Invertebrates Vertebrates

Habitats Ecosystems

Life Cycles

Plants

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Invertebrates Sponges

Cnidarians(stinging-celled)

Worms

Mollusks

Echinoderms

Arthropods

Sponges

Sponges are the simplest invertebrates. A sponge’s body is like an empty bag with an opening at the

top. A sponge’s body has no symmetry, is hollow, and has no

bones. Its body is made up of two cell layers with a jelly like substance

between the layers. Food and water flow into a sponge’s body through the

holes in the body. Water and waste move out through the hole at the top. A sponge can regenerate a body part

if the part is missing.

Jelly Fish

Its body is like an empty bag.

Its arms give off a poisonous sting.

Food and wastes leave through an opening at the top.

Earthworms are

segmented.

CHARACTERISTICS:

•They are invertebrates.•They have groups of muscle cells.•The digestive tube has an

opening at the front and at the rear.

•They have a head end.•They have body parts that do

certain jobs.

Mollusks have hard shells and soft bodies. You can find snails and clams by water. Snails are often found in gardens.

The clams that used to live in these shells are probably dead! People can eat raw or cooked clams so these little creatures

better run!!!

Spiny skinned animalsYou can identify most Echinoderms by their star design and their spiny skin.

Sand Dollar Sea Urchin

Arthropod

HeadThorax

Abdomen

Arthropods have three body parts called the head, thorax, and abdomen. Their bodies and legs are segmented.

The characteristics of arachnids:

1. 8 jointed legs

2. 2 body parts

3. No wings or antennae

with

Backbones

BIRDS

FISH

MAMMALS

AMPHIBIANSREPTILES

QUIZ

FISH

VERTEBRATES WITH GILLSMENU

CHARACTERISTICS:

1. VERTEBRATES2. SCALES

6. LAY EGGS

3. GILLS

4. FINS5. COLD-BLOODED

VERTEBRATES

It IS CALLED THE OCEAN SUN FISH.

ARE THESE FISH?

SHARK?

WHALE?

DOLPHIN?

ARE THESE FISH?

YES!

NO! NO! MENU

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1. Live in water when young; on land as adults.

2. Breathe through gills when young; through lungs as adults.

3. Have smooth, wet skin.

4. Are cold-blooded and hatch from eggs.

5. Have a backbone.

of Amphibians:of Amphibians:

This Salamander can be found from Eastern United States to the Rocky Mountains.

This is the salamander’s habitat. It is made up of broken tree branches, twigs, and dirt.

Blue Poison Arrow Frog

Green and Black Arrow Frog

Dying Dart Frog

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They are vertebrates. This means they have a backbone.

1. Reptiles have scaly skin.

2.Reptiles are cold-blooded. 3. Reptiles live just about everywhere there is water and a hot climate.

Turtles and alligators live in Florida and South America.

The crocodile is another reptile. It looks like an alligator but its snout is longer. MENU

The only animals with feathers!!!

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They have feathers.

They are warm blooded.

They breathe through lungs.

Their babies hatch from eggs.

They are vertebrates.

They have beaks and wings.

The habitat of the Hybrid Macaw is in South America.

The habitat of the Hybrid Macaw is in South America.

The Macaw Is a tropical bird. It normally lives in rain forests. When it is in South America its diet is fruit seeds and palm nuts.

When you look at a bird what do you first notice? You see it has feathers, a beak and a wing span. You will know it is a bird because birds are the only animals with feathers!

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Why is this crocodile a reptile?

Why is this frog an amphibian?

This crocodile is a reptile because it has rough, scaly skin.

This frog is an amphibian because it has smooth, wet skin.

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Nymph

AdultEgg

Vocabulary

• Grasshoppers hatch from eggs. • A nymph is a young form of a

grasshopper that changes into an adult by repeatedly shedding its skin.

• An adult is a fully grown grasshopper which can protect itself.

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1. Egg

2. Larva

3. Pupa

4. Adult

1. Egg 3. Pupa

2. Larva

4. Adult

After the adult butterfly has formed its body, it releases a liquid that loosens it from the chrysalis shell. Then its middle swells and pops the shell open.

