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Introductory Criminal Analysis
What is Insanity?
Introduction
No criminal is more feared and no one is harder to catch than a killer who selects his victims among strangers, who kills not for money, not in anger, not for revenge, but for a perverse pleasure in the act of killing itself, or out of a depraved compulsion from the dark corners of a twisted mind.
Clifford L. Linedecker, Thrill Killers
Insanity is a legal term. Medical profession refer to the specific mental disorder, such as schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders.
The definition varies a little depending on which insanity rule is used. But in general terms, it means that a person is not responsible for criminal conduct if, at the time of the offense, as a result of a severe mental disease or defect, he was unable to appreciate the nature and quality or the wrongfulness of his acts.
Actus Reus(Criminal Act)
Mens Rea(Guilty Mind)
Concurrence
THE INSANITY DEFENSE
Field Trip!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6-6di9GJ5M
First, it is Risky. The Burden of Proof (Clear and Convincing Evidence) is on the defendant. You generally admit the actus reus Juries hate it
As a result, it is hardly ever used. Generally only used in murder trials Used in less that 1% (.85%) of all criminal trials.
Finally, it is usually not successful. About 70% of all those who claim insanity withdraw the defense when the state appointed experts declare them to be sane. Only about 25% of those who claim insanity actually win at trial and 90% of those had been previously diagnosed with mental illness.
Kip Kinkel, 17, who shot 29 people in an Oregon school rampage John Wayne Gacy, killed 33 people. The "Killer Clown" who kept bodies of young men and boys buried under his Chicago home. David Berkowitz (Son of Sam), killed 8, controlled by a demon who possessed his neighbor’s dog. Ted Bundy, between 30 and 100 murders, would generally bludgeon his victims, then strangle them to death, then have sex with the dead bodies.
Jeffrey Dahmer At least 13 victims. He tortured and brutally murdered young men. He poured acid on his victims, dissected them, cut them into pieces and preserved their heads and genitals, Dahmer treated, preserved and decorated the skulls of his victims and used them to decorate his apartment. He ate the remains of his victims.
Introductory Criminal Analysis
Male Serial Killers
http://investigation.discovery.com/videos/crimes-that-shook-the-world-green-river-murders.html
New Field Trip
Gary Ridgway - Green River Killer
Murdered at least 49 womenMost of their bodies were dumped in wooded areas around the Green River in Washington, except for two confirmed and another two suspected victims found in the Portland, Oregon, areaThe bodies were often left in clusters, sometimes posed, usually nude. Because most of the bodies were not discovered until only the skeletons remained, four victims are still unidentified. Ridgway occasionally contaminated the dump sites with gum, cigarettes, and written materials belonging to others, and he even transported a few victims' remains across state lines to confuse the police.
The prosecutor explained his decision to make the deal by saying “We could have gone forward with seven counts, but that is all we could have ever hoped to solve. At the end of that trial, whatever the outcome, there would have been lingering doubts about the rest of these crimes. This agreement was the avenue to the truth. And in the end, the search for the truth is still why we have a criminal justice system... Gary Ridgway does not deserve our mercy. He does not deserve to live. The mercy provided by today's resolution is directed not at Ridgway, but toward the families who have suffered so much.”
Criminal Investigative Analysis:
Key FunctionsAnalysis Direct examination
of reports
Collection of criminal information
available to investigators
Direct examination of evidence and
photographs
Crime scene reconstruction
Criminal personality profile
Interviewing/interrogation
practices
Major Considerations
Identifying serial murder cases
Males inmostcases
Commit second and/or subsequent
murder
“Cooling-off” period
Motive generallyfinancial and/or thrill
seeking
Spree Killer
Seeks elimination of individuals considered competitors or subjects of paranoid delusions
Killings result of single eventCan be of long or short durationMurders which involve family
members generally attempt to seek power, control, and revenge.
Mass Murder
Killing several victims
simultaneously
Anything beyond threevictims
Withinone
event
In oneplace
Massmurder
Norris Seven Rituals of Murder
Aura phase Trolling phase
Murder phaseCapturephase
Totem phase
Wooingphase
Depression phase
Framing: Serial Sexual
HomicidesCollect
data
Assesssituation
Reconstruct crime
Formhypothesis
FBI Profiling System
FBI profiling system Three basiccategories
MixedDisorganizedOrganized
The Disorganized Killer
Mental disorderCommits a delusional
related homicide
UnplannedChaotic
Significant evidence leftat the crime scene
Spontaneouscrime scene
The Organized Killer
Hedonistic needsIntelligent planning,Cunning, and stealth
Respected member ofcommunity
Middle-classjob
Neat appearance and compulsive
Educated
Offender ProfileAge, sex,race
Employment
Personality
Criminal history
Marital status
Emotionaladjustment
Analysis of criminal act
Sequence ofevents during offense
Sexual adjustment
Work habits
Motive foroffense
Mood of offender before, duringand after offense
Socialadjustment
Residence in relation tocrime scene
Lifestyle Geo-forensic pattern analysis
Staging: Smoke and Mirrors
Designed to throw police
off track
Someone closeto victim
Attempts to distanceself frommurder
Criminal Geographic Targeting
Dr. Kim Rossmo Developedsoftware
CGT
Hunt serialkillers
Criminal Investigative Analysis: Victim Profiling
The right victimThe right locationPresents
opportunity for planned sexual homicide
Fantasies Need for violenceCore behaviors
Center on victim preference
Victim frequently a stranger
Victim of opportunity
Victims share characteristics
Offender preference
Evaluation: CIA and Profiling
Focus on investigation = 72%
Locate possible suspects = 20%
Identify suspect = 17%
Assistprosecution
= 6%
No assistance
= 17%
104 unsolved cases:profile seen as helpfulgenerating leads, suggestingmotives, confirming findings
Conclusion
Serial killerwill repeat
crimes
Coordinated efforts
essential
Anticipatethe criminal
mind
Criminal investigative analysts
are on the frontier
Opportunities to reveal
excellentcriminal
information
Introductory Criminal Analysis
Female Serial Killers
Investigative Analysis: Female Serial Killers
Those are the quiet killers, every bit as lethal as male serial murderers, but we are seldom aware of one in our midst because of the low visibility of their killing. Eric W. Hickey
Investigative Analysis and Female Serial Killer
CharacteristicsKill for psychological gainKill for financial gainUnderlying sexual and power
themesWhile both ideal typologies have
overlapping characteristics, there are dominant themes in the modus operandi.
