Investigatory Project

TITLE: How does the mass affect the emergence of soybean seedlings?

I. Background of the Study:

Seed germination is important to the world because all the people get most of their food from plants. Even people who eat meat are dependent on plants for the animals to eat. Statistics shows that 51% of all farmers are dependent in the season of germination of their agricultures. Agriculture is important to all humans, so understanding germination is a benefit to everyone.

Germination is a process of sprouting of a seed. When germination begins, the seed needs a lot of water. The water makes a chemical change that enables the embryo to store food and energy for growth. The water also causes the embryo to enlarge and split the seed coat. Germinating seeds require a large amount of oxygen because of their high rate of respiration. Respiration is taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide. The radical then emerges and grows forming its first root.

Soybeans are really important and crucial in our life because it adds taste to our food and rations. Farmers have a very limited season for the growth of soybeans especially in the other countries which have a cold and glacial temperature which is impossible to grow soybeans in all seasons. It does not only help people to add taste and vitality in their foodstuffs and provisions but also the to the farmers who are fond of raising beans especially in the near arctic regions like Alaska, Spain, Italy, and whatsoever.

II. Problem of the Study:

The study was conducted to answer the question:

Will the mass have any relation to affect the growth and emergence of the soybean seedling?

III. Hypothesis of the study:

We think that if the mass of the soybean seedlings are in fewer amounts, the lesser the time will it take to emerge and somehow grow.

IV. Objectives of the study:

A. General Objective:

The purpose of this project is to determine if mass affects the emergence of a soybean seed. This experiment was set up to verify if the size of a soybean affects how it grows.

B. Specific Objectives:

To measure the specific time will the soybeans emerge and grow from the variables we will use.

To measure the length of each seedlings (plant) and how it interacts in its environment. (E.g. Geotropism, phototropism, etc.)

To compare the percent of length and speed to other soybean seedlings that is used for world commerce.

V. Design of study:

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:

A. Variables:

Controlled Variables:

- The genetic, moisture capability and the potential germination of the seed.- The depth of the soil by which the seed will be planted (10 cm)- The size and capability of the pot to sustain soil.- The kind of soil (humus)- The amount of sunlight and water it receives.

Manipulated Variables:

- The size of each soybean seedlings. (S4:220 mg; S3:190mg; S2:110mg; S1:70mg)

Responding Variables:

- The speed of the emergence and growth of the soybean seeds.

B. Materials:

Materials to be used:

- 4 different soybean seedlings (Mass is indicated at the experimental design)- 4 identical pots.

- Marker (for you to mark the pot)- Small shovel

C. Procedure:

1. Bring 4 identical pots and use a marker to mark them. 1st pot 1; 2nd pot 2… and so on.2. Put an equal amount of humus soil to the pot. Use a small shovel to dig at least 10

centimeters depth on the soil.3. Put the soybean seedlings in pot and place it in a sunny window.4. Give equal amount of sunlight and water them everyday for at least one week.5. Record your observations and make a graph based on your experiment.

VI. Result of the study:

Seed A: (S4:70 mg) Seed B: (S3:110 mg) After 1 week: After 1 week:

Seed C: (S2:190mg) Seed D: (S1:220 mg)After 1 week: After 1 week:

(The place where we conducted our experiment)

No ruler XD...

VII. The Data Gathered:

A. Quantitative Observation. We agreed and contributed to use the formula: Percentage of growth= initial length - final length / initial length *100

Table 1: Seed A: (S1:70mg)

Table 2: (S2:110mg)

Days Height of the plant

Percentage of growth.(from the previous day of measure)

Day 1 0 cm 0%

Day 2 1.5 cm undetermined

Day 3 2.5 cm 66%

Day 4 4 cm. 60%

Day 5 6 cm 50%

Day 6 8 cm 33%

Day 7 9.5 cm 18.75%

Day Height of the plant.

Percentage of growth. (From

the previous day of measure.)

Day 1 0 cm 0%

Day2 1 cm undetermined

Day 3 2 cm 50%

Day 4 2.5 cm 25%

Day 5 4.5 cm 80%

Day 6 6.5 cm 44%

Day 7 8 cm 23%

Table 3: (S3:190mg)

Table 4: (S4:220 mg)

Day Height of the plant.

Percentage of growth. (From

the previous day of measure.)

Day 1 0 cm 0%

Day2 0 cm 0%

Day 3 0.75 cm undetermined

Day 4 2 cm 166%

Day 5 2.75 cm 37.5%

Day 6 4 cm 45%

Day 7 6 cm 50%

Day Height of the plant.

Percentage of growth. (From

the previous day of measure.)

Day 1 0 cm 0%

Day2 0 cm 0%

Day 3 0.25 cm undetermined

Day 4 1 cm 300%

Day 5 1.5 cm 50%

Day 6 2.5 cm 66%

Day 7 5 cm 100%

B. Qualitative Observations:

Seeds: A B C D

Day 1 -the seed at this time has no raw observations

-the seed at this time has no raw observations

-the seed at this time has no raw observations

-the seed at this time has no raw observations

Day 2 The seed emerged. (The fastest and tallest of them all for now.)

The seed emerged also but shorter than seed A

-the seed at this time has still no raw observations

-the seed at this time has still no raw observations

Day 3 The plant grows more and has the highest percentage of growth as is for now

The plant continues to grow also and has a high percentage of growth.

The plant grew but only a little portion of it can be seen.

The plant grew but has the shortest length of all.

Day 4 The plant continues to grow but the percentage growth begins to decline

The plant continues to grow also but it loose half of its percentage growth.

This plant for now has a great amount of percentage growth. It is continuing to grow.

This plant has the most amount of percentage growth but still small for its size.

Day 5 The plant continues to grow but the POG have decreased a bit rather than yesterday.

It grew more and the POG increased gradually.

It grew more but the POG lost more than 75%.

It grew but the POG decreased.

Day 6 It grew more but the POG declines again.

It grew also but the POG declines also.

It grew and the POG increase.

It grew and the POG increased also.

Day 7 It grew the tallest of them all and its Ave. POG is 45.55%

It grew the 2nd tallest and the Ave. POG is 39.8%

It grew the 3rd and its Ave. POG is 74.6%

It grew the shortest of them all but has a POG of 129%

VIII. Summary of the results:

-We therefore conclude that our hypothesis was correct. So we concluded that the smaller the mass of the soybean seedlings, the faster will it grow and emerge healthier and the bigger the mass of the soybean seedling the slower will it grow and emerge.

-The results showed that the control grew the best in the standard germination and the hypocotyl elongation. Seed B and Seed C were the best germinating seed sizes for both of the tests. Overall the 15 milligram seeds were the best but only by a small margin. Seed A grew the fastest in the standard germination.

- This will be useful to farmers who are fond of planting soybean seeds to the industry of soy sauce which we use

Submitted by:4-Eros Paul V. Estante8-Sherwin Neil G. Loor15-Joebert Edison B. Velasco

I-JADEPhilippine Science High School- Western Visayas Campus

Submitted to: Mam Anne Mylene S. Itucal (AMSI)