INVESTIGATORY,ART,:,, - Edward Shanken · A #Peter#Lipmann,## ##### #President,#Hugo#Boss### Haacke’s#works#challenge#the#tradi&onal# aesthe&c#no&on#of#ideal#&me#and#ﬁt#

“…#ar&sts#are#“devia&on#amplifying”#systems,#or#individuals#who,#because#of#psychological#makeup,#are#compelled#to#reveal#psychic#truths#at#the#expense#of#the#exis&ng#societal#homeostasis.##With#increasing#aggressiveness,#one#of#the#ar&st’s#func&ons#…#is#to#specify#how#technology#uses#us.”#####A###Jack#Burnham,#“Real#Time#Systems”#(1969)##

INVESTIGATORY,ART,:,,

INSTITUTIONAL,CRITIQUE,,REAL3TIME,SYSTEMS,,AND,NETWORK,CULTURE,

Edward#A#Shanken#Dorothy#Kayser#Hohenberg#COE#Lecture#II#

University#of#Memphis##

April#2,#2013##

www.artexetra.com#

The#outcomes#of#‘inves&gatory#art,’#like#those#of##inves&ga&ve#journalism,#have#no#legal#authority#but#they#can#act#as#an#agent#for#change#by#crea&ng#public#awareness#that#ins&gates#ac&on.##

Hans#Haacke#–#social#systems#and#art#patronage#A#exemplar#of#inves&gatory#art/ins&tu&onal#cri&que#of#late#1960s#Jack#Burnham#A#“Systems#Esthe&cs”###Ar#orum''(Sep#1968)#A#“Real#Time#Systems”#Ar#orum'#(Sep#1969)##.##

In,Part,1:,,,

Hans#Haacke#–#social#systems#and#art#patronage#A#exemplar#of#inves&gatory#art/ins&tu&onal#cri&que#of#late#1960s#Jack#Burnham#A#“Systems#Esthe&cs”###Ar#orum''(Sep#1968)#A#“Real#Time#Systems”#Ar#orum'#(Sep#1969)##The#tendency#to#abstract#the#concrete#materiality#of#things#into#ephemeral#informa&on#related#to#technological,#economic,#and#cultural#constructs:##computeriza&on#and#telecommunica&ons,#the#shib#from#industry#to#postAindustry,#and#the#soAcalled#“dematerialisa&on#of#art”###

In,Part,1:,,,

Hans#Haacke#–#social#systems#and#art#patronage#A#exemplar#of#inves&gatory#art/ins&tu&onal#cri&que#of#late#1960s#Jack#Burnham#A#“Systems#Esthe&cs”###Ar#orum''(Sep#1968)#A#“Real#Time#Systems”#Ar#orum'#(Sep#1969)##The#tendency#to#abstract#the#concrete#materiality#of#things#into#ephemeral#informa&on#related#to#technological,#economic,#and#cultural#constructs:##computeriza&on#and#telecommunica&ons,#the#shib#from#industry#to#postAindustry,#and#the#soAcalled#“dematerialisa&on#of#art”###Amplified#in#recent#social#forma&ons:##openAsource#development#and#the#gib#economy,#par&cipatory#culture#incl.#interac&ve#art,#social#media,#and#SL,#and#discourses#on#the#posthuman.##

In,Part,1:,,,

“The#House#that#Jack#Built:#Jack#Burnham’s#Concept##of#Sobware#as#a#Metaphor##for#Art,”#1998# “Reprogramming#Systems#

Aesthe&cs…”#2009#

“In#Forming#So)ware,”'2012#

“systemic'artworks#had#emerged#with#a#vengeance#[…].#Burnham’s#concerns#[…]#seem#tailorAmade#for#the#contemporary#art#world.”###

Caroline#Jones,#‘Systems#Symptoms:##Jack#Burnham’s#“Systems#Esthe&cs”’#Ar#orum,#Sep#2012#(50th#anniversary)#

“systemic'artworks#had#emerged#with#a#vengeance#[…].#Burnham’s#concerns#[…]#seem#tailorAmade#for#the#contemporary#art#world.”##“Systemic#artworks#dialec&cally#reject#or#cri&cally#torque#the#virtual#ideologies#of#the#Internet#to#materialize'the#links#that#join#archival,#researchAdriven,#processAoriented,#laborAintensive,#recursive,#informa&onal#social,#and#communica&onal#aspects#of#art.”##

Caroline#Jones,#‘Systems#Symptoms:##Jack#Burnham’s#“Systems#Esthe&cs”’#Ar#orum,#Sep#2012.#(50th#anniversary)#

