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Invertebrate Animals by Phylum
PoriferaCnidaria
PlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelida
Arthropoda
What’s a PHYLUM?
• Phylum: a taxonomic grouping of similar classes of organisms
• Translation: a “phylum” is a GROUP of organisms who have a lot in common
• Phyla are big, huge CLADES, just below KINGDOMS in size and just above CLASSES in size
What’s an INVERTEBRATE?
• Definition: an animal without a backbone.
• None of the animals so far have had backbones, but we’re not done yet!
On to the Phyla!• Porifera • Cnidaria• Platyhelminthes• Nematoda• Mollusca• Annelida • Arthropoda
Already covered in detail.
Today’s Focus. But what do you already know?
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat• Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat• Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water• Reproduce Asexually: by “budding”
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat• Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water• Reproduce Asexually: by “budding”• No internal organs; acoelomate
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat• Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water • Reproduce Asexually: by “budding”• No digestive tract• No internal organs; acoelomate• Key adaptations:
Have all general “animal” traits• Special:
– held together by collagen, spicules for defense, complete regeneration!!!!1!
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Cnidaria!• The First MOVERS: Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Cnidaria 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Cnidaria• Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!• 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
• Usually sessile polyps, mobile medusas
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Cnidaria• Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!• 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
• Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas• Nutrition: actively capture prey
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Cnidaria• Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!• 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
• Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas• Actively capture prey• Adults reproduce sexually
and are dioecious• Moon jelly polyps reproduce
asexually by budding
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Cnidaria• Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!• 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
• Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas• Actively capture prey• Reproduction:
– mostly sexual (dioecious: 2 separate sexes)– Moon Jelly polyps reproduce asexually (by budding)
PoriferaCnidariaPlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelidaArthropoda
Phylum Cnidaria• 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
• Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas• Actively capture prey• Reproduction:
– mostly sexual (dioecious: 2 separate sexes)– Moon Jelly polyps reproduce asexually (by budding)
• Key adaptations: – Movement (nerve net, 2 sets of muscles) – Incomplete Digestive Tract (mouth, stomach, no anus) – Behavior (capture prey, fight, mate)
• Special:– Liquid Skeleton, nematocysts, tentacles
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Platyhelminthes!Planarian Flatworms • Habitat: salt and freshwater
Parasitic Flatworms• Habitat: inside other animals
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum PlatyhelminthesPlanarian Flatworms • Habitat: salt and freshwater• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)
Parasitic Flatworms• Habitat: inside other animals• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum PlatyhelminthesPlanarian Flatworms • Habitat: salt and freshwater• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: ripple to swim
Parasitic Flatworms• Habitat: inside other animals• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: sessile inside host
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum PlatyhelminthesPlanarian Flatworms • Habitat: salt and freshwater• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: ripple to swim• Nutrition: hunts for food,
Parasitic Flatworms• Habitat: inside other animals• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: sessile inside host• Nutrition: steals host’s food;
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum PlatyhelminthesPlanarian Flatworms • Habitat: salt and freshwater• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: ripple to swim• Nutrition: hunts for food, tube-
like “pharynx” for mouth• Reproduction: sexual
hermaphroditism, asexual regeneration
Parasitic Flatworms• Habitat: inside other animals• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: sessile inside host• Nutrition: steals host’s food;
head is “scolex” with suckers• Reproduction: sexual (complex
parasitic life cycle)
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum PlatyhelminthesPlanarian Flatworms • Habitat: salt and freshwater• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalized• Locomotion: ripple to swim• Nutrition: hunts for food, tube-like
“pharynx” for mouth• sexual hermaphrodites, asexual
regeneration• Key adaptations:
– bilateral symmetry, arrow-shaped head, sense organs, ganglia
Parasitic Flatworms• Habitat: inside other animals• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalized• Locomotion: sessile inside host• Nutrition: steals host’s food; head is
a “scolex” with suckers• Reproduction: sexual (complex
parasitic life cycle)• Key adaptations:
– bilateral symmetry, arrow-shaped head, sense organs, ganglia
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Nematoda!• Common name: ROUNDWORMS• Body plan: bilateral symmetry, cylindrical
body with tapered ends
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Nematoda• Locomotion: twitching, flicking motion
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Nematoda
Eat micro-organisms in soil
Parasitic roundworms Eat off of host
PoriferaCnidariaPlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelidaArthropoda
Phylum Nematoda• Reproduction:
– Sexual; separate males and females; females bigger
PoriferaCnidariaPlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelidaArthropoda
Phylum Nematoda• Coelom?