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Life Cycle of a Frog

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Life Cycle of a Human

Infant Adolescent Adult

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POLARWOODS

DESERT

GRASSLAND

RAINFOREST

WETLAND

• A habitat is where an animal lives.

• Some animals live on land; some animals live in water.

• Some animals live in the ground and in trees, too.

In the polar regionthere are 6 months of sunlight and 6 months Of darkness. There is no ozone layer. It is cold and windy so the sun is very dangerous.

Polar Region

The woods are a good place for a habitat because all different kinds of animals live in it like the owl and the squirrel. The owl lives in a tree and so does the squirrel. The squirrel makes a nest out of leaves. The owl sleeps all day and hunts all night. There are many more animals that have habitats in the woods.

Woods

A desert is a very dry place.Only a small number of species of plants and animals can survive.

A grassland is mostly grass and plants.

Hot, Humid, Heavy Rainfall

BUT NOT FOR DOGS AND CATS!

HABITAT OF THE RAIN FOREST IS FOR ALL KINDS OF ANIMALS…

Include rivers, marshes and swamps.

OceanA large body of salt water where millions of plants and animals live

What habitat do these animals live in? _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _

Did you say :

Grassland

Woods

Forest

ECOSYSTEMSHow plants and

animals depend on each other

• VOCABULARY• FOOD WEBS• FOOD CHAINS• ADAPTATIONS• COMMUNICATION

Vocabulary •Ecosystem-the living and

nonliving things in an environment and all their interactions

•Habitat-an organism’s home•Population-one type of organism

living in a habitat•Community -populations living

together in an ecosystem•Producer-an organism, such as a

green plant, that makes food

Vocabulary Continued

•Consumer-any organism that eats the food a producer makes

•Decomposer-an organism that feeds off dead plants or animals

•Predator-an animal that hunts another animal for food

•Prey-an animal that is hunted by another animal for food MENU

A food web is a model that shows all the possible feeding relationships between organisms living in an ecosystem.

Producer

Predator

Prey

Primary Consumer

Secondary Consumer

Decomposer

A food chain shows the steps in which organisms get energy from the food that is needed to survive.

Sun

Grass Giraffe

Tiger Tiger dies

Bird eats dead tiger

Energy

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Carnivores are consumers that eat only animals.

Herbivores are consumers that eat only plants.

Omnivores are consumers that eat both animals and plants.

Carnivores

Herbivores

Omnivores

Lion

Tiger

Snake

Fish

Ant

Rabbit

Crow

Eagle

Gorilla

What kind of animal is this tiger?

Is it a carnivore, an herbivore, or an omnivore?

If you picked a carnivore you are right.

You got an MENU

A special trait that helps an organism survive such as:

Migration

HibernationCamouflage

Hibernation is a deep sleep. All body processes slow down. MENU

Migration is when animals move from place to place .

Elephants migrating to find food and water.

Baby gorilla rides on her mother’s back to go from place to place.

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Carpet Shark

Find the carpet shark hiding to surprise its prey.

Now can you find the carpet shark?

CLOSELY

LOOK

HOW MANY

BIRDS DO

YOU SEE?

How many birds did you find?

Click on the correct square.

1 2 3 4 5

HERE THEY ARE!

1

2 3

4

5

Scales are used for protection from predators.

Feathers are the covering on birds.

Fur is the covering on a mammal’s body.

Help!!!

Shark showing his teeth. And trying to find food.

Watch out prey!!!

Wings to seek shelter and legs to escape predators

Fins to escape fishermen and other predators

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Among Animals

This is a deer raising its tail to tell other deer that danger is near.

This bird sings to communicate to other birds that this is his territory.

Humans

Humans communicate through words and gestures.

This male frog swells up its throat to attract a mate.

Normal Throat

Animals depend on other animals:

Seeing eye dogRecreation

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HOW FLOWERING PLANTS REPRODUCE

HOW POLLEN IS SCATTERED HOW FRUITS AND SEEDS DEVELOP

HOW SEEDS ARE SCATTERED

PARTS OF A PLANT AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

LEAVES ROOTS STEMS THE FLOWER

HOW NEW PLANTS GROW

HOW YOUNG PLANTS GROW FROM SEEDSHOW NEW PLANTS GROW WITHOUT SEEDS

Click on a tree to view that topic.