•  Current#technologies#enable#users#to#access#and#manipulate#previously#inaccessible#data#about#complex#(and#oben#hidden)#social#rela&onships.###

•  Strategic#ar&s&c#uses#of#digital#‘realA&me#systems’#provide#modes#of#rela&ng#to#and#interac&ng#with#informa&on#that#make#it#concrete#in#ways#that#are#par&cular#to#network#cultures.##

#

In,Part,II:,,

#PART,II:,,EXAMPLES,,

Heath#Bun&ng,#Own,'Be'Owned'or''' '

''''''''''''''''''''Remain'Invisible,'1998#Josh#On,#They'Rule,'2001#Übermorgen,#Google'Will'Eat'Itself,'2005#Beatrice#da#Costa,#Pigeon'Blog,#2006#Michael#Mandiberg,#Real'Costs,#2007##

In,Part,II:,,

#GOALS:,,,

,

1)  To#begin#to#map#some#of#the#similari&es#and#differences#in#cri&cal#artAmaking#spanning#four#decades#as#a#result#of#technological#innova&on#and#emerging#forms#of#sociability#and#cultural#par&cipa&on.#

#2)  Demonstrate#parallels#and#con&nui&es#among#

various#streams#of#prac&ce#that#typically#have#been#considered#as#categorically#discrete.##

3)  Bridge#the#soAcalled#‘digital#divide’#between#contemporary#art#and#new#media.##

#

Part,I:,,,Haacke,and,Burnham,–,Real,Time,Systems,

#Hans Haacke, Visitors’ Profile, 1970 Visitors’ Profile (proposed questionnaire, MOMA, Information Guggenheim.) Realized at Milwaukee Art Kynaston McShine, curator Center, 1971. Similar to Software, 1970

Jewish#Museum,#NY,#1970#Jack#Burnham,#curator# Hans#Haacke,#Visitor’s'Profile#(detail),#c#1970A71#

The'visitors,'in'effect,'were'producing'a'

collecLve'selfMportrait'in'a!parLcipatory'and'selfMreflecLve'process.'

''

Hans#Haacke,#“Lessons#Learned”#Tate'Papers'(Aut#2009)#

Jack Burnham, “Real Time Systems”, Artforum VIII:1 (September 1969): 49-55!


“realA&me#systems#gather#and#process#data#from#environments,#in#&me#to#effect#future#events#within#those#environments.”##


“realA&me#systems#gather#and#process#data#from#environments,#in'Lme'to'

effect'future'events'within#those#environments.”##

By#contrast,#‘ideal#&me’#concerns#the#contempla&on#of#beauty#in#isola&on#from#societal#and#temporal#con&ngencies.##


“realA&me#systems#gather#and#process#data#from#environments,#in'Lme'to'

effect'future'events'within#those#environments.”##

“What#a#few#ar&sts#are#beginning#to#give#the#public#is#real#&me#informa&on,#informa&on#with#no#hardware#value,#but#with#sobware#significance#for#effec&ng#awareness#of#events#in#the#present.”##

Jewish#Museum,#NY,#1970#Jack#Burnham,#curator#

The#processing#speed#of#the#computer#makes#it#possible#that#at#any#given#&me##the#sta&s&cal#evalua&on#of#all#answers##is#up#to#date#and#available.##The#constantly#changing#data#is#projected#onto#a#large#screen,#so#that#it#is#accessible#to#a#great#number#of#people.##Based#on#their#own#informa&on#a#sta&s&cal#profile#of#the#exhibi&on’s#visitors#emerges.#####Hans#Haacke,#ar&st’s#statement#in#So)ware:#34.##

Jewish#Museum,#NY,#1970#Jack#Burnham,#curator#

“The#ar&st’s#business#requires#his#involvement#with#prac&cally#everything#…#It#would#be#bypassing#the#issue#to#say#that#the#ar&st’s#business#is#how#to#work#with#this#and#that#material#…#and#that#the#rest#should#be#leb#to#other#professions#…#The#total#scope#of#informa&on#he#receives#everyday#is#of#concern.##An#ar&st#is#not#an#isolated#system#…#he#has#to#con&nuously#interact#with#the#world#around#him…”#######Hans#Haacke,#from#a#talk#delivered#at#the#Annual#Mee&ng#of#the#Intersocietal#Color#Council,#April,#1968.###

Hans#Haacke,#News,#in#So)ware''exhibi&on,#1970.#Jack#Burnham#on#leb.#

Hans#Haacke,#Shapolsky'et'al.'ManhaSan'