Research: Female Serial Killers
Intelligent serial killers are more likely to get away with their crimes.
Female Serial Killers
Careful
Precise
Methodical Successful
Quiet
Based on 100 Cases Since 1900
According to Hickey, more than one-third of female serial killers started their murderous careers since 1970.
Average duration before detection:
9.2 Years
Society’s Definition of Caregivers
“Angels of Mercy”…Not “Death”Fortunately, most are the former.A few kill for the same “power
and control” reasons as male serial killers.
Male Serial Killer Motivation
Sadistic
Power
Sexual
Female Serial Killer Motivation: Male
Counterpart May Act in Her Behalf
InsuranceMoneyLifestyle
Female Serial Killer Motivation: Male
Counterpart May Act in Her Behalf
RevengeLove triangle
Sex
Holmes and Holmes: Female Serial Killers
Disciple
Power seeker
Hedonistic
Visionary
Comfort
Kelleher: 9 Categoriesof Female Serial Killers
Angel of Death Black Widow
Sexual Predator Revenge
Kelleher: 9 Categoriesof Female Serial Killers
Profit Crime Questions of Sanity
Team Killer Unexplained
Kelleher: 9 Categoriesof Female Serial Killers
Unsolved
Collapsed Typologies: Female Serial Killer’s Modus
Operandi
2Basic
Themes
Psychological
Economicgain
Female Serial Killers
2 Basic Sub-Themes
Power andcontrol
Sexual fantasies
Female Serial Killers
Seldom selects random victims, as disorganized male profile
Targets those who have disrespected, mistreated, or abused her in the past
Victims have caused significant degrees of: Discomfort Abandonment
Female Serial Killers
Misled Weakened her standing in society
She desires: Revenge Elimination of competitor who stands
in her way
Motivation
Females seldom kill in fulfillment of sexual fantasies.
Motivation is to regain order and control in a life perceived as unworkable or out of control.
Kill people they knowOften inside the home
Female Serial Killer Research
One-third report killing strangers.One in two had male accomplices.Murder for material gainUse poisons or pillsSource: Dr. Hickey
Case Illustration: Nurse Jane Toppan
26 years oldNurseWanted to kill more people than
preceded herGave lethal infections to 31 patientsSuspected in 70 other casesEventually confined to state mental
institution
Financial Gain: Serial Killers
Weisheit StudyOverall seventy-four percent of
female serial killers motivated at least partially for financial reasons
Balance killed exclusively for money
Psychological Gain: Lone Offender
Angel of Death
Power Seeker
Decides who lives or dies under
defective care
Motivation for Murder
Enhanced
Self Esteem
Respect Attention
Adoration
She ignores those who die because
she failed to resuscitate
them…
“Mr. Bond, they have a saying in Chicago:
Once is happenstance,
Twice is coincidence,
The third time it’s enemy action.”
Ian Fleming
Criminal Statistical Analysis
Conviction of nurse82 patients died in two-and-one-
half year period
Deaths in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Gregory Istre, epidemiologist with CDC pored over charts
Deaths in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
He was able to eliminate variables such as age, race, sex, medical history, severity of illness, procedures, surgery, surgeons, and therapeutic intervention as explanation.
The timing of the deaths pointed to only one nurse, Genene Jones.
Deaths in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
CPR event was 25 times more likely to occur when appellant was working.
As to 8 of the 9 patients who had recurrent CPRs on different shifts in the epidemic period, appellant was assigned to their care during each CPR episode.
FOCUS POINTS: Female Serial Killers
The level of murder in hospitals and nursing homes requires increased law enforcement attention.
Prevention = focus on health care providers.
FOCUS POINTS: Female Serial Killers
Structural pressures offer opportunities for serial murder.
Ideal for those who seek psychological gain and want to kill
Coordination, education, and proactive strategies needed
Female Serial Killers
Place specific Most often kill in hospitals
Leave no geographic pattern
Opportunities to kill without detection
are abundant
Female Serial Killers: Opportunities to Kill
Accessible and vulnerable victims
Induced quietlyMultitude of weapons at their disposal
Health care settings not perceived as murder scenes
Autopsies seldom performed
Congestive heart failure reasonable outcome
Hospital administrators reluctant to report incidents
Appropriate Legislation and Law Enforcement Proactive
Strategies
Set the stage for the protection of innocent victims
Motive + Opportunity + Vulnerable Victims = Serial Killing Opportunities
Conclusion
Criminal investigative analysis will not predict the female serial killer.
It will help identify potential suspects.
It helps avoid the “smoke and mirrors” of serial murder investigations.
Conclusion
Women have a special advantage in the social environment.
They aren’t the usual suspect when it comes to serial murder.