Green plants can make their own food.

Most food is made in the leaves.

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•chlorophyll •light•water•air

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food using SUNLIGHT

WATER CARBON DIOXIDE

and

CHLOROPHYLL Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts (special structures in leaf cells). The chloraplasts contain chlorophyll (a green pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight).

This photograph of elodea, a water plant, has many green dots visible within the cells.These are the chloroplasts.

CHLOROPLASTS

The absorbed energy is used to join together carbon dioxide and water to form the sugar, glucose, which is the energy source for the whole plant. Oxygen, a waste product, is released into air.

Veins bring water into leaves and transport the glucose produced by photosynthesis to the rest of the plant.

Leaves are the main sites of photosynthesis and have various adaptations for this purpose.

Flat laminae( blades) provide a large surface for absorbing sunlight.

Stomata (pores) in the lower surface of laminae allow gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen) to pass in and out of the leaves.

CROSS SECTION OF A LEAF

CHLOROPHYLL- green material in leaves and in othergreen parts of plants .

SUNLIGHT- form of energy visible to the human eye that comes from the sun.

WATER- Pure water is an odorless, tasteless liquid. Common name applied to the liquid state of the hydrogen-oxygen compound H2O.

AIR- mixture of gases that composes the atmosphere

surrounding Earth.

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radish

What are the functions of roots?They help plants grow.

They help plants bring water and food into their systems.

They store food for plants.

•They make food for people to eat!

•Roots hold soil in the ground.

•Roots help plants stand.

They hold plants in the soil, so when the wind blows, the plant doesn’t fly away.

Taproots are true roots. The form from the primaryroot—the first root that emerges from the seed.They’re usually large and vertical, with branches.Many, like burdock and common evening primrose,store food.

Fibrous roots look like they sound. These true roots aretangled masses of wiry fiber. Most are not edible ormedicinal. They hold the soil together, keep out otherplants, and often hamper you from digging up otherroots.

These are some roots that we can grow and eat!

Radishes Carrots

Turnips

•Root hairs-thin thread like growth from the root of a plant,that takes in

water from the soil.

•Soil-the top layer of earth,in which plants

grow.

Quiz Time!

1.What is the name of one root food?

2.What are some functions of roots?

Now look back at the previous root slides and check your answers.

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These slides will guide you through theThese slides will guide you through the

wonderful world of wonderful world of STEMSSTEMS..

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• Water and food move up and down the Water and food move up and down the plant through tubes in the stem.plant through tubes in the stem.

•They store food for humans to eat.They store food for humans to eat.

•They support the leaves.They support the leaves.

•They help other plants grow from pieces of They help other plants grow from pieces of them.them.

celery

rhubarb

asparagus

Three common stems we eat are:Three common stems we eat are:

rhubarb,rhubarb,

asparagus,asparagus,

and celery.and celery.

TubesTubes--

VeinsVeins--

SupporSupportt--

carry food and water throughout the carry food and water throughout the plantplant..

bundles of tubes that form the bundles of tubes that form the framework of a leaf and carry framework of a leaf and carry

food and waterfood and water

to hold up something.to hold up something.

The stems we eat are apples, strawberries,and The stems we eat are apples, strawberries,and kiwi.kiwi.TrueTrue FalseFalse

Support means to hold something up.Support means to hold something up.

True False True False

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The main parts of a flower are:

the petal,

the pistil,

and the stamen.

•Petal - the part of a flower that is usually colored•Sepal leaf - the leaflike part of the flower that protects the growing bud•Pollen - dust-like yellowish powder produced on the stamens.•Pistil - part of a flower that produces seeds.

Anther- the part of a flowerwhich produces pollen.It is the proper sectionof the stamen.

Filament - the anther bearingstalk of a plant’s stamen

Stigma - the part of the femaleorgan of the flower whichcatches the pollen

Ovary- lower part of the pistil in which seeds growOvule- the part of a plant that can develop into a seed

Roots -> Take in water and food (mineral salts) from soil. Anchors plants. The roots of a plant are spread out.

Stem -> "Like a straw", transports water through plant. Raises the height of flowers and leaves. Brings closer to light. Structural. The stem is made up of little tubes.