Real'Estate'Holdings,'a'RealMTime'System,'

as'of'May'1,'1971,#1971'

142#photos#of#New#York#apt#buildings,##2#maps#of#Lower#East#Side#and#Harlem#with#proper&es#marked,#6#charts#outlining#business#rela&ons#within#real#estate#group.#

Haacke,###L:##Solomon'R.'Guggenheim'Museum'Board'of'Trustees'(1974)#########R:##CreaLng'Consent#(1981)##

Haacke,###L:##Solomon'R.'Guggenheim'Museum'Board'of'Trustees'(1974)#########R:##CreaLng'Consent#(1981)##

An#unexamined#exchange#of#capital:#“financial#capital#on#the#part#of#the#sponsors#and#symbolic#capital#on#the#part#of#the#sponsored”#–#Bourdieu#&#Haacke,#1995#

We'are'not'patrons.'We'want'

something'for'the'money'we'

spend.'And'we'are'geXng'it.''''''

'

A #Peter#Lipmann,######## #President,#Hugo#Boss###

Haacke’s#works#challenge#the#tradi&onal#aesthe&c#no&on#of#ideal#&me#and#fit#Burnham’s#concep&on#of#realA&me#in#the#sense#that#they#undermine#idealis&c#no&ons#of#aesthe&c#autonomy.###

#Haacke,#Visitors’#Profile,#1970 #########

Haacke’s#works#challenge#the#tradi&onal#aesthe&c#no&on#of#ideal#&me#and#fit#Burnham’s#concep&on#of#realA&me#in#the#sense#that#they#undermine#idealis&c#no&ons#of#aesthe&c#autonomy.###Visitor’s'Profile#“offered#the#audience#an#opportunity#to#recognize#that#art#is#not#produced,#viewed#and#traded#in#an#aweAinspiring#world#apart#but#in#a#con&nuous#social#universe.”#(Haacke,#2009)##


Haacke’s#works#challenge#the#tradi&onal#aesthe&c#no&on#of#ideal#&me#and#fit#Burnham’s#concep&on#of#realA&me#in#the#sense#that#they#undermine#idealis&c#no&ons#of#aesthe&c#autonomy.###Visitor’s'Profile#“offered#the#audience#an#opportunity#to#recognize#that#art#is#not#produced,#viewed#and#traded#in#an#aweAinspiring#world#apart#but#in#a#con&nuous#social#universe.”#(Haacke,#2009)##Immaterial#informa&on#can#make#a#concrete#impact#on#the#future.#This#applies#as#much#to#the#cri&cal#insights#revealed#by#art#as#it#does#to#the#publicity#garnered#by#the#patrons#who#support#it.##


Part,II:,,,New,Media,Art,as,an,Extension,of,

Real,Time,Systems,and,InvesRgatory,Art#

Haacke’s#explora&ons#of#realA&me#interac&ve#systems,#combined#with#his#use#of#the#instantaneous#quality#of#digital#compu&ng,#can#now#be#interpreted#as#a#harbinger#of#more#recent#work#by#a#subsequent#genera&on#of#ar&sts#that#explicitly#use#electronic#media#as#a#plarorm#for#their#work.#

Heath#Bun&ng,'1998''Own,'Be'Owned,'or'Remain'Invisible#www.ira&onal.org/_readme.html##

www.all.com#A#unused#appraised#$1#million##

www.slot.com#redirects#to#cirsa.es#(gambling)#

“…#RL.com#is#owned#by#Richard#Lau….##“Domainer#of#the#Year”….#not#…##the#Hong##Kong#star#–#Andy#Lau,##

and#NO#this#domain#is#not#for#sale”##

“www.subAculture.com#may##be#for#sale…#contact#Jimmy.com”##

www.rl.com##


The#inves&ga&on#undertaken#in#Own,'Be'Owned#is#not#conducted#by#the#ar&st#and#delivered#as#a#fait'accomplit'to#the#viewer.##Rather,#it#is#performed#in#real#&me#by#the#viewer#who#is#explicitly#ac&vated#as#a#par&cipant#in#the#inves&ga&on.#


The#inves&ga&on#undertaken#in#Own,'Be'Owned#is#not#conducted#by#the#ar&st#and#delivered#as#a#fait'accomplit'to#the#viewer.##Rather,#it#is#performed#in#real#&me#by#the#viewer#who#is#explicitly#ac&vated#as#a#par&cipant#in#the#inves&ga&on.#

“This#new#‘metamedium’#is#acLve'–'it#can#respond#to#queries#and#experiments#–#so#that#the#messages#may#involve#the#learner#in#a#twoAway#conversa&on.”# ##

