, personal income exemptions Universal Tax Law (recent) : tax deductions for cost of R&D, personal income exemptions
and social security payment subsidies. and social security payment subsidies.
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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Research Clusters : AnkaraResearch Clusters : Ankara
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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Research : Critical MassResearch : Critical Mass
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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TTGV : Who are we?TTGV : Who are we?
A public private partnership specialized as a program agency established in 1991. Not A public private partnership specialized as a program agency established in 1991. Not
for profit structured as a foundation, founders include large Turkish companies, for profit structured as a foundation, founders include large Turkish companies,
government agencies, NGOs and private citizens. Private sector absolute majority in government agencies, NGOs and private citizens. Private sector absolute majority in
the board, transparent accountable light structure (subject to 4 separate audits the board, transparent accountable light structure (subject to 4 separate audits
including by one international independent auditor) with only 47 full time employees. including by one international independent auditor) with only 47 full time employees.
Operates public loan programs for private sector technological innovation and Operates public loan programs for private sector technological innovation and
environmental conversion programs, advanced institutional investor in PE/VC fundsenvironmental conversion programs, advanced institutional investor in PE/VC funds
Technology Development Funding : matching funds soft loans upto 1 M USD in TTGV Technology Development Funding : matching funds soft loans upto 1 M USD in TTGV
funding for max 24 months operated since 1991.funding for max 24 months operated since 1991.
Institutional Investor : TURKVEN TPEF-1, IşGirişim, TeknolojiYatırım, iVCi.Institutional Investor : TURKVEN TPEF-1, IşGirişim, TeknolojiYatırım, iVCi.
Programs towards environment technologies in industry (soft loan schemes)Programs towards environment technologies in industry (soft loan schemes)
Operates Technology Service Centers for various sectors. Funded Technopark Operates Technology Service Centers for various sectors. Funded Technopark
projects.projects.
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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Geography of TDFGeography of TDF
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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TDF : StatisticsTDF : Statistics
Average TDF Project Size is 300 K USDAverage TDF Project Size is 300 K USD
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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TDF : StatisticsTDF : Statistics
Demand remains to be an issue for the support deliveryDemand remains to be an issue for the support delivery
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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iVCi : Istanbul VC InitiativeiVCi : Istanbul VC Initiative
A dedicated fund of funds operation to expand Turkish A dedicated fund of funds operation to expand Turkish VC markets launched in November 2007.VC markets launched in November 2007.
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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Gradual non-captive spin-off processGradual non-captive spin-off process
In-house capacity toIn-house capacity toselect, close, manageselect, close, manageand divest. and divest.
ProfessionalProfessionalExpertsExperts
InvestorsInvestors
Lead-invest, Co-investLead-invest, Co-invest
Services, ConsultancyServices, Consultancy
ValidationValidationCredibilityCredibilityReferenceReference
Identifying opportunitiesIdentifying opportunitiesPre-incubation, Pre-incubation, mentoring, ,mentoring, ,advise (if needed)advise (if needed)
High-tech start-upsHigh-tech start-ups
Institutional InvestorsInstitutional Investors
Start-up : Teknoloji Yatırım ModelStart-up : Teknoloji Yatırım Model
Turkey Business & Investment Summit : TTGV 2008
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Innovation Profile of Turkish IndustryInnovation Profile of Turkish Industry
SourceSource : World Basnk ICS Turkey, 2007 : World Basnk ICS Turkey, 2007
Nature of Innovation ActivitiesNature of Innovation Activities
Sources of Innovations to the FirmSources of Innovations to the Firm
Photo : kind courtesy of METUTECHPhoto : kind courtesy of METUTECH
Arı TeknokentArı Teknokent
Arı 2 Binası A Blok Kat:7Arı 2 Binası A Blok Kat:7
İTÜ Ayazağa Yerleşkesi Koru YoluİTÜ Ayazağa Yerleşkesi Koru Yolu
Maslak 34469 İstanbul, TURKEYMaslak 34469 İstanbul, TURKEY
www.teknolojiyatirim.com.trwww.teknolojiyatirim.com.tr
Cyberpark, CyberplazaCyberpark, Cyberplaza
B Blok Kat:6B Blok Kat:6
Bilkent 06800 Ankara, TURKEYBilkent 06800 Ankara, TURKEY
www.ttgv.org.trwww.ttgv.org.tr