Leaves -> Different shapes. Almost always green but sometimes covered with another color such as red. Green substance in leaves -> chlorophyll. Leaves make food for the plant. To do this they need the water and mineral salts obtained from the soil. They are carried inside little veins in the leaf. To make food leaves also need sunshine and CO2.

Flowers - > Flowers produce seeds which form new plants.

Space and warmth also needed for a plant to grow.

The Parts Of A Plant

Roots - Stem - Leaves - Flowers

The _______ of a plant produce seeds which form new plants.

The _____ make the food for the plant. They take the water and mineral salts and use them together with sunlight and carbon-dioxide to make food.

The ____ is like a straw. It moves water around the plant. It raises the leaves and flowers of the plant off the ground.

The ____take in water and mineral salts from the soil. They anchor the plant into the ground

The Parts Of A Plant

Roots - Stem - Leaves - Flowers

The flowers of a plant produce seeds which form new plants.

The leaves make the food for the plant. They take the water and mineral salts and use them together with sunlight and carbon-dioxide to make food.

The stem is like a straw. It moves water around the plant. It raises the leaves and flowers of the plant off the ground.

The roots take in water and mineral salts from the soil. They anchor the plant into the ground

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Pollination is the movement of pollen from a stamen to a pistil.

petalpistil

pollen .stamen

sepal

How is pollen scattered?

• One of the ways is by bees.•Bees land on a flower.• Pollen sticks to them.

When a bee lands on another flower some of the pollen transfers to

the flower and a little bit of the pollen from the flower sticks to the

bee.

.

Another way pollen scatters is by wind. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Moths, humming birds and butterflies can also pollinate a flower.

A NOT SO WELL-KNOWN POLLEN SPREADER

Pollen- A fine yellowish powder in a flower.

Pollination- The movement of pollen to pistils of flowers.

Pistil- The part of a flower that produces seeds.

Stamen- The part of a flower that contains pollen.

Scatter- To separate and send or go in differentdirections.

Petals- One of the parts of a flower that is usually colored.

Wind- A strong current of air.

Nectar- A sweet liquid in many flowers, made into honeyby bees.

Color- An interesting quality or character.

Scent- A smell or odor.

Pollen gives some people hay fever. It helps plants make their seeds.

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What part of the plant develops into a seed?

•The seed develops in the pistil.

•Seeds will grow only when pollen from the same kind of the plant reaches the pistil.

•When a pollen grain reaches the pistil of a flower, the pollen begins to form a tube.

•The pollen tube also contains some of the material that is needed for a seed to grow.

•The material from the pollen joins with the material in the ovule, and a new seed begins to grow.

1.) The pollen grain reaches the pistil.

2.) The pollen begins to form a tube.

3.) The pollen tube goes down the long thin part of the pistil.

4.) The pollen tube reaches into the large bottom part of the pistil called the ovary.

LEARN HOW A SEED DEVELOPS STEP BY STEP

5.) Small ovules are growing inside the ovary. Each ovule contains some of the material that is needed to form a seed.

6.) The pollen tube also contains some of the material that is needed for a seedto grow.

7.) When the material in the pollen grain joins with the material in the ovule, a new seed begins to grow. This is called fertilization.

You need wind. You need water.You need insects. You need birds, and bats and other small animals to help pollinate the plant.

• seed coat

developing plant

seed leafFood is stored in the seed leaves.

The seed coat protects the developing plant and its stored food.

1. Seeds develop in the sepal.True Fals

e

2. The parts of a seed are the seed coat, the seed leaf, and the ________.

developing plant

or ovary

After fertilization takes place the ovary swells and grows into a fruit.

An ovary is a hollow structure near the base of a flower.

It’s the lower part of the pistil in which the seeds grow.

The ovary develops into a fruit.

Seed - The part of a flowering plant that will growinto a new plant under the right conditions.

Seed leaf - Structure in the seed of a plant.

- outer covering of a seed.

-a plant part that can be eaten and contains the seeds.

Seed coat

Fruit

Did you know that peppers,corn, eggplant, peas,pumpkins,and tomatoes are all fruits?

They are all fruits because they have seeds in them.

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•Seeds are sometimes scattered by Seeds are sometimes scattered by animalsanimals. .

