Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Invasive Plants and the IFAS Assessment of Nonnative
Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas
Kenneth Langeland University of Florida
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Agronomy Department
Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants
Historical perspective IFAS Assessment of Non-Native Plants in Natural
Areas of Florida • Implementation • Use • Comparison with FLEPPC List
Invasive Plants: Introductions to Assessment
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
31k+ “plant immigrants” introduced by USDA
Elton “Ecology of Invasions ----
FLEPPC
IFAS Working Group formed
USDA Extension Service
Melaleuca threatens ENP
FLEPPC List
IFAS Assessment
Land Grant agricultural colleges
USDA Experiment Stations
Ornamental Hedges of Florida Bulletin 178B May, 1969
1993 Category I (33 total) •Brazilian pepper •Carrotwood •Lantana
Category II (64 total) •Bahaiagrass
Category III (29 total) •Category III (29 total) •Bermudagrass •Centipedegrass •St. Augustinegrass
FLEPPC List of Invasive Species “Gets Peoples’ Attention!”
•1995 Draft “Id Book” •“13 economically significant species” Carrotwood Lantana Nandina
•1995 IFAS Invasive Species Working Group formed and IFAS Assessment of Non-Native Plants in Natural Areas of Florida initiated
IFAS Gets involved
“---------to provide a well-defined system for distinguishing invasive non-native plant species from those that are not invasive in Florida’s natural areas.” ------conclusions allow consistent description and categorization of non-native plants in all IFAS publications”
1. Status Assessment – plants presently in state (2001)
Invasion Status
Ecological Impacts of Invasion
Potential for Expansion
Difficulty of Management
Economic Value
IFAS Assessment consists of 3 components
2. Infraspecific Taxon Protocol (2003) Is the new taxon distinguishable from resident species? Will the new taxon revert back to parent? Evidence for decreased /increased dispersal or hybridization issues? Evidence for decreased/increased ecological impacts? Zone response? Refereed journal publications or reports reviewed by three experts. Conclusions approved by vote of ISWG.
Picture of privet
Nandina domestica cultivars assessed with ITP
Resident species : not recommended in N or C
Firepower
Harbour Dwarf
Gulf Stream
Harbour Belle
Lantana camara cultivars assessed with ITP
T-2 T-3
T-4 T-9
Resident species not recommended in C nor S Seed dispersal Hybridization
Ruellia simplex cultivars submitted for consideration through the ITP (R. Freyre, UF Env. Hort., 2012)
Resident species assessed as “Invasive: Not recommended in all zones
R10-102
R10-108
Purple Showers
R10-105
3. Predictive Tool – Adapted from Australian Weed Risk Assessment(2007) Recent arrival Invasive elsewhere with similar habitat and
climate If new use will increase propagule pressure e.g. biomass planting
Regulation of Biomass Plantings 581.083 (4) F.S., 5B-57.011 F.A.C.
•Requires permit to plant >2 contiguous acres •Exemptions •Plantings used for agricultural purposes •DPI determines in conjunction with IFAS plant is not invasive •IFAS Assessment
•Plants produced for food consumption, commercial feed, feedstuff, or forage for livestock •Pine trees (Pinus spp.) •“Determined on case by case basis”
Accept (Not invasive)
12 Six Eucalyptus spp., Camelina sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Sorgum bicolor (sweet), Saccharum (Energy cane 4x hybrid also known as L79-1002 Sugarcane)
Reject (Predicted to be invasive)
12 Six Eucalyptus spp., Arundo donax, Jatropha curcas, Miscanthus saccariflorus, Pennisetum purpureum, Ricinus communis, Sorghum bicolor (grain), Sorghum bicolor (shattercane)
Evaluate further (Caution)
3 Three Eucalyptus spp.,
Potential Biomass Crops Assessed Using Predictive Tool
Latest revision: October 2011
Conclusions: For full text of conclusions see footnotes A - M below Sorted by genus and species
(cv. = cultivar) (subsp. = subspecies) (var = variety)
Invasive: Not recommended Caution: may be
recommended
but manage to
prevent escapeC
Not a problem species /
infraspecific taxon, may be
recommendedD
Not eligible for
any usesA
May be eligible for
specified uses if
approved by IPWGB
Conclusion codes
ntral, South zones
nt complete for zone
nclusion (due to incomplete data)
Has been
documented in
undisturbed
natural areas
Not documented
in undisturbed
natural areas
N, C, S = North, Ce
Bold = Assessme
( ) = Incomplete co
Reassessment frequency - as changes or: 10 years 10 years or 2 years
if specified use 2 years 10 years 10 years
When last
assessedG
Latin Name Common Name Salvinia minima
Water spangles, Floating
fern
N, C, S
June 2011
Salvinia molesta
Aquarium watermoss, giant
salvinia, kariba weed
Prohibited
E
Sansevieria cylindrica Snake plant N, C, S February 2007
Sansevieria hyacinthoides Bowstring hemp C, S N May 2004
Sansevieria trifasciata
Snake plant, viper's
bowstring hemp, mother-in-
law's-tongue
N
B,L, C
B,L, S
B,L
February 2011
Santalum album
Sandalwood, white
sandalwood
N, C, S
December 2006
Sapium sebiferum
Chinese tallow tree,
popcorn tree
Prohibited
E
Scaevola taccada var. sericea
(=Scaevola taccada )
Beach naupaka, half-flower,
scaevola
Prohibited
E
Schefflera actinophylla
Australian umbrella tree,
octopus tree, Queensland
umbrella tree
C, S
N
June 2007
Schefflera arboricola
Dwarf schefflera, dwarf
umbrellatree
(C)
N, (S)
March 2007
“Non-sterile cultivars of Lantana camara are considered invasive in South and Central Florida and are not recommended; use with caution in North FL. Purple and white weeping lantana (L. montevidensis) are not considered invasive in Florida.” Gardening with perennial in Florida – Sidney Park Brown
“'Firepower' nandina is a noninvasive selection of the invasive ornamental, Nandina domestica, as determined by the University of Florida/IFAS Infraspecific Taxon Protocol, a tool to evaluate invasiveness of cultivars and varieties.” IFAS Publication #ENH1116 – Gary Knox and Sandra Wilson
Use of the IFAS Assessment - Examples
Conclusion
Zones
Total North Central South
Not a problem (NINA) 516 501 451 419
Not a problem (DINA) 87 22 31 43
Caution 116 62 89 101
Not recommended 39 11 24 31
Approved uses only 50 41 42 43
Predicted invasive 29 29 29 29
Prohibited 44 44 44 44
Total Assessed 727
IFAS Assessment Conclusions
Agreement between FLEPPC Category I List And
IFAS Assessment
Prohibited 30
Not a landscape or forage plant 5
Not recommended in any zones where in grows 17
Not recommended or “Caution” in some zones 18
No agreement 0