###A#Alan#Kay#and#Adele#Goldberg,#1977#


The#form'of#Own,'Be'Owned#equally#cons&tutes#is#message.###


The#form'of#Own,'Be'Owned#equally#cons&tutes#is#message.####It#endows#one#with#a#sense#of#agency#–#if#not#to#impact#the#future#then#at#least#to#ride#the#wave#of#“changing#modes#of#significa&on#[which]#affect#the#codes'as#well#as#the#subjects#of#representa&on.”##(Hayles,#1999)#


The#form'of#Own,'Be'Owned#equally#cons&tutes#is#message.####It#endows#one#with#a#sense#of#agency#–#if#not#to#impact#the#future#then#at#least#to#ride#the#wave#of#“changing#modes#of#significa&on#[which]#affect#the#codes'as#well#as#the#subjects#of#representa&on.”##(Hayles,#1999)#

It#possesses#an#electronic'tacLlity'that#parallels#the#real#economic#effects#of#EAcommerce.'

Josh#On,#They'Rule,#2004#


Mark#Lombardi,#Oliver'North,''Lake'Resources'of'Panama,''

and''the'IranMContra'OperaLon,''

ca.'1984M86,'4th'Version,#1999#

Mark#Lombardi,#George'W.'Bush,'Harken'Energy,'and'

'Jackson'Stevens'c.1979M90,#5th#version,#1999#


They'sit'on'the'boards'of'America’s'largest'companies.''

Many'sit'on'government'commiSees.''

They'make'decisions'that'affect'our'lives.''

They'rule.''

Josh#On,#They'Rule,#2004# Jacob#Moreno,#c#1950s##Sociogram#of#a#Football#Team#

Like#Moreno,#On#wanted#to#“reveal#the#hidden#structures#that#give#a#[corpora&on]#its#form:#the#alliances,#the#subgroups,#the#hidden#beliefs,#the#forbidden#agendas,#the#ideological#agreements,#the#‘stars’#of#the#show.”##


“[e]very#par&cipant#should#feel#about#the#experiment#that#it#is#his#(or#her)#own#cause#[…]#that#it#is#an#opportunity#for#him#(or#her)#to#become#an#ac&ve#agent#in#mapers#concerning#his#(or#her)#life#situa&on.”##A#Moreno,#1951#


“[e]very#par&cipant#should#feel#about#the#experiment#that#it#is#his#(or#her)#own#cause#[…]#that#it#is#an#opportunity#for#him#(or#her)#to#become#an#ac&ve#agent#in#mapers#concerning#his#(or#her)#life#situa&on.”##A#Moreno,#1951#

“I#gave#[people]#the#ability#to#actually#move#things#around#…#save#that#as#a#map,#and#annotate#it”##A#On,#2011#

Übermorgen#(Hans#Bernhard,#Liz#VLX)#with##A#Ludovico,#P#Cirio,#et#al##Google'Will'Eat'Itself'(GWEI),#2005#A6##


“this#autoAcannibalis&c#model##…deconstruct[s]#the#new#global#adverA&sement#mechanisms#by#rendering#them#into#a#surreal#clickAbased#ecoAnomic#model.#Aber#this#process#GWEI#hands#over#the#common#ownership#of#‘our’#Google#Shares#to#the#GTTP#Ltd.#[Google#To#The#People#Public#ComApany]#which#distributes#them#back#to#the#users#(clickers)/public.”#


Les#Levine,#Profit'System'One,'1969#

“On#March#27,#1969,#Levine#bought#five#hundred#common#shares#of#stock#in#the#Cassepe#Cartridge#Corpora&on.#Aber#a#period#of#one#year,#or#at#any#&me#which#it#is#deemed#profitable#prior#to#that,#the#Cassepe#Cartridge#shares#will#be#resold.#The#profit#or#loss#of#the#transac&on#will#become#the#work#of#art.”#

Levine#claimed#that#‘[w]hat#is#more#important#for#the#ar&st#to#deal#with#[…]#are#the#ambient#systems#and#the#sobware#paperns#which#influence#our#culture.’##'

'

'

'

GWEI#shares#a#similar#approach.#

Haacke,#Rhine'Water'PurificaLon'Plant,#1972#Museum#Haus#Lange,#Krefeld#

Beatrice#da#Costa,#Pigeon'Blog,#2006#

“Pollu&on#levels#were#visualized#and#ploped#in#realA&me#over#Google’s#mapping#environment,#thus#allowing#immediate#access#to#the#collected#informa&on#to#anyone#with#connec&on#to#the#Internet.”##A##Da#Costa,#2012#

