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Chapter 11.2 - Fishes
And Invertebrate Chordates...
Invertebrate ChordatesOnly 2 invertebrate chordates
● Tunicates (sea squirts)
○ Interesting fact: They eat their
own _____, which controls
movement.
○ Adults are sessile and no longer
have a notochord or postanal tail
○ Filter feeders
Invertebrate Chordates● Lancelets
○ Filter feed and spend most
of their time buried in the
sand.
Characteristics of Fishes◻ Vertebrates
◻ Ectotherms
◻ Gills, Fins, and Scales
◻ Closed circulatory system
○ 2 chambered heart and a one loop
Circulatory System of Fishes● Closed
● One loop
● 2 chambered heart
○ _______ - receives
blood from body
○ _______ - pumps
blood to gills & body
Cellular Respiration
● In which cell organelle does it take place?
● What is the equation?
● What is the most important product?
● Why is this product important to the organism?
Oxygen in
◻ Water from mouth flows over gills
◻ Oxygen diffuses into blood vessels in gills
◻ Heart pumps oxygen-rich blood through arteries to body cells
Carbon Dioxide out
◻ CO2
waste diffuses out of cells and into blood vessels.
◻ Blood carrying CO2 (oxygen-poor
blood) moves through veins to the heart
◻ Heart pumps CO2 to gills where it is
removed from blood
Fins◻ Fins: thin membrane
stretched over bony supports
◻ Used for movement and keeping them upright
Or not...
Feeding
Reproduction◻ Most fish perform
external fertilization
◻ Some fishes, like sharks and guppies perform internal fertilization and give live birth
External FertilizationNervous and Sensory System◻ Fishes have keen senses of touch, smell, taste,
sight, (no ears, but can sense vibrations)
3 Major groups of Fishes● Fishes are categorized by:
○ Mouth structure○ Type of Skeleton
● 3 groups are:○ Jawless Fishes○ Cartilaginous Fishes ○ Bony Fishes
Jawless Fishes (Class: Agnatha)◻ 1st vertebrates on earth
◻ No Jaw and paired fins
◻ Circular mouth
◻ Smooth, scaleless skin
◻ Endoskeleton made of cartilage
○ Cartilage is a connective tissue and its more flexible than bone
◻ Freshwater and marine habitats
Only 2 Types of Agnatha Left!◻ Hagfish◻ Eel-like◻ Feed on dead or dying fish◻ Less than 1m in length◻ ~40 species
◻ Lamprey◻ Aggressive parasite◻ Saliva acts as an
anticoagulant ◻ ~41 species
Lamprey Attack
Cartilaginous Fish (Class: chondrichthyes)
Characteristics:○ Endoskeleton of _________○ Jaws w/ teeth○ Placoid scales (made of ____)○ Internal fertilization
Types of Cartilaginous fishes◻ Sharks
◻ Skates
◻ Rays
Cartilaginous Fish (Class: chondrichthyes)
Sharks● Rely on _________and ________ to
move water across gills● Not picky eaters● Keen sense of _____: Can _____ and
_____ blood - even 1 drop in 115 L of water
● Poor ________● Jagged _____ arranged in rows
Cartilaginous Fish (Class: chondrichthyes)
Rays● Flattened disc-like body● Gills on _______ side● Wing-like pectoral fins● Obtain ______ by taking in water
through small holes located behind their _____.
● Hunt fish, mollusks, and crustaceans living on the ocean floor
Cartilaginous Fish (Class: chondrichthyes)
SkatesSimilar to rays, except they ___ ____.
Bony Fish (class: osteichthyes)◻ Jaws
◻ Scales
◻ ____ covers over the _____ chamber.
◻ Endoskeleton made of ____.
◻ __________ fertilization
◻ Bony plate-like ______
◻ ____ _______ for balance and buoyancy
◻ Freshwater and marine habitats
◻ __% of all fish species!
Swim Bladder◻ Internal, gas filled sac that helps with stability at different
depths.◻ Moving air into their swim bladder makes them ____.◻ Releasing air from their swim bladder makes them ____.
Swim Bladder Math◻ A catfish weighs 2.5 kg and has a volume of 2.0 L.
What is the density of the fish?
◻ If the density of water is 1 kg/L, will the fish sink or float?
◻ If the fish wants to move to the surface to eat a bug, what will it have to do to its swim bladder?
Swim Bladder Math◻ If a fish weighs 30 kg and has a total volume of 15 L, will it sink
or float? Assume water has a density of 1 kg/L.◻ How much air (in L) will the fish have to add or remove from its
swim bladder to obtain neutral buoyancy (neutral buoyancy is a condition in which the average density of an object is equal to the density of the fluid it is submerged in)?