•Also seeds are hidden in Also seeds are hidden in animals’ droppingsanimals’ droppings..

•When animals touch or rub on plants seeds When animals touch or rub on plants seeds get on their fur.get on their fur.•Some seeds are spread by Some seeds are spread by animals’ feetanimals’ feet..

•Seeds are also scattered by Seeds are also scattered by waterwater..

•When seeds blow in the wind sometimes the When seeds blow in the wind sometimes the seeds get caught in the seeds get caught in the waterwater..

•Sometimes seeds are scattered by wind.•Every time the wind blows seeds fly around.•Seeds must be light weight to be carried by the wind.

Did you know seeds are scattered by people?Did you know seeds are scattered by people?

Seeds are scattered by peopleSeeds are scattered by people because, whenbecause, when

people buy seeds at the stores they plant them andpeople buy seeds at the stores they plant them and

then eat the plants. Sometimes they spit the seedsthen eat the plants. Sometimes they spit the seedsonto the ground.onto the ground.

Seeds are scattered by:Seeds are scattered by: windwind waterwater animalsanimals animal droppingsanimal droppingspeoplepeople

and seed pod explosion.and seed pod explosion.MENU

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1. The seed takes in water from the ground.

2. The seed swells and the seed coat splits.

3. A root grows down into the soil.

4. The root pushes the seed up and out of the ground.

5. The seed coat drops off.

6. Two small leaves grow up between the seed leaves.

7. The stem grows longer and lifts the leaves upward.

8. As it grows it uses up the stored food in the seed.

9. The seed leaves dry up and the seedling must make its own food.

Part one

Step1 Steps 2, 3, 4 Step 5

Part 2

Steps 6 and 7 Steps 8 and 9

They need:air,

water,a certain temperature,and a source of light.

Dicots are seeds that have two parts such as a bean seed.The outside covering of a bean seed is soft. It is called the seed coat.It falls off after being soaked in water.The bean seed has a slit down the middle of it. Inside is a tiny plant called the embryo.The cotyledons are the two large parts of the seed that provide food for the seedling while it is growing.Since the bean seed has two parts, it is called dicotyledon or dicot for short.

A corn seed has only one cotyledon which makes it a monocot. It has a seed coat that is hard and does not slip off easily.It remains in one piece and does not split in to two pieces as the bean seed does.One cotyledon called an endosperm surrounds the embryo and provides foodfor the growing plant.A corn seed is a monocotyledon or monocot for short.

Germinate - begin to grow, or develop, or sprout

Seedling - a young plant that grows from a seed

Seed coat - outer covering of a seed

Seed leaf - a structure that grows inside the seed;

food is stored in the seed leaf

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Bulbs

Runners

Cuttings

Runnersthin stems that grow along the groundand produce new plants.

BulbsRound underground buds.

Cuttingssmall parts cut from a plant used togrow a new plant.

TULIP BULB

DAHLIA BULBS

GLADIOLUS BULB

A bulb is a round underground bud. Not all plants have bulbs. Plants like tulips, dahlias, and gladiolus have bulbs.The term bulb refers to plants that have underground, fleshy storage structures.The main function of the bulb is provide food for the plant.Bulb-like plants are usually perennials.They have a period of growth and flowering.Then they die back to the ground in late spring and the bulb begins growing again in the fall and will flower the following spring. A plant that is annual only grows for one year or one season.

Bulb-like plants are usually perennials.They have a period of growth and flowering.Then they die back to the ground in late spring and the bulb begins growing again in the fall and will flower the following spring. A plant that is annual only grows for one year or one season.

A spore depends on moisture to grow into a gametophyte, one half a fern’s lifecycle.

Unlike seed bearing plants ferns reproduce with spores.

•Fungi are not plants.

•Fungi feed by absorbing nutrients from the organic material in which they live.

•Fungi do not have stomachs.

•Fungi have evolved to use a lot of different items for food.

•Some are decomposers living on dead organic material like leaves.

http://www.brainpop.com

Just click on the address below. When you get to the site, find the movie section. Scroll down to SCIENCE. Then scroll down to either photosynthesis or pollination. Enjoy! (Sorry there isn’t any popcorn.)

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