Michael#Mandiberg,#The'Real'Costs,#2007#

Michael#Mandiberg,#The'Real'Costs,#2007#HSL/HRT#Journey#Planner,#Helsinki#

Michael#Mandiberg,#The'Real'Costs,#2007#HSL/HRT#Journey#Planner,#Helsinki#

Mandiberg’s#innova&ve#work#not#only#creates#awareness#in#an#art#context#but#also#an&cipates#and#provides#a#model#for#similar#applica&ons#in#a#larger#social#context#

[A]r&sts#are#‘devia&on#amplifying’#systems,#or#individuals#who,#because#of#psychological#makeup,#are#compelled#to#reveal#psychic#truths#at#the#expense#of#the#exis&ng#societal#homeostasis.#With#increasing#aggressiveness,#one#of#the#ar&st’s#func&ons#[…]#is#to#specify#how#technology#uses#us.########## # ##A#Jack#Burnham,#1968#


‘Just'as'the'enLre'mode'of'existence'of'human'collecLves'

changes'[…]'so'too'does'their'mode'of'percepLon.#The#way#in#which#human#percep&on#is#organized#–#the#medium#in#which#it#occurs#–#is#condi&oned#not#only#by#nature#but#by#history.’#############A#Walter#Benjamin,#1935A8#


‘Just'as'the'enLre'mode'of'existence'of'human'collecLves'

changes'[…]'so'too'does'their'mode'of'percepLon.#The#way#in#which#human#percep&on#is#organized#–#the#medium#in#which#it#occurs#–#is#condi&oned#not#only#by#nature#but#by#history.’#############A#Walter#Benjamin,#1935A8#

Strategic#uses#of#new#media#–#the#prevailing#media#of#our#&me#–#may#offer#precisely#the#perspec&ve#required#to#‘reveal#psychic#truths’#and#‘specify#how#technology#uses#us’.##

“The#digital#is#imbedded#in#the#larger#[…]#systems#within#which#we#exist#and#operate#[…].#Through#this#embeddedness,#the#digital#can#act#back#on#the#social#so#that#its#specific#capabili&es#can#engender#new#concepts#of#the#social#and#of#the#possible.”##A#Saskia#Sassen,#2006#


Metacri&cal#approaches#to#new#media#–#ones#that#use'new'media'to'

interrogate'new'media#A#provide#a#par&cularly#useful#method#to#reflect#on#how#new#media#tools,#theories,#and#prac&ces#are#deeply#embedded#in#modes#of#knowledge#produc&on,#percep&on,#and#interac&on,#and#are#thus#inextricable'from'corresponding'

epistemological'and'ontological'transformaLons.##


Metacri&cal#approaches#to#new#media#–#ones#that#use'new'media'to'

interrogate'new'media#A#provide#a#par&cularly#useful#method#to#reflect#on#how#new#media#tools,#theories,#and#prac&ces#are#deeply#embedded#in#modes#of#knowledge#produc&on,#percep&on,#and#interac&on,#and#are#thus#inextricable'from'corresponding'

epistemological'and'ontological'transformaLons.##

The#explicit#use#of#new#media#in#and#as#art#may#offer#an#advantageously#embedded#posi&on#from#which#to#inves&gate#myriad#hidden#connec&ons#in#network#culture#and#to#contemplate#central#perceptual#and#existen&al#shibs#of#the#early#21st#century.##

“…#ar&sts#are#“devia&on#amplifying”#systems,#or#individuals#who,#because#of#psychological#makeup,#are#compelled#to#reveal#psychic#truths#at#the#expense#of#the#exis&ng#societal#homeostasis.##With#increasing#aggressiveness,#one#of#the#ar&st’s#func&ons#…#is#to#specify#how#technology#uses#us.”#####A###Jack#Burnham,#“Real#Time#Systems”#(1969)##

INVESTIGATORY,ART,:,,

INSTITUTIONAL,CRITIQUE,,REAL3TIME,SYSTEMS,,AND,NETWORK,CULTURE,

Edward#A#Shanken#Dorothy#Kayser#Hohenberg#COE#Lecture#II#

University#of#Memphis##

April#2,#2013##

www.artexetra.com#

Documents

INVESTIGATORY,ART,:,, - Edward Shanken · A #Peter#Lipmann,## ##### #President,#Hugo#Boss### Haacke’s#works#challenge#the#tradi&onal# aesthe&c#no&on#of#ideal#&me#and#ﬁt#