– Has some organs, just no COELOM to hold them!– Psuedocoelomate.
PoriferaCnidariaPlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelidaArthropoda
Phylum Nematoda• New adaptations
–Complete digestive tract (an anus!)–Semi-terrestrial
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Mollusca!• 3 Classes of Mollusks:
– Bivalves• “two shelled” • Clams & oysters
– Gastropods • “stomache foot”• Snails & slugs
– Cephalopods• “head foot”• Octopi, squids, and cuttlefish
• Body Plan: Bilateral symmetry, soft body with a hard shell (usually)
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Mollusca
• Nutrition: – Active hunters
and grazers– Scrape up
food w/ radula
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Mollusca
• Reproduction: – Sexual– Non-hermaphroditic (dioecious)– Both internal and external fertilization
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Mollusca
• Key adaptations:–COELOMATE!–Advanced eyes–Open circulatory system
• Special:–High intelligence, hard shell, beak, jet
propulsion
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Mollusca
• Representative species: earthworms, leeches, polychaetes
• AKA “Segmented Worms”
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Annelida!
• Body Plan:–Bilaterally symmetrical–Long, thin, segmented body
• New Adaptations:–Segmentation–Closed circulatory system
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Annelida
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Annelida• Nutrition:
–Some filter-feed–Some graze on plants–Some parasites–Some are vicious predators
• Reproduction:– All kinds!
• Mostly sexual
– Some hermaphroditic– Some dioecious
• Some asexual– Cut in half, have two worms
• Mostly internal fertilization, some external
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Annelida
• New adaptations:– Closed circulatory system
• More efficient delivery of blood/oxygen
– Segmentation• allows better movement and sequential parts
• Locomotion:– Peristaltic movement– Parapodia – Setae for traction
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Annelida
• The conquerors! • Representatives:
– insects– arachnids – crustaceans
Probably more than ten million species.Whoa.
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Finally: Phylum Arthropoda
• Body Plan: – Bilateral symmetry– Segmented– Exoskeleton– Jointed appendages– Many internal organs
There MUST be a coelom to hold it all in place!
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
• Nutrition: Very diverse!– Herbivores AND carnivores. . . – Grazers, hunters, trappers, parasites. . .
• Locomotion: Very diverse!• Some fly, some swim, some walk or dig
They’re everywhere, eating everything!
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
• Reproduction: Very diverse!– Mostly dioecious– Mostly internal fertilization– Mostly have complex metamorphic life cycles.
• (lay eggs, larvae hatch, larvae grow and metamorphose into adults)
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
• New adaptations:– Jointed appendages
• used for SO MANY THINGS
– Exoskeleton• Protection, anchor muscles, keeps water in body
– Respiratory system• For being totally terrestrial!
– Terrestrial
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
Porifera - Sponges
Cnidaria - Jellyfish, Sea Anemones, Hydras
Platyhelminthes - Flatworms
Nematoda - Roundworms
Mollusca - Bivalves, Gastropods, Cephalopods
Annelida - Segmented Worms
Arthropoda - Insects, Arachnids, Crustaceans
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phyla: where we’ve been.
Echinodermata Chordata
? ?
Any guesses about these guys?
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phyla: where we’re going.
Echinodermata Chordata
Here they aaare: